Unit 4 讲义-2024-2025学年牛津译林版英语八年级上册讲义

( 问题导入 ) My cousin and DIY My cousin Andrew is crazy about DIY. He loves to repair things and decorate his house. But when he finishes, the housse always looks terrible! He once tried out to put in a brighter light in his bedroom,but he made a mistake.Then his whole house had a power cut. Another time, he wanted to put up a picture on his bedroom wall,but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water. Last month, he thought the living room in his house was boring, so he painted it blue. His mum said,”Stop it.” But he kept on painting. Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor. Even his car is blue now! When I wanted a shelf above my bed, he said, “No problem!” He then spent five hours putting up the shelf on the wall. Then I put my books on the shelf. Whoops! They couldn’t stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other! I bought some books about DIY for him and I also advised him to take a course in DIY. But this just made him angry—he says he already know everything about it. So instead, I am reading all the books myself and attending lessons every Saturday. Now I know much more about DIY than my cousin! ( 知能梳理 ) 重点词汇与句型 ◇1. Instruction n.指示；用法说明。常用复数形式。 The lawyer will act on your . ◇2.brush n. 刷子；画笔 复数形式 猜猜各种洗刷刷的刷子 hairbrush nailbrush toothbrush paintbrushes ◇ 3.glue n.胶水 不可数名词 ◇4. scissors n.剪刀 v.剪开 a pair of scissors ◇5.tape n. 磁带;胶带 tape recorder 录音机 ◇6. DIY n. 自己动手做 do it yourself 的缩写 他痴迷于自己动手做。 ◇7.exactly adv.确切地，精确地 exact(adj. 准确的；精确的)+ly（副词后缀）=exactly 现在是九点整。 It is exactly nine o’clock. ◇8. repair v.修补 你能帮我修理一下自行车吗？ Can you help me repair my bicycle? ◇9. decorate v.装饰 短语：decorate……with …… 用……装饰…… 他用花装饰自己的房间。 He decorated his room with flowers. ◇10. He once tried to put in a brighter light in his bedroom,but he made a mistake. 1）put in 安装 我们在房间里安装了一台新的空调（air conditioner）。 We put in a new air conditioner in our room. put up 张贴；举起 put away 收拾，整理 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演（剧目） 2) make a mistake/make mistakes by mistake 错位地，无意地 对不起，我错拿了你的包。 Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. mistake n. 错误，失误 助记mis - （否定前缀）+ take （v. 拿走）= mistake 词缀记忆法 mis- 为常用词缀，表否定，例：misunderstand、mislead等 mistake v. 误解，弄错 ◇11. ……but he hit a pipe and filled the room with water, ……但是他敲裂了水管，弄得房间里都是水。 fill…with…… 用……填充…… be filled with 是fill…with…的被动语态形式，意为被……装满，主语通常为物。与be full of …同义 We’d better fill the cup with water . 我们最后先给杯子里装满水。 The room is filled with /is full of toys. 这个房间放满了玩具。 -The box is too heavy to carry. What is in it? -Oh,it is books. A．filled with B. covered with C.used for D. asked for ◇12. Now the living room has not only blue walls but also a blue ceiling and floor.现在客厅里不仅是蓝色的，连天花板和地板也是蓝色的。 not only……but also “……不仅……而且……；……和……都”可以连接并列的句子成分。当连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式由but also 后的主语来确定。 典例： 1.Not only my friends but also I interested in football and Messi is our favourite star. A.be B.am C.is D.are 2.不仅你的父母为你骄傲，我也为你骄傲。 Not only your parents but also I am proud of you. 3.他不仅会说英语，还会说日语。 He can speak not only English but also Japanese . ◇13. They couldn’t stay there because one end of the shelf was much higher than the other! 书无法摆在架子上面，因为架子的一端比另一端要高得多！ one …… the other …… 一个……另一个…… 我有两个哥哥。一个是律师，另一个是医生。 I have two brothers .One is a lawyer and the other is a doctor. ◇14. ……I also advised him to take a course in DIY. ……我还建议他参加DIY的课程。 advise v.建议，忠告，劝告 常用结构：advise doing 建议做某事 advise sb (not) to do 建议某人 （不要）做某事 advice n.不可数名词 1.My doctor advised me the medicine twice a day, in the morning and evening. A．take B. to take C.taking D.to taking 2.I advised meeting at 4:30 pm. 我建议下午4：30见面。 3.She advised her husband to give up smoking, but he wouldn’t. 他建议他的丈夫戒烟，但是他不听. ◇15. crazy adj. 着迷的，狂热的，发疯的 近义词 mad 狂热的，着迷的 be crazy about 对...着迷 Jack was crazy about playing computer games. 杰克对玩电脑游戏很着迷。 ◇16. terrible adj. 可怕的 terribly adv. A terrible accident happened on the highway yesterday. 昨天公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。 ◇17. once adv. 曾经，一度 一次 ◇18.course n. 课程，过程 拓展 course 经过，一道菜 of course 当然，自然 ◇19. attend v. 经常去，出席 拓展 attend 通常指“参加”会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。 ◇20.You’d better get some tools. 你最好拿一些工具。 否定形式：had better( not )do sth. 最好(不要)做某事 ◇21.It stands for “do-it-yourself”.它代表“自己动手做”。 stand for 代表，象征 This symbol stands for strength. 这个符号象征着力量。 stand for 还可以表示“支持”，相当于“support” ◇22. Instead of 代替，而不是 Shall we have fish instead of meat today？ 我们今天吃鱼而不吃肉好吗？ 易混辨析 instead of 和 instead Instead of 介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，一般置于句首、句中。 Instead 副词，意为“反而，代替”，常置于句首、句末。 Give me this instead of that. 给我这个，不要那个。 It’s too hot to walk.We’ll go swimming instead. 天太热了，不能去散步，我们打算改为游泳 ( 举一反三 ) 1. Sorry, I took your umbrella by ______(错误)。（根据句意及汉语提示写出单词） 2. 我们最好在游泳池游泳。那样更安全。（根据汉语意思完成句子） ______ ______ swim in the swimming pool. It’s safer. 3. A: Sandy did her homework last Sunday. Sandy didn’t watch TV last Sunday.(改为同义句) B: Sandy did her homework ______ ______ watching TV last Sunday. 4. -- To achieve a bright future, we should ______ study hard ______ keep in good health. -- I agree with you. A. Not; but B.not only; but also C.neither; nor D.either;or 5. -- Simon, what do I need to take for the hiking? -- You’d better ______ more water than usual. It’s hot today. A.to take B.take C.taking D.took 答案：1.mistake 2. We’d better 3.instead of 4.B 5.B ( 课堂检测 ) 一、单项选择 1. What do the letter”ARG” stand______? A.in B.for C.at D.on 2. You look tired. You’d better ______ a good rest. A.stop to have B.stop having C.to stop to have D.to stop having 3. What bad weather it was! We decided______. A.to go out B.not to go out C.to not go out D.not going out 4. -- Why not buy John a toy car for his birthday? -- Good idea! He is ______cars. A.crazy to B.crazy about C.crazy with D.crazy of 5. --My recorder is broken.Could I use yours? --______,but you have to return it tomorrow. A.I’m not sure B. No problem C. I’m sorry D. I hope so 6. My bag is too heavy. It______books. A.is full B.full of C.is fill with D.is filled with 7. ______smoke here,Dad.Smoking has been banned in public places. A. Don’t be B. Don’t C. Not to be D. Be not 8. Class is beginning. Please stop______. A.talking B.to talk C.talk D.talks 9. --I don’t care what my teachers think. --Well, you______. A.could B.would C.should D.might 10. Mr Wu sometimes goes to work by bus or on foot instead of ______ his car. A.drive B.drove C.driving D.drives 答案：1-5 BABBB 6-10DBACC 2、 完形填空 Sandwich is a kind of popular western food. we eat sandwiches with different fillings. some of _11_ like sandwiches with eggs and some like vegetable sandwiches. I like sandwiches with pork or cheese in them . Sandwiches taste _12_ and we can make them at home .Did you ever try making a sandwich yourself? The gradients for sandwich _13_ very simple .You can buy everything in a supermarket . _14_ example ,if you like sandwiches with eggs and vegetables ,you can buy some bread ,butter ,and eggs in a supermarket and get things ready in only 10 minutes . What you need _15_ is to fry the eggs and wash the vegetables . When you are hungry ,just the butter onto the bread ,lay some clean vegetables on the buttered bread and the _16_ egg on it .Cover it with another piece of bread . It is so easy _17_a sandwich .If you like _18_ inside ,you may put some other things such as pork,cheese,or even red pepper between the two pieces of _19_ . But don not _20_ some leaves of vegetables in it will make your sandwiches more delicious .Now it is time for you to have a try . 11.A.we B. our C.us D.them 12.A.deliciously B.better C.delicious D.well 13.A.is B.are C.be D./ 14.A.for B.with C.as D.in 15.A.do B.doing C.to do D.does 16.A.frying B.fried C.to fry D.fries 17.A.to make B.making C.make D.made 18.A.else anything B.else something C.nothing else D.something else 19.A.paper B.bread C.breads D.meat 20.A.forget to put B.forget putting C.remember to put D.remember putting 答案：11-15 CCBAC 16-20 BADBA 三．任务型阅读 Running is becoming popular these days. Many of us run for health. Doctors say many health problems come from bad habits:eating and drinking too much,smoking, and not taking enough exercise. Doctors tell us, “Eat and drink less,don’t smoke, and exercise more.” Running is a good form of exercise because it helps build a strong heart. It also helps most people lose weight. One 68-year-old woman runs three times a week. “I love eating,” she says. She runs to lose weight. Running is good for health in other ways too. Many runners say running keeps colds away. “Running is my doctor,” says one man. Running can also help people to relax. So today men and women of all ages enjoy running. These days, 1 is becomimg popular. Aim People run to keep 2 . Reason Health problems come from bad 3 . Running is a good 4 of exercise. 1. Running helps build a strong 5 2. Running help most people lose 6 . 3. Running can keep 7 away 4. Running can make people 8 . Advice 1.Eat and drink 9 . 2. 10 more. 答案：1.running 2. healthy/fit 3.habits 4.form 5.heart 6.weight 7.colds 8.relax 9.less 10.Exercise ( 回顾小结 ) ( 课后作业 ) 一、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词 1. A______(可怕的)accident happened in the street last night. 2. The boy often makes ______(错误)in his exams. 3. My father painted the ceiling, the floor and all the ______(家具). 4. You can put your books on this_______(书架). 5. My brother loves to repair things and ______(装饰) his room. 答案： terrible mistakes furniture shelf decorate 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 你最好今天就完成你的家庭作业。 You______ ______ ______ your homework today. 2. 你能帮我把这些图画贴到墙上吗？ Can you help me ______these pictures ______ the wall? 3. 如果你把蓝色和黄色混合在一起，就会得到绿色。 If you ______ blue ______ yellow, you will get green. 4. 西蒙决定了要把他的卧室粉刷成蓝色。 Simon ______ ______ ______ his bedroom blue. 5. 由于大雨，他们停止了踢足球。 Because of the heavy rain, they ______ ______ football. 答案：had better finish put;on mix;with decided to paint stopped playing 3、 首字母填空 Dear Jane, I’m glad to tell you something about Shuyang.It is a busy c___1___.There are many p__2____ of interest in Shuyang. It has lots of museums, parks and shopping c___3___. There are green trees on both sides of the city r___4___. All these make the life in Shuyang more comfortable and c___5___. Last month, I invited Mrs Wu to v___6___ Shuyang. When she arrived in Shuyang, she couldn’t b___7___ her eyes. She said the buildings became h__8____.She t__9____ lots of photos here. She likes Shuyang very much. I hope you can come and visit Shuyang some day and enjoy y__10____ here. Yours, Millie 1. __________ 2.__________ 3.__________ 4.___________ 5.___________ 6. __________ 7.__________ 8.__________ 9.___________ 10.___________ 答案：1.city 2.places 3.centres 4.roads 5.colourful 6.visit 7.believe 8.higher 9.took 10.yourself 4、 阅读理解 Peter wondered why he didn’t have many friends. The reason was he was always taking, never giving. One day Peter told Bill, “I’d like to give a party on Saturday, I’d like you to come and bring Martha, too.” “Thanks, Peter. We’d be happy to come.” “Perhaps you’d like to bring your violin. You and Martha sing well together. I’m sure everyone will want you to sing for us.” That was how Peter began to plan his party. Next he asked another friend, Betty, to bring a cake. “You make the best cake in the world, Betty, and I like to eat your cake better than have one from the bakery.” Peter invited a few other friends to come to his party. He didn’t forget to ask something from each one of them. He even asked Jim and Mary Jackson to let him give the party at their house! They agreed. The party was a big success. However, as the guests were leaving, they said “Thank you ” to Bill and Martha for the music, Betty for the cake, the Marry for the use of the house and to others for their hard work. To Peter they just said, “Thanks for the invitation.” 1. The party was held ________. A. at Peter's house B. in a large hall C. at Peter's friend's house D. in a secret place 2. Which of the following is not true? A. Betty made the best cake. B. Mary Jackson sang well. C. Bill played the violin well. D. The Marry did hard work for the party. 3. ________ liked Peter. A. Many of his friends B. Few people C. Everyone D. All his friends 4. Peter ________ to give the party. A. tried his best B. did nothing C. only invited some friends D. did everything 5. From the story, we can see Peter was ________. A. a warm-hearted man B. good at making friends C. a selfish man D. a welcomed friend 答案：CBBCC 5、 书面表达 今天是你妈妈的生日，你和爸爸想送给她令她惊喜的礼物，你们打算为她做一个生日蛋糕和生日贺卡。运用本单元所学的词汇，写一篇60-80词的DIY过程。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ( 1 )· 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$