Unit 5 Languages Around the World 知识点复习讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

第一部分：词汇 1. 英汉对译 billion based shell dialect tongue semester pants gap CE dynasty calligraphy character subway gas petrol apartment Kean Danish Denmark Arabic FIFA ups and downs factor symbol system bone vocabulary carve affair 2. 会变词形 referreference referredreferring prefer varietyvariousvarydiversity classicclassclassical descriptiondescribe globalglobe specificspecialspecialist relaterelationrelativerelativity begbeggar referreferencereferee majormajority 3. 课本所见 corridor square properly pronunciation clearly entry definition device memory service brush complicated linking adapt era redical overall strongly capitalisation 1). They reflect a concentrated beam of light onto the town's central square, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. 2). A desk dictionary is medium-sized, generally containing over 170, 000 entries as well as extra features. 3). Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 4). I have my car serviced regularly. 5). With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures. 6). Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. 7). Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. 4. 列举掌握 Attitude 1). It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life. 2). I had to change my attitude about their ability and potential. Means 1). By the time these "solutions" become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. 2). Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. 3). It is by no means accidental. point of view He could not put across his point of view to the audience. struggle 1). He struggled to explain what he heard in his head. 2). Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. Base 1). A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. 2). At the base is a rainforest. Native 1). He is a native of Beijing. 2). He is native to Beijing. 3). Beijing is his native town. 5. 重点掌握 refer 1). Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century. 2). For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which Iam often confused to choose from. 3). People refer the man who was afraid of his wife as henpecked. 4). Refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word. Despite 1). Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. 2). Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. 3). China is widely known for its ancient civilisations which continued all the way through into modern times, depite the many ups and downs in its history.(课文原文) date back to 1). It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. 2). The attraction of the cloisters museum and gardens lies in the fact that its collections date from the middle ages. 3). The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published. 4). Then the last thing is about filling in a form with up-to-date personal data. 5). Stonehenge is one of the world's most famous prehistoric monuments dating back over 5, 000 years. 6). Can I go out on a date? 7). She began dating boys when she was sixteen. Major 1). As for driverless cars, what is the author's major concern? 2). Half of all college students change their major at some point. 3). What subject did you major in at university? no matter who, how,what 1). Any dog bite, no matter how small, needs immediate medical attention. 2). Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. 3). And there was plenty of opportunity to do whatever you felt like doing.(不可以换成no matter what) 4). He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome.(可以换成no matter what) regard 1). A youth is to be regarded with respect. 2). Mountains are regarded as spiritual places by many cultures. 3). In secondary school, I'd been a popular student and a highly regarded athlete. 4). We have a great regard for the advanced workers. 5). As regards the war, Haig believed in victory at any price. 6). Regarding these facts, a special committee is to be appointed. 7). Regardless of your choice of course, you'll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively. 8). Please give my regards to your teacher. China's image is improving steadily, with more countries recognizing its role in international affairs. Appreciate 1). Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to judge everything so harshly. 2). It gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. 3). Like me,this woman was here to stop,sigh and appreciate the view. 4). Then I'd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class 5). Only then did I truly begin to appreciate Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times. Equal 1). Many inner-city school teachers are not equal to their jobs. 2). Every year, people in America use energy equal to over 30million barrels of oil each day. 3). I think it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody. 4). In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. 5). Your personal circumstances are equally important. Demand 1). In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990. 2). More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy. 3). Now, a new study suggests getting benefits from exercise doesn't have to be that demanding. 4). I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule. relate to 1). This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. 2). The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people. 3). The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. 4). When your boss or professor sends you out to do man-on-the-street interviews for a story, think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it. 第二部分：短语 set you in a corridor for life 限定了你的生活方式 official language 官方语言 speak as 作为…语言去使用 attitude to(towards) 对什么的态度 do business with Russians 与俄国人做生意 in French 用法语 at the beginning 起初 by the Shang Dynasty 到了商代 by means of 通过什么方式 global affairs 全球事务 connect with 与什么有关联 known as 作为什么而熟知 appreciation of Chinses culture 对中国文化的欣赏 doubled in size 成倍增长 reach the goal 实现目标 I beg your pardon. 对不起 an online forum 网线论坛 have a lot of trouble with 做什么有许多麻烦 catch one’s words 听懂某人的话 get used to 习惯于 make one’s request 提出要求 give a clear description of 清楚地描述 ideas on 关于什么的想法 in any way 以任何方式 aside from 除什么以外 take on a new language 学习一门新的语言 raise one’s voice 提高声音 fall silent 沉默 a demand on 对什么的要求 ask for 要求 be made up of 由什么构成 by group 按组分类 keep pigs 养猪 in alphabetical order 按字母顺序 第三部分：句子 1. Which languages do you think are officially used here? 插入语在句子中主要起否定和疑问的作用。在分析句子成份的时候，可以把他们忽略。 1).Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?(问主语) 2). Why do you think environmental protection is important in America? (问状语) 3). Where do you think you are? (问表语) 4). I don't think we would have randomly invited him over. (起否定) 5). Are you sure you're ready for the best?  (起疑问) 6). I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept assistance from. (肯定形式) 7). I’m not sure which is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 2. Pronouns refer to something mentioned earlier. 注意earlier做时间状语的用法 1). Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch. 2). Sixteen years earlier (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to (cook) a meal. (17浙江语法) 3). We had made our reservation six months 17 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. （earlier） （14广东语法） 4). A few hours___62___, I’d been at home in Hong Kong. (earlier/before) (15全国1语法) 3. Over the years, the system developed into different forms. Over+段时间的用法 1). In order to find the missing child, villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.(完成时) 2). As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term. (将来) 3). Calcium EDTA removes lead from the blood over several days. (一般现在) 4). Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. 5). My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. 6). In Britain,it's not unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast. 7). Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. (一般过去时) 4. The writing system was of great importance. Of+名词表示形容词的功能(of后面的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词) 1). First, I find taking part in the English corner can be of great help in learning English. 2). The far side of the moon is of particular __ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters. (interest) (20年全国I卷) 3). We are of an age.(of one/the same age/different ages). 5. How does written Chinese connect Chinese people today with those of the past. 代词those的用法与that 1). Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. 2). As a retired ear doctor, I heartily recommend TV Ears to people with normal hearing as well as those with hearing loss. 3). The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. 6. It is believed that Chinese calligraphy dates back to at least the Han Dynasty. It is said that 从句 1). It is said that rap (说唱) music was invented by a classical musician in 1912. 2). It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas. 7. The idea developed that calligraphy was not only a beautiful art form but also a civilization of showing the character of the man behind the brush. 名词性从句---主语的同位语 1). However,young people point to the fact that classical music has been outstripped(超越) by technology. 2). The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. 3). We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back. 4). The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here. 8. Add a preposition where necessary. 状语从句的省略 I couldn’t help but love the language.不定式的省略 1). One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. 2). They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible. 3). I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. 4). I have no choice but to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter. 5). The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow.(前有实意动词do，后面省略不定式to) ※一感二听三让四看省略不定式to,被动语态还原to,help半to半不to※ 6). He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others. 7). The next day, my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball. 9. I think it all depends on who you are talking to. 介词宾语从句 1). This type of wait is unusual in that it is for the most part voluntary. 2). That kind of depends on whether you're busy thinking or busy exercising. 3). They focus not on how famous they are but on what they love to do or whatever made them famous in the first place. 4). The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room,think about the color carefully. 5). I had been giving all of my attention to what was going wrong with my life rather than what was right! 6).But at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. 10. 熟词生意 I need a few words to bridge the gap between us. “bridge”的本意是“在什么之间架起桥梁”的意思，这里可以翻译成抚平我们之间的代沟。 I can’t keep all the new vocabulary straight in my head. “straight”副词，“直接地” Egnlish is a crazy language. “crazy”表示“不理智的”、“疯狂的”，显然我们不能把这个句子翻译成“英语是一个疯狂的语言。”，在本文，它表示的是有些时候英语的表达看起来有地不合乎常理，看起来很怪异。所以这个句子我们可以翻译成“英语是一个神奇的语言。” 单句语法填空： 1. There is a sale _______ my favourite shop. (at) 2. That’s what I mean ______ pants.(by) 3. I am talking to someone senior ______ me. (to) 4. Reading those books opened a window _____ me ____ another world.(for/to) 5. It sounds______(beauty). (beautiful) 6. Would you mind_____(repeat)? (repeating) 7. When I listen to native English speakers _____(talk) in a video, I can catch only a few words. (talking) 8. A unified writing system is considered _____(be) an important part of civilised society. (to be) 9. I told my mum that I wanted to give up and______ I would never live in a country where German was spoken.( that) ※有2个以上的陈述句做并列宾语从句时，从第二个宾语从句开始起，所有的连词that都不能省略，必须保留。※ 4 第四部分：语法 定语从句 1). Talk about reasons why people study a foreign language. This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. 2). Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. 3). Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past. Now we have a special offer for 10 days,during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery. 4). The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. I prefer to work in black and white(黑白照), which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly. 5). What are the two pairs of words that the student is confused by? If you see a problem that you care about,you can help solve it. 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Many islands far from the continents should fire the imaginations of adventurers or explorers nowadays. Tristan da Cunha Tristan da Cunha, the southernmost inhabited(有人居住的) island of the British territory(领土) in the southern Atlantic, is located approximately 2,100 km south of the nearest inhabited land, with a coastline of 34 km and a cloud-covered volcanic cone. Spitsbergen Spitsbergen, Norway’s largest island, about 950 km north of the European coast, is covered in snow and ice, with a sizable population of polar bears. Its main settlement, Longyearbyen, sits less than 3.2 km away from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault—a secure facility intended to safeguard the seeds of the world’s food plants in case of a global disaster. Pitcairn Island This small volcanic island, the only inhabited island of the British overseas territory of four islands in the South Pacific, is probably best known as the settlement for the mutineers(叛变者) of the British ship HMS Bounty in 1790. It’s also near one of the world’s largest marine reserves. South Georgia South Georgia, part of the British overseas territory in the south Atlantic, is about 4,790 km west of Cape Town, South Africa. Large quantities of animal life there and around have invited a small number of scientists as the island’s few inhabitants. It’s best known as the final site of the arduous journey made by British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, who first crossed South Georgia Island in 1916. 1. Which of the islands doesn’t belong to England? A. Pitcairn Island. B. South Georgia. C. Tristan da Cunha. D. Spitsbergen. 2. What do the islands mentioned in the passage share? A. They are inhabited with many people. B. They are distant but appealing places. C. They are being safeguarded by scientists. D. They are in the southern part of the Earth. 3. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce some islands to readers. B. To promote the world’s island tourism. C. To draw explorers’ attention to global disasters. D. To illustrate England has many overseas territories. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了四座远离大陆的岛屿。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章Spitsbergen中的介绍“Spitsbergen, Norway’s largest island, about 950 km north of the European coast, is covered in snow and ice, with a sizable population of polar bears. (斯匹次卑尔根岛是挪威最大的岛屿，位于欧洲海岸以北约950公里处，被冰雪覆盖，生活着相当数量的北极熊。)”可知，斯匹次卑尔根岛是挪威最大的岛屿。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Many islands far from the continents should fire the imaginations of adventurers or explorers nowadays. (许多远离大陆的岛屿应该能激发当今冒险家或探险家的想象力。)”可知，这些岛屿都比较远，但是有吸引力。故选B。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章Tristan da Cunha中“Tristan da Cunha, the southernmost inhabited(有人居住的) island of the British territory(领土) in the southern Atlantic, is located approximately 2,100 km south of the nearest inhabited land, with a coastline of 34 km and a cloud-covered volcanic cone. (特里斯坦达库尼亚岛是南大西洋英属领土中最南端的有人居住的岛屿，位于最近的有人居住的土地以南约2100公里处，海岸线长34公里，有一个被云覆盖的火山锥。)” Spitsbergen中“Spitsbergen, Norway’s largest island, about 950 km north of the European coast, is covered in snow and ice, with a sizable population of polar bears. (斯匹次卑尔根岛是挪威最大的岛屿，位于欧洲海岸以北约950公里处，被冰雪覆盖，生活着相当数量的北极熊。)” Pitcairn Island中“This small volcanic island, the only inhabited island of the British overseas territory of four islands in the South Pacific, is probably best known as the settlement for the mutineers(叛变者) of the British ship HMS Bounty in 1790. (这个小小的火山岛是英国在南太平洋四个岛屿的海外领地中唯一有人居住的岛屿，它最出名的可能是1790年英国军舰邦蒂号上的叛变者的定居点。)”以及South Georgia“South Georgia, part of the British overseas territory in the south Atlantic, is about 4,790 km west of Cape Town, South Africa. (南乔治亚岛是英国在南大西洋的海外领地，位于南非开普敦以西约4790公里处。)”可知，本文主要介绍四个岛屿。故选A。 B On August 21, 1911, a plumber(水管工)in the Louvre Museum in Paris noticed a man standing in front of a door, unable to open it because of the missing doorknob(门把). The plumber used his key to open the door for the man, who was dressed in a white uniform of the Louvre’s maintenance staff(维护人员). In fact, the unknown man had something very valuable hidden underneath his uniform: Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa. The security was unbelievably terrible, especially on a painting with the then-insignificant reputation of the Mona Lisa. No one was even aware of the theft(偷窃)until the next day when a painter named Louis Beroud came to copy the painting. An alarm was raised, and police later found the glass box in a service stairway. Days passed, but no evidence was found. Great anger quickly grew and spread among the public and press. But no one could even figure out a motive for the theft. “Why the theft happened is a mystery to me, as I consider the picture valueless in the hands of a private individual,” said the assistant curator(馆长), Monsieur Benedite. Two years of silence followed, and the theft was almost forgotten. Then a man calling himself“Leonardo”contacted Alfredo Geri, an art dealer in Florence, Italy, saying he had the Mona Lisa and meant to return the painting to da Vinci’s homeland. Geri managed to talk“Leonardo”into bringing the painting to Florence, promising him 500, 000 lire for his effort. The police were brought in and“Leonardo”was found to be Vincenzo Peruggia, a house painter, with a little secret ambition in life. After a lengthy trial, Peruggia, for some reason, was only sentenced to one year and 15 days in jail, later reduced to seven months and nine days. Despite different versions of the story in some details, the punishment proved to be a small price to pay for the greatest art theft of the 20th century. 4. Why did the plumber help the thief open the door? A. He just played his part in their plan. B. He cared little about the painting at all. C. He took the man for a common worker. D. He worried about being killed by the thief. 5. What contributed most to the success of the theft? A. The safety measures weren’t strict. B. The police didn’t try their best at all. C. The picture enjoyed significant fame. D. The assistant curator was irresponsible. 6. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A. A further description of the Mona Lisa. B. A reasonable doubt about the theft. C. The process of the thief’s being caught. D. The importance of bringing in the police. 7. What can we learn from the passage? A. Peruggia was slightly punished for the theft. B. People then showed little interest in the theft. C. The theft added to the value of the Mona Lisa. D. The thief paid little money for the Mona Lisa. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是让《蒙娜丽莎》闻名于世的100多年前的一起惊天盗窃案。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段的“The plumber used his key to open the door for the man, who was dressed in a white uniform of the Louvre’s maintenance staff(维护人员).(水管工用钥匙为身穿卢浮宫维修人员白色制服的男子打开了门。)”可知，水管工把这个贼误认为普通员工给他开了门。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The security was unbelievably terrible, especially on a painting with the then-insignificant reputation of the Mona Lisa. No one was even aware of the theft(偷窃)until the next day when a painter named Louis Beroud came to copy the painting.(安保措施令人难以置信地糟糕，尤其是在当时名气不大的《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画上。直到第二天，一位名叫路易斯·贝鲁德的画家来临摹这幅画时，甚至没有人知道盗窃。)”可知，安全措施不严格导致了盗窃的成功。故选A。 【6题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段的“Then a man calling himself “Leonardo” contacted Alfredo Geri, an art dealer in Florence, Italy, saying he had the Mona Lisa and meant to return the painting to da Vinci’s homeland. Geri managed to talk “Leonardo” into bringing the painting to Florence, promising him 500, 000 lire for his effort. The police were brought in and “Leonardo” was found to be Vincenzo Peruggia, a house painter, with a little secret ambition in life.(后来，一名自称“列奥纳多”的男子联系了意大利佛罗伦萨的艺术品经销商阿尔弗雷多·格里，说他有《蒙娜丽莎》，打算把这幅画归还给达·芬奇的故乡。格里设法说服了“列奥纳多”把这幅画带到佛罗伦萨，并承诺给他50万英镑的奖金。警方介入后，发现“列奥纳多”其实是文森佐·佩鲁贾(Vincenzo Peruggia)，一个房屋油漆工，在生活中有一个小小的秘密野心。)”可知，本段主要讲述贼被抓住的过程。故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“After a lengthy trial, Peruggia, for some reason, was only sentenced to one year and 15 days in jail, later reduced to seven months and nine days. Despite different versions of the story in some details, the punishment proved to be a small price to pay for the greatest art theft of the 20th century.(经过漫长的审判，由于某种原因，佩鲁贾只被判处一年零15天的监禁，后来减为7个月零9天。尽管在一些细节上有不同的说法，但事实证明，与20世纪最大的艺术品盗窃案相比，这种惩罚只是一个小小的代价。)”可知，佩鲁贾因偷窃而受到轻微惩罚。故选A。 C On an early winter morning, a small group of students and tourists were taking pictures of the horses with their phones. These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained and they are the fruits of one of the most successful ever wildlife reintroduction plans of Hustai National Park. “Horses are key to our culture. Everyone is glad to have them back,” says Dashpurev with a smile, who is in charge of Hustai National Park. Once hunted to extinction in the wild in the 1960s, Przewalski’s horses now number nearly 1,000, at three sites across Mongolia, as well as in China and Kazakhstan. The largest population — numbering 423 — is in central Mongolia’s Hustai National Park. These horses are descendants (后代) of 84 animals that were airlifted from European zoos in the 1990s. “Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev. Now, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has downgraded Przewalski’s horse from “critically endangered” to “endangered”, marking a significant milestone in their recovery. However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species. Besides hunting, the climate emergency is putting more pressure. Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals. Faced with this crisis, the government has taken actions to protect wild areas. In 1998, Mongolia promised to protect 30% of its territory by 2030 — a goal adopted by 100 other countries in 2021. So far it is on 21%. Last year, the president launched a drive to plant 1 billion trees by 2030 and tough fines have had success in stopping illegal hunting. Yet these efforts are hamstrung (妨碍) by a lack of funding. “The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.” 8. Why are these horses unique according to the passage? A. They are airlifted from European zoos. B. They are successfully introduced species. C. They are the only true wild horse species. D. They can only be photographed in Mongolia. 9. What was the public’s attitude towards saving these horses before the reintroduction? A. Relieved. B. Supportive. C. Uninterested. D. Doubtful. 10. Why is the climate emergency mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. To introduce the reasons for wildlife extinction. B. To explain its influence on wildlife in Mongolia. C. To stress the challenges facing wildlife protection. D. To express the author’s feelings about the extinction. 11. What does Buuveibaatar imply in the last paragraph? A. Hustai National Park provides a positive model. B. The government’s focus should be the economy. C. Other countries can help by following the footsteps. D. The Przewalski’s horse is the only one worth saving. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. C 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蒙古国普氏野马(又称“takhi”)的保护和重引入计划，以及蒙古国在保护野生动物方面所面临的挑战和所采取的措施。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“These horses, known locally as takhi and globally as Przewalski’s horse, are unique. They are the only type that has never been trained (这些马，在当地被称为takhi，在全球被称为普氏野马，是独一无二的。它们是唯一没有受过训练的物种)”可知，这些马独一无二是因为它们是是唯一没有受过训练的物种，是真正的野马种类。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中““Before the reintroduction, no one believed we could save this species,” recalls Dashpurev.(“在重新引入之前，没有人相信我们可以拯救这个物种，”Dashpurev回忆道)”可知，在重新引入这些马之前，公众对此持怀疑态度。故选D项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中心句“However, despite this success story, Mongolia faces numerous challenges in protecting its other species.(然而，尽管有这样的成功故事，蒙古在保护其他物种方面面临着许多挑战)”和“Temperatures are rising three times faster than the global average, bringing more extreme weather events that wipe out large numbers of animals.(气温上升速度是全球平均水平的三倍，带来了更多的极端天气事件，导致大量动物死亡)”可推知，第四段中提及气候紧急情况旨在说明蒙古野生动物保护努力面临的其它挑战。故选C项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The government wants to grow the economy. That’s the key thing for them, so they are putting a lot of effort into agriculture and mining,” says Buuveibaatar, a scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society, “Wildlife is ignored. As a result, some of its conservation areas are paper parks. The Przewalski’s horse reintroduction plan is an example of how to save wildlife. Now, the challenge lies in introducing this success to the rest of the country’s other wildlife.”(野生动物保护协会的科学家Buuveibaatar说：“政府希望发展经济。这对他们来说是关键，所以他们在农业和采矿方面投入了大量精力。野生生物被忽视了。因此，一些保护区只是纸上谈兵。普氏野马重引入计划是拯救野生生物的典范。现在，挑战在于将这种成功模式引入该国其他野生生物的保护中。”)”可知，Buuveibaatar认为普氏野马重引入计划是拯救野生生物的典范，这种成功模式应引入该国其他野生生物的保护中。说明Buuveibaatar认为呼斯坦诺鲁国家公园对普氏野马的保护树立了一个积极的榜样。故选A项。 D Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices. Months before, for its clinical trial, Neuralink called for volunteers aged 22 and above with quadriplegia(四肢瘫痪)due to a brain injury or ALS, a disease that prevents people from controlling their bodies. This clinical trial is called PRIME—for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. The implant procedure employs custom-made microscopic needles. The tip is only 10 to 12 microns in width—slightly larger than the diameter of a red blood cell, which allows threads to be put in with minimal damage to the brain. Neuralink has previously faced different opinions due to accusations(指控)in 2022 and 2023 against the effect the company’s practices produced on monkeys and other animals used in testing. “No monkey has died as a result of a Neuralink implant,” Musk said in response last September, “to reduce risk to healthy monkeys, we chose terminal monkeys.” Research in computers and neurology(神经学)has been going for decades, including the fast growing field of decoding(解码)the brain’s electrical activity around words, impulses and images. Much of the ongoing research has sought to bring people affected by paralysis and blindness new ways of interacting with the world. But implants have also long been seen as having the potential to “enhance” people who aren’t affected by such serious conditions. “Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said. 12. Through brain chip implant test, Neuralink aims____________. A. to reduce people’s control over the outside world B. to call for more people to volunteer in the research C. to cure people of diseases such as quadriplegia and ALS D. to enable people to use modern devices with their minds 13. What does the underlined word “terminal” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Full of energy. B. Close to death. C. Willing to be volunteers. D. Unlikely to be sick. 14. What can be concluded about the Neuralink implant? A. It has been going on for decades. B. It can also benefit healthy people. C. It can make your loved ones happier. D. It is conducted widely across the world. 15. Which of the following is a suitable litle for the text? A. Neuralink Put Implant into a Human Brain B. Neuralink Researched in Computer Technology C Neuralink Helped to Connect Your Beloved Ones D. Neuralink Treated Rare Diseases Just with Needles 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Neuralink has conducted its first surgical test of a brain chip implant(芯片植入), announcing a new step of Elon Musk’s ambitious plan to let humans wirelessly(无线)connect their brains with phones and other devices.”（Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是Elon Musk让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。）可知，Neuralink的目标是让人们能够用思维使用现代设备，故选D。 【13题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第五段“to reduce risk to healthy monkeys,”（为了减少对健康猴子的风险）可知，为了减少对健康猴子的风险，我们选择了临终的猴子。这里的“terminal”应该是指“临终的”，故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Imagine the joy of connecting with your loved ones, surfing the Internet or even playing games using only your thoughts,” Neuralink said.（“想象一下，只用你的思维就能与你的亲人联系，上网或者玩游戏，”Neuralink说。）可知，Neuralink的植入物也可以让健康的人受益，故选B。 15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文以及根据第三段“This clinical trial is called PRIME—for Precise Robotically Implanted Brain-Computer Interface. As the name implies, the process involves using a robot to surgically put the wires of the company’s implant into a part of the brain related to movement. ”（这项临床试验被称为PRIME——精确机器人植入脑机接口。顾名思义，这个过程包括使用机器人将该公司植入物的导线像手术一样植入大脑中与运动相关的部分。）可知，主要讲述了Elon Musk的公司Neuralink进行了首次脑芯片植入手术测试，这是他让人类能够无线连接他们的大脑与手机和其他设备的雄心壮志计划的新步骤。所以短文的标题为“Neuralink植入芯片于人脑”。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 You have worked hard for years to achieve your dream. And you can finally sit back and enjoy the fruits of your efforts. ___16___ You are feeling bad, thinking, “nothing makes me happy.” Here are some possible reasons and solutions. You have a false image of happiness. You actually have your own view of happiness. However, you’re likely to be led to believe that material gains are all that makes happiness, like a big house with grounds and a swimming pool, expensive cars, or a bank account with lots of money. ___17___ TV shows and movies with such a lifestyle often misguide you to spend your hard-earned dollars. You should enjoy the moment, even if you have further to go on the road to success. Happiness comes from your achievement, and the promise of more achievement ahead. You feel envious (嫉妒) When you see someone with a better car, or a better house, it is easy to feel you have failed if you don’t have the same. Your envy may date back to your school years when you didn’t keep up with your peers. In fact, you should remember that you are a success. ___18___ Hang about with less materialistic people, and you will find that you will soon stop thinking about yourself. ___19___ Your inner feeling of inadequacy (不足) may stand in your way to happiness despite your success. You are likely to believe your achievement is not big enough, and you must reach the next goal. This process will just continue, leaving you unsatisfied. So, you should look at things from a different angle. ___20___ In a word, fill yourself with positive thoughts, and happiness will return to your life. A. You are never satisfied. B. Yet happiness still escapes from you. C. You have a negative attitude toward happiness. D. But you can never achieve any more if this situation remains. E. Feel positive and happy with what you have already achieved. F. Look outward and try to make a change to your friendship circle. G. You have been pulled into a world of a different dream beyond yours. 【答案】16. B 17. G 18. F 19. A 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们努力工作，最终实现了梦想，可以坐下来享受劳动成果，但是我们仍然不满足，感觉不到快乐，文章就此分析了我们不快乐的三个可能原因并提出解决方法。 【16题详解】 根据上文“And you can finally sit back and enjoy the fruits of your efforts. (你终于可以坐下来享受你努力的成果了。)”以及下文“You are feeling bad, thinking, ‘nothing makes me happy.’ (你感觉很糟糕，想着:“没有什么能让我开心。”)”可知，空格处应该是与上文相反的情况，说明的是并不快乐。选项B. Yet happiness still escapes from you. (然而幸福仍然离你而去。)能够承上启下。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“However, you’re likely to be led to believe that material gains are all that makes happiness, like a big house with grounds and a swimming pool, expensive cars, or a bank account with lots of money. (然而，你很可能会相信物质上的收获就是幸福的全部，比如有庭院和游泳池的大房子，昂贵的汽车，或者有很多钱的银行账户。)”以及下文“TV shows and movies with such a lifestyle often misguide you to spend your hard-earned dollars. (这种生活方式的电视节目和电影经常误导你花辛苦赚来的钱。)”可知，空格处进一步说明的是与自己原有的世界是不同的。选项G. You have been pulled into a world of a different dream beyond yours. (你被拉进了一个梦外的世界。)能够承上启下。故选G。 【18题详解】 根据上文“In fact, you should remember that you are a success. (事实上，你应该记住你是一个成功者。)”以及下文“Hang about with less materialistic people, and you will find that you will soon stop thinking about yourself. (和不那么看重物质的人待在一起，你会发现你很快就不会再为自己考虑了。)”可知，空格处说明的是积极的行为。选项F. Look outward and try to make a change to your friendship circle. (向外看，试着改变你的朋友圈。)是积极的做法且与下文“Hang about with less materialistic people”相呼应。故选F。 【19题详解】 根据本段内容“Your inner feeling of inadequacy(不足) may stand in your way to happiness despite your success. You are likely to believe your achievement is not big enough, and you must reach the next goal. (尽管你成功了，但你内心的不足感可能会阻碍你走向幸福。你可能会认为你的成就还不够大，你必须达到下一个目标。)”说明的是对自己的不满足。选项A. You are never satisfied. (你永远不会满足。)能够作为本段的主题句。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据上文“You are likely to believe your achievement is not big enough, and you must reach the next goal. This process will just continue, leaving you unsatisfied. So, you should look at things from a different angle. (你可能会认为你的成就还不够大，你必须达到下一个目标。这个过程只会继续下去，让你不满意。所以，你应该从不同的角度看问题。)”可知，下文进一步说明从不同的角度看问题。选项E. Feel positive and happy with what you have already achieved. (对你已经取得的成就感到积极和快乐。)能够承接上文。故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$