Unit 3（知识清单） -2024-2025学年英语五年级上册单元速记·巧练系列（人教PEP版）

Unit 3 What would you like? 知 识 归 纳 语音 字母组合 ow在单词中的发音： 发/aʊ/音,如: cow, flower, wow, down。 发/əʊ/音,如: slow, snow, yellow, window。 必记单词 四会 sandwich三明治 salad蔬菜沙拉；混合沙拉 hamburger汉堡包 tea茶;茶水 fresh新鲜的;刚摘的 healthy健康的 delicious美味的;可口的 hot辣的；辛辣的 sweet含糖的;甜的 三会 drink喝;饮 thirsty渴的;口渴的 favourite特别喜爱的 food食物 Dear(用于信函抬头的名字或头衔前)亲爱的 onion洋葱;葱头 常考短语 beef noodles牛肉面 orange juice橙汁 favourite food最喜欢的食物 fish sandwiches鱼肉三明治 no problem没问题 be careful小心 tomato soup西红柿汤 clean the vegetables清洗蔬菜 look nice看上去不错 at the farm在农场 ice cream冰激凌 必会句型 1.询问对方想要吃或喝什么的句型及答语： —What would you like to eat/ drink? —I'd like +食物/饮品. —What would you like to eat?你想吃什么? —A sandwich, please.请给我一个三明治。 —What would you like to drink?你想喝什么? —I'd like some water.我想喝点水。 2.询问对方最喜欢什么东西的句型及答语： —What's your favourite +名词? —名词./ My favourite+名词+ is/ are.../... is/ are my favourite... /I like... best. —What's your favourite food?你最喜欢的食物是什么? —Noodles./ My favourite food is chicken.面条。/我最喜欢的食物是鸡肉。 3.描述食物味道的句型： 主语+ is/ are+描述食物味道的形容词. They' re delicious.它们很好吃。 核心语法 1.可数名词变复数的规则：一般可数名词变复数时，在词尾加-s或- es。 noodle→noodles,box→boxes,potato→potatoes, sandwich→sandwiches 2. some和 any的用法: some用于肯定句, any用于否定句和一般疑问句。 I'd like some milk.我想要一些牛奶。 Do you have any pens?你有钢笔吗? 3.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导，一般用来询问具体情况。 What's your favourite drink?你最喜欢的饮料是什么? Where do you play football?你在哪里踢足球? 考 点 速 记 [考点1] 可数名词变复数规则 I’d like some noodles. 我想要一些面条。 A sandwich, please. 请给我一个三明治。 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时，用复数形式。 (一)名词单数变复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加“-s”(清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/)。 例: map→maps地图 bird→birds鸟 2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加“- es”(读/ iz/)。 例: box→boxes盒子 class→classes班级 watch→watches手表 dish→dishes盘子 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加“- es”。 例: city→cities城市 body→bodies身体 以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词直接加“-s”。 例: monkey→monkeys猴子 holiday→holidays假期 4.以f或 fe结尾的名词,要将f或 fe改为v, 再加“- es”。 例: half→halves一半 knife→knives刀 5.以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，有生命力的加“- es”；无生命力的加“-s”。 例: potato→potatoes土豆(有生命力) photo→photos照片(无生命力) 以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词后面加“-s”。 例: radio→radios收音机 zoo→zoos动物园 (二)名词单数变复数的不规则变化 1. child→children孩子 foot→feet脚 man→men男人 woman→women女人 tooth→teeth 牙齿 2.单复数同形的名词 例: sheep绵羊 fish鱼(几条鱼复数为 fish,几种鱼为 fishes。) 3.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数含义。 例: people人 police警察 提分练 一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. I can see three ________ in the zoo. A. monkeys B. monkeies C. monkey ( ) 2. The monster has four ________. A. foot B. feet C. foots ( ) 3. My two brothers are ________. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen ( ) 4. I can see ten ________ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig ( ) 5. The ________ has three ________. A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches 提分练 二、选词并用其适当形式填空，补全短文。(每词限用一次) photo hamburger tomato noodle salad Come and have lunch with us. First, let me take some 1. ________ of the food. I will send them to my WeChat Moments(朋友圈). Look, I have beef 2. ________. They are delicious. Diandian has a hamburger.3. ________ are his favourite food. Huahua has some 4. ________. It's healthy. We also have some 5. ________. They are so fresh. Do you want to come? [考点2] some与any 的用法 I’d like some water. 我想要一些水。 I’d like some noodles. 我想要一些面条。 some与any的用法及区别 1. some和 any 作为限定词或代词，可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词，表示不定量，意为“一些”。其区别是：some一般用在肯定句中，any一般用在否定句和一般疑问句中。如： I have some new books.我有一些新书。 Do you have any tomatoes?你有西红柿吗? We don't have any eggs. Let's buy some.我们没有鸡蛋了。我们买一些吧。 2. 当说话人有请求或建议语气并想得到对方的肯定回答时，some可用在一般疑问句中。如： Would you like some juice?你想要来点果汁吗? Can I have some ice cream?我可以吃一些冰激凌吗? 3. any修饰或指代名词，表示“任何一个”，用在肯定句中。如： Any student can play ping- pong with me.任何学生都可以和我打乒乓球。 提分练 一、用 some 或 any 填空。 1. I can see ________ birds in the tree. 2. There isn't ________ water in my bottle. Please give me ________. 3.—Are there ________ boys in the park? —No, but there are ________ girls in it. 4.—Which one can I take? —You may take ________ one of them. 5.—Would you like ________ juice? —No. I'd like ________ tea. 6. I didn't eat ________ meat. 7.—Can I go to Disneyland again? —Sure. You can go at ________ time. 8.—Do you have ________ storybooks? —No, I don't have ________. But I have________ science books. 9. I have many pencils. ________ are red. ________ are green. 10.—May I ask you ________ questions, Miss De? —Sure. 11. I have ________ new pens, but my brother doesn't have ________. 提分练 二、按要求完成句子。 1. Huahua would like some hamburgers.( 改为一般疑问句) ________________________________________________________ 2. There is a tomato on the table.(改为复数句) ________________________________________________________ 3. I have some beef noodles.( 改为否定句) ________________________________________________________ 4. Do you want to buy any ice cream?(改为肯定句) ________________________________________________________ 5. What would you like for dinner? (用 some rice 写完整答语) ________________________________________________________ 6. What would you like to drink?( 根据实际情况回答问题) ________________________________________________________ [考点3] 特殊疑问句 What would you like to eat? 你想吃什么？ What would you like to drink? 你想喝什么？ 一、特殊疑问句的用法 特殊疑问句通常用来询问具体情况，如某人做了什么事、事情发生在什么时间或地点等。特殊疑问句常由 what(什么), who(谁), whose(谁的), which(哪个), when(何时), why(为什么), where(哪里), how(怎样;如何), how many/ much(多少), how old(多大)等疑问词或疑问词组引导,如: What's your favourite food?你最喜欢的食物是什么? 二、特殊疑问句的句型结构 1. 当提问句子的主语或主语的修饰词时，用陈述句语序。如： Who likes maths?谁喜欢数学? Whose dress is purple?谁的裙子是紫色的? 2. 当提问句子的其他成分时，它的句型结构一般为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?”。如： Where are you from?你来自哪里? What colour do you like?你喜欢什么颜色? 三、特殊疑问句的答语 特殊疑问句根据具体问题来回答。如： —Who is he?他是谁? —He's my father.他是我的父亲。 四、常见的疑问词或疑问词组及用法 疑问词(组) 用法 示例 what(什么) 对事物或职业提问 What is that?那是什么? What does your father do?你的爸爸是做什么的? who(谁) 对“人”提问 Who is that girl?那个女孩是谁? whose(谁的) 对物品归属进行提问 Whose book is this?这是谁的书? which(哪个) 既可以对人提问，也可以对物提问 Which girl is your sister?哪个女孩是你的姐姐? Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节? when(何时) 对时间提问。对具体时刻提问也可用what time —When/ What time do you go to school?你什么时候去上学? —A+ 7:00.在七点。 why(为什么) 对原因提问 Why do you like summer?你为什么喜欢夏天? where(哪里) 对地点提问 Where are you now?你现在在哪里? how (怎样；如何) 对状态、程度、方式等提问 How are you?你身体如何? how many/ much (多少) how many用于提问可数名词的数量; how much用于提问不可数名词的数量，还可用于提问价格 How many sandwiches would you like?你想要几个三明治? How much salad do you want?你想要多少沙拉? How much is the fish?鱼多少钱? 提分练 一、用合适的疑问词填空，补全对话。 1.—________ do you have on Friday? —We have Chinese and English. 2.—________ do you have breakfast? —At 7:00. 3.—________ is your mother? —She is very well. 4.—________ are you from? —We' re from China. 5.—________ is the tall girl? —She is my sister. 提分练 二、单项选择。 ( ) 1.—What are those? —________ A. They're mine. B. They are pencil boxes. C. They are blue. ( ) 2.—________ are the pants? —They' re 98 yuan. A. How much B. How many C. How old ( ) 3.—What is your father like? —________ A. He likes books. B. He is a driver. C. He is kind. ( ) 4.—________ rice do you have? —Two bags. A. How B. How many C. How much ( ) 5.—________ do you like autumn? —Because I like the red leaves in autumn. A. When B. What C. Why 提分练 三、连词成句。 1. is, the, winter, weather, how, in(?) ________________________________________________________ 2. many, how, garden, are, in, there, flowers, the (?) ________________________________________________________ 3. do, often, on, what, you, the, do, weekend(?) ________________________________________________________ 4. which, does, eat, hamburger, to, want, he (?) ________________________________________________________ 5. favourite, what's, book, your(?) ________________________________________________________ 提分练 四、读问句，选择相应的答语。A. I like it very much. B. My favourite subject is English. C. She goes to bed at 9:00. D. It's Lucy's. E. A cup of juice, please. ( ) 1. What would you like to drink? ( ) 2. How do you like the soup? ( )3. Whose book is this? ( ) 4. When does your sister go to bed? ( ) 5. Which subject is your favourite? 提分练 五、对画线部分提问。 1. They are sitting on the grass. ________________________________________________________ 2. I watch TV in the afternoon. ________________________________________________________ 3. I go swimming on Saturday. ________________________________________________________ 4. I ride a bike on Sunday. ________________________________________________________ 5. Diandian has four classes in the morning. ________________________________________________________ 提分练 六、根据实际情况回答问题。 1. How old is your mother? ________________________________________________________ 2. Which season do you like best? ________________________________________________________ 3. Who is your favourite teacher? ________________________________________________________ 4. When do you go to school? ________________________________________________________ 5. What do you like to do in the evening? ________________________________________________________ 参考答案 (1) 可数名词变复数规则 一、1. A 解析： monkey 的复数形式是 monkeys。 2. B 解析： foot的复数形式是 feet。 3. C 解析： policeman的复数形式是 policemen。 4. A 解析： ten 意为“十”, 后面要跟可数名词的复数形式。sheep单复数同形，故选 A。 5. C 解析：谓语动词是 has，主语为第三人称单数形式。 three 意为“三”，后面要跟可数名词的复数形式, watch 的复数形式是 watches。 二、1. photos 解析： 根据下一句中的“ send them to my We Chat Moments.”, 可知此处选择 photo; some后需用其复数形式 photos。 2. noodles 解析：根据下一句“ They are delicious.”可知此处填复数形式； 又因前面的 beef，可知用 noodles。 3. Hamburgers 解析：根据前一句“ Diandian has a hamburger.”可知, 此处选择 hamburger;又因 are 与名词复数形式连用，此空位于句子的开头, 故答案为 Hamburgers。 4. salad 解析：根据“ It’s healthy.”可知, 此处在 some 后应为不可数名词, 故选 salad。 5. tomatoes 解析：用排除法及后面的 fresh 可知此处选 tomato，some后面跟可数名词复数形式，故填 tomatoes。 (2) some 与 any 的用法 一、1. some 解析：该句子为肯定句, 且 birds是可数名词的复数形式，故填 some。 2. any; some 解析：前一句为否定句, 用 any。后一句为肯定句, 且省略了 water, water是不可数名词, 前面用 some。3. any; some 解析：一般疑问句中用 any, 肯定句中用 some。 4. any 解析： any one of them 意为“它们中的任何一个”。 5. some; some 解析：“ Would you like…?” 属于提出委婉的请求，想得到肯定答复，故用 some。 tea是不可数名词, 前面用 some。 6. any 解析：否定句中用 any。 7. any 解析：“ at any time”表示“在任何时间”。 8. any; any; some 9. Some; Some 10. some 解析：当说话人有请求或建议语气并想得到对方的肯定回答时，some可用在一般疑问句中。 11. some; any 二、1. Would Huahua like some hamburgers? 2. There are some tomatoes on the table. 3. I don't have any beef noodles. 4. I want to buy some ice cream. 5. I would like some rice for dinner. 6. I would like to drink some water.(答案不唯一) (3) 特殊疑问句 一、1. What 2. When 3. How 4. Where 5. Who 二、1. B 解析：问句意为“那些是什么?”，故选 B。 2. A 解析：由回答“98元”可知，问句提问价格，用“ how much”, 故选 A。 3. C 解析：“ What is… like?”用于询问性格特征, 故选 C。 4. C 解析：由回答“两袋”可知，问句提问“多少”，rice 是不可数名词, 用“ how much”, 故选 C。 5. C 解析：由答语中的“ Because”可知, 问句提问“为什么”，故选C。 三、1. How is the weather in winter? 2. How many flowers are there in the garden? 3. What do you often do on the weekend? 4. Which hamburger does he want to eat? 5. What's your favourite book? 四、1. E 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 五、1. Where are they sitting? 2. Who watches TV in the afternoon? 3. When do you go swimming? 4. What do you do on Sunday? 5. How many classes does Diandian have in the morning? 六、(答案不唯一) 1. My mother is 36 years old. 2. I like summer best. 3. Ms Ma is my favourite teacher. 4. I go to school at eight o’ clock. 5. I like to read some books in the evening. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$