2025年中考英语总复习之阅读理解：猜词训练 课件

中考总复习之猜词训练 中考英语总复习之猜词训练 A French student goes to London for his holiday. He knows a little English, but he can’t speak it very well. One day he goes to a restaurant. He wants to have some eggs, but he can’t remember the English word for “egg”. He looks around and sees a picture of a hen. He shows the picture to the waiter. “ What do you call her children?” he asks. “Chicks, sir.” “ And what do you call chicks before they’re born?” “ Eggs, sir.” “Very well,” says the French student. “ Give me two eggs and a cup of tea, please”. 2 What would you do if you were him at that time? How to guess words meaning in reading comprehension 中考英语阅读解题方法指导－－－猜词技巧 难度﹡﹡﹡﹡ 阅读理解猜词题的设置方式 （1）The word “…” in the passage probably means___. （2）The underlined word “…” in the passage refers to __. （3）In the story the underlined word “…” means____. （4）Here “…” means____. （5）The expression/phrase “…” means____. （6）The word “…”is close in meaning to ____. 1. I will not make friends with a dishonest person. 2. When the little boy finished, his father was speechless. 3. If some athletes use drugs, it is unfair to the others. 一. 根据构词法猜词 首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如:un-, im-, mis-, -less, -ness等。 小结 dis+honest speech+less un+fair 构词法 合成词—由两个或两个以上单词合成的新词。 eg: blackboard, middle-aged 派生词—通过加前缀后缀构成新词。 常用前缀 前缀 意思 例词 en- il-,in- im- mis- non- un- re- 使可能 不，非 不 enable, enrich inexpensive, irregular impossible, impatient 错误的 不，非 不 再，重复 misunderstand, mismatch non-stop unable, unhappy rewrite, retell 常用后缀 后缀 例词 careless, helpless... careful, helpful... possible, eatable... traditional, environmental... dangerous, famous... friendly, weekly... 形 容 词 -less 否定 -ful -able,-ible -al -ous -ly -ive active, expensive... superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronounce (非自然的) homeless nonsmoker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建) Can you guess the right meanings? (微波) (非烟民) (发错音) (向东) Discuss Skills of Words Meaning 1. It will be very hard but also very brittle—— that is , it will break easily. 2. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students. 3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year. 二 .根据释义猜词 释义常由定语从句或由…is, or, that is (to say), in other words, be called，be known as等词汇或破折号来表示。 小结 脆的 冒名替考者 日历 三 .根据同义词关系猜词 He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. 2. Your ideas are so nebulous that they are not clear to me. 小结 and , or , such as, like, for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。 匆忙的 不清楚的 四 .根据对比和转折关系 1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 2. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated. 表转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though 等。 热的 恶化 小结 1.The clock is so accurate that it will never lose a second in more than 200 million years. 2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key. 徒劳的，无效的 五. 根据因果关系猜词 精确的 常用关联词如: because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so … that, such … that 等表示前因后果。 小结 六.根据生活常识或经验 1. In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry. 2. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. 3. The snake slithered through the grass. 嫁妆 旱灾 爬行, 滑行 生活常识 经验 定义描述 构词法 猜 同义词 对比转折 （反义词） 上下文 How to guess the meaning of words? 举例归纳 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 100 200 300 400 Competition Please give me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too. a dish directions for cooking C. a meal D. directions to your house 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 举例归纳 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A 雪山 B 树枝 C 冰河 D 冰 举例归纳 Scientists are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to test whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. 机器人的 robot 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 He is so homely, as ugly as his father. 相貌普通的，丑陋的 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 I hope that you’re able to find something here that’s interesting, useful, and informative! Today, I would like to share with you the topic. A. important B. full of information C. impossible inform information informative 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 She must be very affluent. For instance she wears expensive clothes and jewelry, and drives a Rolls-Royce. A. poor, unhealthy B. rich ,wealthy C. hard-working 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 举例归纳 Refuse to let your troubles multiply, just take them one by one. Organize your time, keep your life simple and exactly the way you want it. become more B. become less C. become better Beijing—Chinese Premier(总理) Wen Jiabao visited the “left-behind” children whose parents are working in cities before Children’s Day. A. 留守儿童 B. 孤儿 C. 残疾儿童 A. 留守儿童 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job. On the very first day, one of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers. These co-workers will be important to you. According to the passage, your supervisor is most likely your _______. A. Visitor B. teacher C. workmate D. leader C. leader 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Finally the enemy surrendered. They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads. 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 同位 关系 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义 屈服，投降 It is not only drivers who cause accidents, however. People on foot—pedestrians, and bicycle riders often cause accidents, too. Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking. You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street. The word “pedestrians” in the paragraph means______ in Chinese. A.行人 B.徒步 C.徒步竞走 D.常散步的人 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Miss Baker was awaked by a great noise. Their ship hit something and stopped. So much water filled the ship’s cabin that all the people were in a fluster… A. 慌乱中 B. 兴奋中 C. 迷茫中 D. 从容中 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Studying abroad brings a heavy burden to the family. For most Chinese parents, the cost of studying abroad is very high. But is it worth it? 负担 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Refuse to dwell on or be addicted to the mistakes that are sometimes a part of life, just walk out of them quickly and try to make things better. A. keep thinking about B. be interested in C. stay away from The British and Americans may use different terms for many things. The British usually use football, eraser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer, rubber and post. A. 成果 B. 学期 C. 会议 D. 用语 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Did you ever hear someone speak of a cat nap? A cat nap is a short sleep. People take it when there is a lot to do and there isn’t enough time for a full-length sleep. 小睡、打盹 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Once you have a good idea, the next step is organization. Think through your paper before you start. Write an outline. You need to know what your main points are before you start your first paragraph. Use 2—4 main points, one paragraph each. A. 外形 B. 提纲 C. 中心 D. 总结 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Yuan Longping, the father of hybrid rice, won the World Food Prize on Monday. Yuan developed the world’s first popular and widely grown hybrid rice. Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than the ones people grew before. 杂交水稻 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Britain’s smallest school was closed down because its only pupil failed to turn up for class, a famous British newspaper reported in May. The newspaper said the six-year-old girl’s parents were unhappy with a teacher who just got the job to teach the only pupil, so they decided to keep their daughter at home. “turn up” in the reading means______. pass an exam B. go to school C. pay money D. hand in homework 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Now there are many houses around the lake. people often use chemicals in their gardens. They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫). There are also many business-men. Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops. “Chemical” in the story means_______. A. 化学家 B. 污染品 C .药品 D. 化学制品 生活 常识经验 上下文 对比 转折 因果 关系 举例归纳 同义词 反义词 构词法 定义描述 Let's have another try! The reason I like The Family News so much is its happy stories. Most other papers depressed me with stories about cruelty of mankind. But The Family News never fails to bring a smile to my face.(2018四调C) 67. The word “depress ”in the passage means___. A. Drive sb mad B. make sb sad C. Leave sb alone D. keep sb quiet 挑战中考真题 Merchants travelled along the Silk Road to carry silk, of course. They also carried and traded other things like spices(香料)，cloth，jewels and gold.（2017中考） 67. The underlined word“Merchants”in the passage probably means__. A. Foreigners B. businessmen C. soldiers D. prisoners 挑战中考真题 There was once a professor of medicine , who was very strict with the students . Whenever he took the chair on the exam committee(委员会)， the students would be fear, for he was seldom pleased with the answers they gave. A student would be lucky enough if he or she could receive a good mark from him.（2017四调） 67.According to the passage , “taking the chair ”probably refers to_____. A. Sitting down on the chair B. Taking a chair in front C. Asking the hardest questions D. Controlling the exam 挑战中考真题 It was no mistake. I had the silver pieces put into the smallest loaf to reward you. Always be as content, peaceable and grateful as you now are. Go home now, and tell your mother that the money is yours to keep. （2016四调） 65. The underlined word “content "in the reading means_______. Honest and friendly to people around you Polite and hard-working in one’s life Kind and helpful to the others Happy and satisfied with what you have 挑战中考真题 With many classes now available through the Internet , it is easier for people to get degrees or training by distance learning.（2015四调） 67. The underlined words “distance learning ”in the reading means___. Studying in community college Learning for higher degrees Studying away from classroom Learning in the workplaces 挑战中考真题 She told us that she and her team have been listening to dolphins for more than 17 years, using special equipment to record and analyze their language . Unfortunately they haven’t been able to decode it yet, but who knows.（2015元调） 68. The word “analyze "in the reading means_______. Use Translate Copy Study 挑战中考真题 Scientists are asking themselves these questions and are now slowly putting together the evidence to solve the mystery(神秘现象). Examinations of the body have provided proof that the Iceman was a young man and didn’t have the strong arms of a laborer. （2014元调） 67. What is the word in the reading that has the same meaning as “evidence”? Study Victim Proof Story 挑战中考真题 生活常识 经验 定义描述 构词法 猜 同义词 对比转折 （反义词） 上下文 How to guess the meaning of words? 举例归纳 A good reader is a good guesser. Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are also high in protein(蛋白质). American use about seven tenths of their protein in the form of the meat. In India, where the poor can’t pay for meat or milk, peanuts meal and peanuts milk have been produced. These have been a great help to the poor.（07年北京卷） 挑战中考真题 What does the underlined word” nutritious” mean? A. good for health B. Helpful to the Poor C. Delicious and tasty D. Rich in fat and oil. Doctors and other scientists who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do, called psychologists, are starting to believe it. You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system (神经系统). Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can have an influence on the health of your body. 09年北京卷 A psychologist is a person who may help you with your__. A. illness and ability B. thoughts and behavior C. mind and nervous system D. physical activity and daily exercise 挑战中考真题 49 These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: 1、Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn’t make sense to you. 2、When a sentence doesn’t make sense, go back and read it anagin more slowly. 3、Look for any words you don’t know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索).If necessary, look them up in the dictionary.（10年北京卷） The underlined phrase “run into” means( ) A、work out B、come across C、look into D、pass by 挑战中考真题 Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar that when today’s teenagers become tomorrow’s parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”;they simply change to meet the new needs.(11年北京卷) The expression” bet your bottom dollar ”means( ) A、be fairly sure B、be greatly surprised C、think it a pity D、find it interesting 挑战中考真题 常用后缀 后缀 例词 teacher, visitor, Australian, scientist... improvement, government... illness, happiness... information, invitation... building, meaning... truth, warmth... safety... 名 词 人：-er, -or, -ian, -ist -ment -ness -tion -ing -th -ty Thank you $$