专题21 短文填空（考点精讲）-【中职专用】2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（山东专用）

►专题21 短文填空用法梳理 考点精讲 一、题型特点分析 短文填空考查的是英语知识的综合运用。在山东省春季高考试题中一般包括一篇短文填空文章,共10个空,每空1分。短文填空旨在考查学生的单词拼写能力、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力。这种题型一方面要求考生熟练掌握词汇和语法知识,另一方面要求考生具备一定的阅读理解能力,其设置问题的方式主要有以下几种。 1.空后给出英语单词 这类题要求用所给单词的正确形式填空,主要是对词性的考查,要求考生掌握常见的词类转换知识,如派生法、转化法等,然后根据句子的语法结构来判断所填词的词性。 2.空前后没有任何提示 这类题只设一处空白，主要考查学生对词组、介词或冠词等的掌握情况,看所填词和其前后能否构成固定搭配,看整个行文逻辑是否需要介词、冠词等。3.空后给出所填词的汉语提示 这类题主要考查考生的单词记忆和拼写能力,并要求根据上下文填写其正确形式。 4.空前给出所填词的首字母 这类题也是考查考生的单词记忆和拼写能力,注意填写其正确形式。 二、解题思路 短文填空题型的解题方法主要有以下几种。 1.快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨大意 短文填空首句一般不留空,因此认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句,有利于考生准确地预测和推断短文的主旨大意。通读全文的同时,还要注意一些与空格相关的关键信息。 2.复读短文,依次填入答案 复读短文,需要运用以下思路解决问题。 (1)根据文章的行文逻辑来确定需要填的单词。 (2)根据句子的语法结构确定所填词。比如,名词涉及单复数、所有格;代词涉及主格、宾格、单复数以及物主代词的分类;形容词、副词涉及比较等级;动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等。另外还需兼顾固定搭配和结构。 3.最后,结合所填答案,将文章再通读一到两遍,检查文章是否完整通畅。 重点小练 A I couldn’t understand her(1)______ the next spring.At that time, my father suddenly got sick(2)_______(serious). My mother had to stay with him(3)_____ the hospital(4)_____a month After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day.They were so kind to each other and it seemed they were the (5)_______(happy)couple.After two months, my father still couldn’t walk by(6)________(he).“Dad,how are you feeling now?”I asked him one day.“Susan,don’t worry(7)______ me.”he said,“I just like(8)______(walk) with your Mum.I like this kind(9)______ life.”Reading his eyes,I knew he loves my mother deeply.Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.Love is inside, making life strong and(10)______(warm). (1)______________(2)______________(3)______________ (4)______________(5)______________(6)______________ (7)______________(8)______________(9)_____________ (10)_____________ B Nowadays more and more people care(11)_______their(12)______(healthy). But what they think about keeping healthy is not quite the same. Here are some tips for us to(13)______ healthy. It’s the(14)______important that we should have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of fresh vegetables and fruit,(15)_______ provides nutrients for our body.Such nutrients give us energy and keep our body running. They help build and strengthen bones. A healthy diet can(16)_____(low) the risk of heart trouble and cancer and it will help(17)________(maintain) a healthy weight. Besides nutrition, health experts suggest taking physical(18)______.Regular exercise can make the heart beat (19)______(fast)and the lungs work harder. So more and more people are becoming active in(20)_____(vary) sports and exercise. (11)______________(12)______________(13)______________ (14)______________(15)______________(16)______________ （17）______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)_____________ 好题必测 Some of Robert’s old friends were talking about young people in their town.They all(1)_______ (agree) that old people were(2)________(clever) than young people. Then one of them said, “But young people are stronger than (3)_______people.”All of them agreed that this is true(4)________Robert. He (5)________(think) he was as strong as before. “That is not(6)________(possibly)." said his(7)________(friend).“Well,”said Robert,“In one corner of my garden there (8)______(be)a big stone. When I was young,I couldn’t(9)_______(move) it. I wasn't strong enough. Now I’m old and when I try to move it,I still can’t. That's why I'm as strong(10)______ before.” (1)______________(2)______________(3)______________ (4)______________(5)______________(6)______________ (7) ______________(8)______________(9)______________(10)_____________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ ►专题21 短文填空用法梳理 考点精讲 一、题型特点分析 短文填空考查的是英语知识的综合运用。在山东省春季高考试题中一般包括一篇短文填空文章,共10个空,每空1分。短文填空旨在考查学生的单词拼写能力、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力。这种题型一方面要求考生熟练掌握词汇和语法知识,另一方面要求考生具备一定的阅读理解能力,其设置问题的方式主要有以下几种。 1.空后给出英语单词 这类题要求用所给单词的正确形式填空,主要是对词性的考查,要求考生掌握常见的词类转换知识,如派生法、转化法等,然后根据句子的语法结构来判断所填词的词性。 2.空前后没有任何提示 这类题只设一处空白，主要考查学生对词组、介词或冠词等的掌握情况,看所填词和其前后能否构成固定搭配,看整个行文逻辑是否需要介词、冠词等。3.空后给出所填词的汉语提示 这类题主要考查考生的单词记忆和拼写能力,并要求根据上下文填写其正确形式。 4.空前给出所填词的首字母 这类题也是考查考生的单词记忆和拼写能力,注意填写其正确形式。 二、解题思路 短文填空题型的解题方法主要有以下几种。 1.快速通读全文,掌握短文主旨大意 短文填空首句一般不留空,因此认真阅读短文开头的第一、二句,有利于考生准确地预测和推断短文的主旨大意。通读全文的同时,还要注意一些与空格相关的关键信息。 2.复读短文,依次填入答案 复读短文,需要运用以下思路解决问题。 (1)根据文章的行文逻辑来确定需要填的单词。 (2)根据句子的语法结构确定所填词。比如,名词涉及单复数、所有格;代词涉及主格、宾格、单复数以及物主代词的分类;形容词、副词涉及比较等级;动词涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词等。另外还需兼顾固定搭配和结构。 3.最后,结合所填答案,将文章再通读一到两遍,检查文章是否完整通畅。 重点小练 A I couldn’t understand her(1)______ the next spring.At that time, my father suddenly got sick(2)_______(serious). My mother had to stay with him(3)_____ the hospital(4)_____a month After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day.They were so kind to each other and it seemed they were the (5)_______(happy)couple.After two months, my father still couldn’t walk by(6)________(he).“Dad,how are you feeling now?”I asked him one day.“Susan,don’t worry(7)______ me.”he said,“I just like(8)______(walk) with your Mum.I like this kind(9)______ life.”Reading his eyes,I knew he loves my mother deeply.Now I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life.Love is inside, making life strong and(10)______(warm). (1)______________(2)______________(3)______________ (4)______________(5)______________(6)______________ (7)______________(8)______________(9)_____________ (10)_____________ 【答案】1.until. 【解析】本题考查短语的固定搭配。“not...until...”.,“直到...才” 【答案】2.seriously.【解析】本题考查副词修饰动词。seriously修饰got. 【答案】3.in.【解析】本题考查方位介词，“在医院里”用“in the hospital” 【答案】4.for.【解析】本题考查时间介词，for+一段时间。 【答案】5.happiest.【解析】本题考查最高级的用法，根据句意，“他们是最幸福的夫妻” 【答案】6.himself.【解析】本题考查by加反身代词的用法，句意：“我的父亲仍然不能自己走路。” 【答案】7.about.【解析】本题考查短语的固定搭配，worry about,担心。 【答案】8.walking.【解析】本题考查动词的用法，like doing sth. 【答案】9.of.【解析】本题考查短语的固定搭配，this kind of,这种。 【答案】10.warm【解析】and 连接前后两个词语或短语要一致，“warm”对应“strong”。 B Nowadays more and more people care(11)_______their(12)______(healthy). But what they think about keeping healthy is not quite the same. Here are some tips for us to(13)______ healthy. It’s the(14)______important that we should have a healthy diet. A healthy diet includes a variety of fresh vegetables and fruit,(15)_______ provides nutrients for our body.Such nutrients give us energy and keep our body running. They help build and strengthen bones. A healthy diet can(16)_____(low) the risk of heart trouble and cancer and it will help(17)________(maintain) a healthy weight. Besides nutrition, health experts suggest taking physical(18)______.Regular exercise can make the heart beat (19)______(fast)and the lungs work harder. So more and more people are becoming active in(20)_____(vary) sports and exercise. (11)______________(12)______________(13)______________ (14)______________(15)______________(16)______________ （17）______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)_____________ 【答案】11.about.【解析】本题考查短语的固定搭配。care about,关心，在乎。 【答案】12.health.【解析】本题考查形容词性物主代词后加名词的形式。 【答案】13.keep.【解析】“keep healthy”译为“保持健康” 【答案】14.most.【解析】此处考查最高级的用法,多音节词前面加most。 【答案】15.which.【解析】此处考查非限制性定语从句的用法，做主语，用which。 【答案】16.lower.【解析】“lower”译为降低，此处是变作动词形式，指降低心脏病的风险。. 【答案】17.maintain.【解析】“help sb do sth”译为“帮助某人做某事”。 【答案】18.exercise.【解析】根据句意“健康专家建议多健身”以及后文提到exercise. 【答案】19.faster.【解析】此处考查and并列结构，遵循词性前后一致。 【答案】20.various.【解析】此处考查形容词与名词连用。Various sports,不同的的运动。 好题必测 Some of Robert’s old friends were talking about young people in their town.They all(1)_______ (agree) that old people were(2)________(clever) than young people. Then one of them said, “But young people are stronger than (3)_______people.”All of them agreed that this is true(4)________Robert. He (5)________(think) he was as strong as before. “That is not(6)________(possibly)." said his(7)________(friend).“Well,”said Robert,“In one corner of my garden there (8)______(be)a big stone. When I was young,I couldn’t(9)_______(move) it. I wasn't strong enough. Now I’m old and when I try to move it,I still can’t. That's why I'm as strong(10)______ before.” (1)______________(2)______________(3)______________ (4)______________(5)______________(6)______________ (7) ______________(8)______________(9)______________(10)_____________ 【答案】1.agreed. 【解析】根据前句可看出是过去时态，所以用agreed. 【答案】2.cleverer.【解析】本题考查比较级的用法。句意：“他们认为老年人比年轻人聪明。” 【答案】3.old.【解析】“比较级遵循前后对应”，前面是有young people,后面对应old people. 【答案】4.except.【解析】根据句意：“所有人都认为是对的除了罗伯特。”故用except. 【答案】5.thought.【解析】根据全文时态可知动词要用过去时态。 【答案】6.possible.【解析】本题考查系动词后面加形容词的用法。 【答案】7.friends.【解析】当可数名词出现在句中，前面没有冠词要用其复数形式。 【答案】8.was.【解析】there be结构，存在有，在本文中表示过去有，所以动词用过去时态。 【答案】9.move.【解析】本题考查情态动词后加动词原形。 【答案】10.as.【解析】as...as....和...一样，中间用原级。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！学科网（北京）股份有限公司9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$