Unit 2 讲义-2024-2025学年牛津译林版八年级英语上册讲义

课 堂 导 入 ( I want to go to school. Because school life is so wonderful. )在你心中学校生活是什么样的？你喜欢学校生活吗？ 知 识 讲 解 ( 知识梳理与精讲 ) 一、词汇Words 1.advertisement(n) 广告 【复数】advertisements 【动词】advertise登广告 【例句】I will see many advertisements when watch TV. 看电视的时候会看到很多广告。 【练习】Businessmen let people know their products by advertising . 商人通过打广告让人们熟悉他们的商品。 2.vacation（n）假期（美式） 【英式】holiday 【复数】vacations 【相似词】vocation 职业，天职 【固定短语】on vacation 在假期里 【例句】I always have trips on vacation.在假期里我总喜欢出去旅游。 【练习】School is closed for the summer and children are on vocation . 学校夏天关闭,孩子们放假。 3.mixed（adj）混合的;男女混合的 【动词】mix 混合 mix...with...和...混合 【名词】mixer搅拌器 【例句】Oil and water don’t mix.油和水无法混合。 【练习】There are many mixed schools in British. 英国有很多男女混合的学校。 4.discuss（vt）讨论 【过去/现在分词】discussed/discussing 【固定短语】discuss with与...谈论 【例句】If you have problems in homework, you can discuss with your classmates. 如果你有不会做的作业，你可以跟你的同学讨论。 【练习】She was happy to discuss anything with him. 她很高兴跟他谈任何事情。 5.offer（vt）主动提出，自愿给与 【过去分词】offered 【三单】offers 【固定搭配】offer sb sth 【例句】He offered me a glass of wine. 他给了我一杯葡萄酒。 【练习】He often offers me helps.他经常帮我。 6.end(vi)结束 【三单】ends 【名词】ending,ending 也是它的现在分词 【固定搭配】in/the end of ...在...之前/最后 in the end 终于，最后 at the end最终，最后，在终点 at the end of 在...尽头 by the end of 到...结束，到...为止 end up结束 【例句】He calmed down in the end. 他的情绪终于平定下来。 In the end of this month,I will get my driving license.只个月结束之前，我就能拿到驾照。 If you look at the end of your nose, your eyes converge.  如果你看着你的鼻尖，你的两眼就向一点集中。 I hope to be 100% by the end of this year.  我希望在今年年底能成为100%的素食主义者 The chairman finally ended up his speech.主席终于结束了演说。 7.win（vt/vi）获胜；赢得 【名词】winner 【过去分词】won 【例句】They won the game.他们赢得了比赛。 【练习】I want to be the winner .我想成为赢家。 8.quick（adj）快的 【比较级】quicker 【副词】quickly 【例句】He is quicker than me.他速度比我快。 【练习】Please be quick ,we are waiting for you.你快点，我们都在等你。 9.finish（vi）结束，完成 【三单】finishes 【过去分词】finished 【固定搭配】finish sth/doing 完成某事 【例句】I can watch TV after finishing my homework.完成作业后我可以看电视。 【练习】Can you finish doing it on time.你能按时完成吗？ 二、重要短语Important phrases 1.spend time on/doing sth 花时间做某事 I spend ten minutes on lunch.我吃午饭只花了10分钟。 I spend ten minutes having lunch. （用spend ...doing翻译上面的一句话） 关于时间的问句是，How much time do you spend on...doing? 2.at most 至多，不超过 at most=at the most =not more than Winter is the slack season at most hotels.冬季是大多数宾馆的淡季。 The freight shall not exceed $2500per ton at most but we trust you will succeed in getting easier term. 运费最多不可超过每吨2,500元，相信贵方必能提供更为优厚的条件 【反义词】at least至少 Here are at least fifty students in the class，这里至少有五十个学生在这间教室里头。 3.look through 浏览，快速查看，温习 She spent the whole night looking through the student’s homework. 他花了一晚上看学生的作业。 He looked through his notes before the final examination. 他期末考前温习了他的笔记。 【拓展】look through还有“看透，识破”，“透过...看去”的意思 How did she look through his trick.他是怎么识破他的把戏的。 Look through this window and you can see a beautiful garden. 透过窗户看去你可以看到一个小花园。 4.at first 起初，首先 这个短语常用语作文中，用于句首，相对应的即用在句尾的词组是at last,或者是in conclusion，表示最后的意思。 翻译：首先我要先介绍一下我的老师。 At first, i will introduce my teacher 5.keep (on)doing sth 继续，重复做某事 She kept me waiting for half an hour. 他让我等了半个小时。 【拓展】①keep...from doing...阻止做某事 As long as we keep on doing so, we shall not alienate ourselves from the masses. 只要我们这样做了就不会脱离群众。 Faith can keep people from bad things. 信仰可以阻止人们做坏事。  ②keep in touch with...保持联系 Though graduated,we should keep in touch with each other (即使毕业了我们也要保持联系) ③keep off 远离，避开，让开=keep away from Keep off the drugs.远离毒品。 翻译：请勿践踏花草 please keep off grass ④keep up with 跟上，不落下 Hurry up,or you won’t keep up with them. 快点，要不然你就赶不上他们了。 Young girls likes to keep up with the latest fashions.年轻女孩喜欢赶最新潮流。 6.half an hour 半小时, 一个半小时 an hour and a half=one and a half hours 三、重要句型Important Sentences structures 1. My ideal school starts at...and finishes at...我理想的学校在...开始，...结束 start at/begin at +时间点，译为...开始/...结束 begin / start to do sth 　 begin / start doing sth. 1)　谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，使用doing. 　 How old were you when you first started playing the piano? 　 你几岁时开始弹钢琴？ 2) 　begin, start用进行时时，后面动词用不定式to do 　 I was beginning to get angry. 　　我开始生起气来。 3) 　在attempt, intend, begin, start 后接know, understand, realize这类动词时，常用不定式to do。 I begin to understand the truth。 　　我开始明白真相。 4)　物作主语时 　　It began to melt. 2.We have an hour for...我们有一小时做... We have an hour for lunch.我们有一小时的时间吃午餐。 =We have an hour for having lunch. 3.Why not dogs go to school? 为什么狗不去上学？ Why not...?为什么不？=Why don’t...? 翻译：为什么不好好学习？ Why not study hard 思考：Why not后面加动词的什么形式？？？ ( 知识梳理与精讲 )Grammar 一、形容词的比较级—常见句型 ① A=B A+ V + as + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。一样） He is as tall as I/me. 他和我一样高。 He is as good a teacher as his father.他和他的父亲一样是个好教师。 ② A≠ B A + V + not + as/so + adj./adv. + as + B （与。。。不一样） They didn’t do as/so much work as you did. 他们干得事没有你多。 I’ve never seen as/so old a car as this.我从来没有见过像这样旧的车。 ③ A > B 或A < B A + V + 比较级 + than + B （比。。。<更>。。。） Tom is two years older than his brother. 汤姆比他的弟弟大两岁。 Our classroom is bigger than theirs. 我们的教室比他们的大。 ④ 表示倍数A + V + twice/four times/… + as + adj./adv. + as + B（A是B的两倍/四倍/…） This room is twice as large as that one. 整个房间是那房间的两倍大。 The earth is 49 times as big as the moon.地球是月球的49倍大。 ⑤ 表示程度的递增 主语 + V + 比较级+ and+比较级 (…越来越…) 安迪的身体状况一天天好起来。Andy is getting__better and better______ every day. (2011辽宁抚顺) 主语 + V + more and more+ +adj./adv. (…越来越…) Our country is becoming__more and more beautiful_________.我们的国家变得越来越美了。 ⑥ 表示两种情况同时变化 The+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …，the+ 比较级+ 主语+ V + …(…越…越…) 他吃的越多，人越胖。__the more___________he eats,___the fatter___________ he gets. (2011山东青岛) ⑦ 主语+ be +one of the+ 最高级 + n.(pl.) + in/of… (…是最…之一) Beijing is one of the oldest cities in China.北京是中国最古老的城市之一。 ⑧ 主语+ V。+ the+ 最高级 + in/of… (…最…) Ann studies hardest of all the girls in our class.安妮是我们班学习最用功的学生之一。 ⑨ 主语+ V。+ the+ 比较级 + of the two… (…<两者中>较…的) Lily is the taller of the twins.莉莉是这两个双胞胎中较高的那个。 ⑩ 主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any other +n. (单数) + in… (…比任何其他的更…) 主语+ V。+ 比较级 + than + any of the other +n. (复数) + in…(…比任何其他的更…) He is taller than any other student in his class.他比他班级中其他的任何学生高。 = He is taller than any of the other students in his class. = He is the tallest students in his class. ( 典型例题 ) 1. It is not so__hot____________ (hot)today as it was yesterday. 2. Li Lin is not as__active_________ (active)as he used to be. 3. The air pollution is much___more serious___________ (serious)in our city than in theirs. 4. This is one of the_____most delicious_________(delicious)dishes in this restaurant. 5. Judy got the______most________(many)new ideas of all the students here. 二、要点点拨： A、区别many、mich、few, a few, little, a little （1）many和much都作“许多”解，many用于修饰可数名词，而much修饰不可数名词。 （2）few, a few后接可数名词；little, a little后接不可数名词。 （3）a few, a little含肯定意味，few, little含否定意味。例如：同样是半杯水，口渴者会认为：There is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为：There is a little water in the glass. ( 举一反三 ) （1）At midnight there are _B____ people in the street. Most of them are asleep. A. few B. fewer C. fewest D. many （2）Tom bought ___B__ books with _____ money yesterday. (2010 江苏南京)       A. a few, a few B. a few, a little C. a little, a few D. a little, a little （3）Mr Jiang was ___D____ unhappy with his robot because of its ______ problems. A too many ,too much B. too much, too many C. too many, much too D. much too, too many B、比较级前可以用much、even、a little、a lot、far等修饰。 I spend _B_ more time on English than on other subjects. (2011辽宁抚顺) A. a few B. a little C. many D. little C、用 ‘the same as’和 ‘different from’进行比较 the same as表示一个事物就像另一个事物，指两个同种类的东西，表示与...一样，后接名词或名词性物主代词。be different from表示一个事物不像另一个事物，表示与...不同，后接名词/代词。 例句：（1）My book is the same as yours. 我的书和你的一样。 （2）City life is different from country life .都市生活和乡村生活是不同的 D、比较两个事物的数量可用：‘more…than’,‘fewer…than’‘less…than’, 比较两个以上事物的数量时可用：‘the most’,‘the fewest’和‘the least’，其中__fewer__,_fewest____后面加可数名词，___less__,_least____后面加不可数名词,___more__,_most____后面既可加可数名词又可加不可数名词。 ( 典型例题 ) 1） Nancy 学习的科目比John多。 Nancy studies ___more___ subjects _than_____ John. 1. Kitty 的果汁是最少的。 Kitty has ____the least____ juice. 1. 三班的学生在农场摘的苹果最多。 The students of Class Three picked __the most____ apples on the farm. 1. 孩子们的空余时间比以前更少了。 Children have __less____free time _than____before. 课 堂 小 测 ( 课堂检测 ) （C ）1. _____ children there are in a family, _______ their life will be. A. fewer, richer   B. The less, the better C. The fewer, the better     D. The fewest, the best ( A )2 . His money is ________ mine .        A. twice more than      B. more than twice        C. more twice than      D. two times more than ( C )3. Taking a car is always ________ than ______ a bus.       A. faster , take   B.fast , to take C.faster , taking   D. more faster , taking ( D ) 4. Last week , they had a great time _______ Qingdao. A. to visit     B. to visiting    C. for visiting   D. visiting (  D ) 5. He jumps __________than____________ in his class. A. more highly, anyone else B. more high, anyone else C. higher , anyone D. higher, any other student ( D ) 6. These coats are as new as those ________. A. one    B. ones    C. coats   D. both B and C ( D )7. This is  _______ day in my life. A. happier    B. the happy   C. the happier  D. the happiest (  C ) 8. Tom! Don’t play with your toy alone. You must learn to ________.        A. have fun     B. play       C. share        D. enjoy yourself ( B  )9. The book is ____ of the two. A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest ( D  ) 10. Miss Gao’s ______ sister works in No.1 Middle School.        A. old        B. older          C. eld           D. elder (  B ) 11. I like the TV channel with funnier programmes but ____advertisements.        A. few        B. fewer           C. little         D. less ( C  )12. She has three daughters. One is a teacher , _____ are workers.       A. another     B. the other    C. the others    D. other ( B )13. I spend______ time on my homework than you do . That means you have _____ homework than I do. A. less, much     B. more, less     C. less, less     D. more, more ( B )14. I can’t do the job _______ you. A. so bad as    B. as badly as   C. as worse as    D. so worst as ( D  )15._____________ of the women is my mother.       A. The older      B. Older       C. The old       D. The oldest 课 堂 小 结 Step 1. 思考回忆所学知识点，并将所学知识点列在下面 Step 2. 错题回顾 课 后 作 业 ( 课后作业 ) 用所给词的适当形式填空（15分） 1. I think swimming is much __easier_____(easy) than diving. 2. After class, we often have a good time ___talking___(talk) with our teacher. 3. Simon has _less___(little) orange juice than Millie. 4. I am old enough to look after _myself______(I). Don’t worry about me. 5. Last term he ___spent___ (spend) a lot of time __practicing____ (practice) his English. 6.Look!She___is skating__(skate)really fast! 7. David ___broke____ (break) his arm when he _played_____ (play) basketball last Sunday. 8．I hope it____will be________(be)sunny tomorrow because we will visit your school． 9．Listen! How beautiful the music___sounds________(sound)! 10．How about____going_______(go)to see a movie tomorrow? 11．Each of us doesn’t know how___to cook________(cook)healthy food． 12．The number of the students in our school____is_____(be)smaller than that in theirs． 13．He did everything wrong，so he_____felt________(feel)bored． 14. Lucy kept ___asking______(ask) the teacher strange questions. 根据所给汉语或首字母提示，完成句子。（9分） 1．Do you know the differences between American English and___British______(英国)English? 2．Which___subject____ (科目)do you like best? —Chinese and history． 3．Who spent the____least___(最少)time working out the problem? 4. In a mixed school, boys and girls have lessons together________ . 5. The teacher asks us not to talk in class d uring________ the Reading Week. 6. You can't take the magazine______ out of the library. 7. There are more __advertisements____ (广告) on TV now. I don't like watching them. 8. What's your __ideal____ (理想的) school like?  9. Every month they go on a school trip to a _museum_____ (博物馆). 根据汉语提示完成句子。（2*5=10分） 1. 那所学校怎么样? __What’s______ the school __like__ ? 2. 星期天丹尼尔经常帮助他妈妈做家务。 Daniel often ___helps_____ his mother ___with_____ housework on Sunday 3. 西蒙的故事书比米莉的少。 Simon has ___fewer_____ story-books _than_ Millie. 4. 现在我知道怎样学好数学。 Now I ___know___ __how____ __to____ __learn____ Maths well. 5.我们三人中，他参加的兴趣小组最少。 He joins ____the fewest______________clubs _____among the three of us_____________________. 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$