Unit 1 Science and Scientists 单词讲解（课件）- 【上好课】2024-2025学年高二英语同步精品课堂（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Words and Expressions 新人教选必二 severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的 be severe on/with 对……严厉 be severe with oneself 严于律己 severely adv.严重地; 严厉地; 严格地 severe weather 恶劣天气 severe winter 寒冬 severe pain 剧痛 severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的 问题、损害、疾病等“严重的” 人对待事情的态度“严重的” 环境或形势等 “严重的” 严重的 严厉的；苛刻的 严峻的；激烈的 严重的 severe 基本义 severe [sɪ'vɪə(r)] adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的; 严厉的 - a severe winter 严冬 - severe competition 激烈的竞争 - a heated/intense discussion 激烈的讨论 - a severe crisis严重的危机 - be severe with oneself 严于律己 -be severely punished受到严厉处罚 - a severely polluted lake 被严重污染的河 dehydration [ˌdiːhaɪ'dreɪʃn] n. 脱水 死于严重脱水 die from severe dehydration dehydrate vt. 使脱水，使干燥; vi.（人体的）脱水，失水 frustrated [frʌˈstreɪtɪd] adj. 懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 feel/be frustrated at/with... 对……感到沮丧/懊恼 frustrated =depressed / down / upset frustrate vt. 挫败；阻止；使沮丧 frustration n. 挫折 frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 A wave of frustration took hold of / seized him completely. He was overwhelmed/overcome with a wave of frustration. Lily sat in his empty shop feeling extremely ____________ (frustrate). frustrated once and for all 最终地; 彻底地 all相关短语： all in all 总而言之 after all 毕竟 first of all 首先 above all 最重要的是 once相关短语： at once 立刻，马上 once and again 一而再，再三 all at once 突然；同时 同义词：completely/entirely/totally/thoroughly We have to tackle the difficult problem once and for all. contradictory [ˌkɒntrə'dɪktəri] adj. 相互矛盾的; 对立的 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾、相反 contradict v. 反驳; 与……相矛盾 contradiction n. 抵触; 矛盾; 矛盾的说法 His remark was contradictory to the truth. two contradictory theories infection [ɪn'fekʃn] n. 感染;传染 be infected with/by 感染上……, 传染上…… infect v. 传染; 使感染, 使感染(某种感情); 影响 infectious adj. 传染性的 infected adj. 感染的 Surgeons wear masks to prevent the spread of infection. Measles is a highly infectious disease that causes deaths, but is fully preventable by vaccination. infection [ɪn'fekʃn] n. 感染;传染 ① We shouldn’t look down upon people (infect) with HIV. ② Exactly which bacteria cause the (infect) is still unknown. ③ Every year, there are people unlucky enough to be infected the flu. ④ This new (infect) disease has caused many deaths all over the world. ⑤ People should take protective measures before going out to . 人们在出门前应该做好防护措施以防止感染。 infected infection with infectious prevent infection virus [ˈvaɪrəs] n. 病毒 go viral 疯狂传播,走红 viral adj. 病毒性的 subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) subscribe to　同意，赞同；订购；订阅；捐助 an annual subscription 一年期订阅 take out a subscription to Newsweek 订阅《新闻周刊》 subscriber  n. 订阅人；定期捐款者；消费者 subscription  n. 订阅；订阅费；定期捐款 1. I subscribed to several magazines. 2. We subscribe to several sports channels on TV. 3. We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation. subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. I subscribe to Reader’s Digest magazine. ________ 2. We subscribe to an animal protection society. ________ 3. Each employee may subscribe for up to $2,00 worth of shares. ________ 4. We no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. ________ 订阅 认购（股份） 定期捐款 同意 / 赞成 subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费) ① Some even offer a (subscribe) service with quarterly or even monthly updates. ② Many companies (subscribe) generously to the football club so far. ③ Write away now for the free album offered to every new (subscribe). ④ He the view that children benefit from being independent. 他赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。 subscription have subscribed subscriber subscribes to multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 multi- 前缀 “多种”： multimedia 多媒体/多媒体的 multinational 多国的 multifunctional 多功能的 multicultural 多元文化的 multiply v.大大增加/倍增；乘；繁殖 If you multiply 7 by 3, you get 21. 三七二十一 。 multiple ['mʌltɪpl] adj. 数量多的; 多种多样的 前缀 multi- 前缀 multi- 可加在单词前构成新词，其含义是 “多的”“多倍的”。 例如：multiple 多个的 multi-cultural 多元文化的 multimedia 多媒体 写出下列句子中画线词的汉语释义。 1. Multifunctional furniture can be used for guests to sleep. ________ 2. The one-time farmer is now the servant of some multi-national organisation. ________ 3. The bottom of the ocean is full of various and multicoloured coral（珊瑚）. ________ 4. The research indicates that people who multitask have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time. ________ 多功能的 多国的 同时处理多项任务 多彩的 / 五彩斑斓的 household ['haʊshəʊld] n.一家人;家庭 adj.家用的;家喻户晓的 household expenses / products 家庭开支/家用产品 household/domestic chores家务活 a household name一个家喻户晓的名字 household appliances家用电器 suspect [səˈspekt] v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象 (1) suspect that... 怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) suspect sb. to be... 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (2) a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯 the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人 suspicion n.怀疑 suspicious adj. 怀疑的；不信任的 = doubtful/skeptical / sceptical suspect [səˈspekt] v. 疑有, 怀疑 n.嫌疑犯; 嫌疑分子; 可疑对象 ① We suspected the officer having a hand in the affair. ② Judging from his abnormal behaviour, I suspected him (be) a thief. ③ The police carrying drugs so they went through his bag, but found nothing. 警察怀疑他携带毒品，因此搜查了他的包，但什么也没发现。 of to be suspected him of blame [bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责 (1) be to blame (for sth.) 该(为……)受责备；应该(为……)负责 blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事责备某人 be blamed for 因……受谴责/责备 (2) accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任 lay/put the blame on 把责任归咎于…… blame [bleɪm] vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责 ① The failure of the experiment cannot be blamed him alone. ② Mary, rather than you, is (blame) for not finishing the work on time. ③ She blamed her husband the failure of their marriage. ④ (blame) by the teacher, Mary was pulling a long face. ⑤ Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and the alarm clock. 很多人发现早上起床很困难，并将责任归咎于闹钟。 on to blame for Blamed put the blame on handle [ˈhændl] n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵 get / have a handle on 弄懂，理解，搞明白 处理= solve/tackle/do with/deal with/cope with/ address / process / approach/dispose of /attend to turn the handle the handle of a knife handle [ˈhændl] n. 把手; 拉手; 柄 v. 处理; 搬动; 操纵 写出下列句中handle的含义 ①How to handle the machine is a puzzle to all the people there. ______ ②He turned the handle and closed the door. ______ ③They handle the problem once and for all. ______ 操纵 把手 处理 把手；柄 处理；应付 （ “掌”握局势、人、工作或情感） （用手）触；碰；拿 （词源义） 操纵；驾驭 （用“手”接触车辆、动物、工具等以控制） 1. 说实话，我有信心能解决这一难题。 高考链接：一句多译 Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can solve the difficulty. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can settle the difficulty. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can resolve the difficulty. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can work out the difficulty. 2. 说实话，我有信心能处理这个问题。 Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can handle the problem. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can deal with the problem. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can approach the problem. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can address the problem. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can manage the problem. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can cope with the problem. Frankly / Honestly speaking, I’m confident that I can tackle the problem. intervention [ˌɪntə'venʃn] n.介入; 出面; 干涉 armed / military intervention 武装/军事干涉 intervene in 干预,干涉 intervene v.干预/涉；调解 link [lɪŋk] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联 (1) a link between...(and...) ……(和……)之间的连接(联系) (2) link A to/with B 将A与B联系/连接起来 link up (with sb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接，结合 be linked to/with... 与……有联系/有关 1. A chain is no stronger than its weakest link. 2. The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. link [lɪŋk] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联 连接人和人、物和物的“环；节” 链状物上连接在一起的“环；节” 连接交通、沟通的“环；节” 连接互联网的“环；节” 环节 环；节 link （基本义） n v 联系；关联 （交通、沟通的）连接线 （互联网的）链接 连接；联系 link [lɪŋk] n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把…连接起来；相关联 ① Police suspected there may be a link the two murders. ② The video cameras (link) to a powerful computer. ③ The Channel Tunnel links Britain the rest of Europe. ④ The space shuttle will link up the space station this afternoon. ⑤ There is convincing proof that skin cancer exposure to the sun. 有充分的证据表明皮肤癌和阳光暴晒有关系。 between are linked with/to with is linked to raw [rɔː] adj. 未煮/生的; 未经处理的/原始的 rare五分熟的 - raw vegetables / meat 生的蔬菜/生肉 - raw materials / waste 原材料/未被处理的废弃物原材料 raw meat cooked meat pure [pjʊə(r)] adj.干净的; 纯的; 纯粹的 pure gold / English 纯金/纯正的英语 by pure chance 纯属偶然 bottled purified water purify v. 使洁净，净化 substantial [səb'stænʃl] adj.大量的;价值巨大;牢固的;实质性的 substantial =considerable/numerous ; 价值巨大的; 重大的 证据确凿 substantial proof 大幅度的/戏剧性的/急剧的变化/减少 a substantial/dramatic/sharp change / decrease substance n. 物质;材料;实质 decrease [dɪ'kriːs] v.减少; 减小; 降低 n.减少; 降低: 减少量 decrease同义词: reduce/decline / go down / fall / drop /shrink (1) decrease to... 减少到…… decrease by...减少了…… decrease from...to... 从……减少到…… (2) on the decrease 正在减少 increase v. 增加 = rise / go up / grow / surge / skyrocket/boom/swell 1. These measures will help decrease the cost of production. 2. There is a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum. decrease [dɪ'kriːs] v.减少; 减小; 降低 n.减少; 降低: 减少量 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1. The number of independent firms decreased ________ 198 ________ 96. 2. There has been a steady decrease ________ the number of visitors. 3. The price of wheat has decreased ________ 5%. 4. The __________ (decrease) numbers of fish make fishing much more difficult. to from in by decreasing thanks to 幸亏；由于 表示“由于”的短语还有： on account of　= owing to　= due to because of　= as a result of = as a consequence of ① Thanks the correct leadership of the Party, China has entered a stage of rapid development. ② The town was cut off from the rest of the world because the heavy snow. ③ your help, we finished the work in time. 由于你的帮助，我们及时完成了工作。 to of Thanks to/Because of/ Owing to... transform [trænsˈfɔːm] vi.&vt. 改变，转变；使改变 trans- transfer转移 transmit传输/导/染 transport运输 transplant移植 translate翻译 transform A into B 把A变成B transform into 转变成；转化成；改造为 be transformed from A into B 由A变成B transformation  n.  改变、转化(不可数); 具体变化(可数) transformable  adj. 可变形的；可变化的 transformer  n.  促使改变的人或物；变压器 transform [trænsˈfɔːm] vi.&vt. 改变，转变；使改变 ① The way in which we work has undergone a complete (transform) in the past decade. ② The movie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl a superstar. ③ “Made in China 2025” initiative aims to a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power. “中国制造2025”旨在把中国从制造业大国转变成世界制造业强国。 transformation into transform China from thinking [ˈθɪŋkɪŋ] n. 思想; 思维; 见解 comes up with new thoughts 提出新的想法 on second thoughts经重新斟酌 at the thought of 一想到…… critical thinking 批判性思维 thought n. 思想；关心；想法；思考 initial [ɪ'nɪʃl] adj.最初的; 开始的;第一的 最初的=original / first / previous at / in the initial stages of something 在某事物的初始阶段 the initial letter of a word 单词的首字母 initially adv.开始; 最初 initiative n. 倡议; 新方案 vaccine ['væksiːn] n. 疫苗 接种新冠疫苗get/receive a Covid-19 vaccine vaccinate v. 给……接种疫苗 solid ['sɒlɪd] adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 n. 固体 solid evidence确凿证据 a solid foundation 坚实的基础 solid fuel/food固体燃料/食物 a solid ball 实心球 liquid : adj.液体的, 液态的 n.液体 gas 气体 solid ['sɒlɪd] adj.可靠的,固体的,坚实的 n. 固体 1. Solids turn to liquids at certain temperatures. ___________ 2. He did not eat solid food for several weeks. ___________ 3. A tennis ball is hollow（空心的）, but a base ball is solid. ___________ 4. If your race car isn’t insured（投保）, you may risk losing everything when it hits something solid. ___________ 5. The research lacks solid evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.（2012 浙江） ___________ 6. The taps appeared to be made of solid gold. ___________ 固体 固体的 实心的 坚硬的 可靠的 纯金 cast [kɑːst] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容) cast a glimpse/ɡlɪmps/ of 一瞥 cast light on 使……清楚;使人了解 cast doubt on 质疑;引起对……的怀疑 cast a shadow over 给……投下阴影 cast/run an eye/one’s eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥(或扫)；匆匆查看；粗略地看一看 cast/shed/throw light on sth. 使(问题等)较容易理解 be cast down (by sth.) (因某事)沮丧，不愉快 cast [kɑːst] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容) “扔、投”具体的某物到某处 投；扔；抛；撒；掷 投；抛 n 扔、投 cast v （基本义） “扔、投”光线、视线于某物 把演员“扔、投”到舞台上 把选票“扔、投”给某人 投射（光、影、视线等） 为（戏剧、角色）选派演员 投票 全体演员 cast [kɑːst] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容) 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. Again she cast a look toward the window. ______ 2. The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. ________ 3. The site where Zhang Xianzhong cast lumps（块）of pure silver is being dug. ________ 4. To qualify, candidates must get at least 10% of the votes cast. ________ 投射（视线） 挑选演员 扔 投票 cast [kɑːst] v.投掷;投射(光/影子);向……投以(视线/笑容) ① Anyone would be cast by such news as that. ② The moon (cast) bright light over the garden when I saw through the window. ③ Those clouds would have that would have blocked some sunlight out. 那些云朵原本会投射出阴影，挡住一些太阳光。 down cast cast shadows shadow ['ʃædəʊ] n. 影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈 v.投阴影于…… cast a shadow on... 在某处投下/留下影子; 给...蒙上阴影 shadow play 皮影戏 shadows under sb.’s eyes 某人的黑眼圈 in/under the shadow of被...的光彩所掩盖 shadow ['ʃædəʊ] n. 影子；阴影/阴暗处；黑眼圈 v.投阴影于…… 写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. The children were having fun, chasing each other’s shadows. ________ 2. He didn’t want to cast a shadow on their happiness. ________ 3. I thought I saw a figure standing in the shadows. ________ 4. Kate grew up in the shadow of her film star sister. ________ 影子 给……蒙上一层阴影 在阴暗处 在……的阴影下 pour [pɔː(r)] v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料) pour out 倒出；倾吐/诉说(思想/感情/经历) pour down 流下；(雨)倾盆而下； rain/pour cats and dogs下倾盆大雨 pour into/in 涌进 流泪： tears pour/ roll/run/ stream/ flow down one’s cheek pour [pɔː(r)] v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料) “倒”液体 持续“倒”出（液体、烟、光等） 倒；注；灌 （水等）不断流出；（烟等）被吐出 “倒”出大量的人或物 不断涌向 / 涌现 雨水被“倒”出来 （雨）倾盆而下 倒 pour 基本义 pour [pɔː(r)] v.倒出; 倾泻; 斟(饮料) 1. Pour the oil into a frying pan. ________ 2. I felt a sharp pain and looked down to see blood pouring from my leg. ________ 3. I was standing in the pouring rain for an hour waiting for my bus. ________ 4. Offers of help poured in from all over the country. ________ 5. Light was pouring into the yard. ________ 涌出 倾盆大雨 倒 纷纷伸出援助之手 倾泄 patriotic [ˌpeɪtri'ɒtɪk] adj. 爱国的 a great patriotic poet 爱国诗人 patriotic youth爱国青年 patriotism n. 爱国主义；爱国精神 patriot n.爱国者 break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 break down出故障;失败;垮掉;分解 break in破门而入;打断(谈话等) break into强行闯入;突然……起来 break away from脱离;挣脱 break up打碎;分裂;解体 break through突破 break out, happen, occur, take place 等动词(短词)表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，不用于被动语态。 break-broke-broken defend [dɪ'fend] v.保卫; 防守; 辩解 defend...from/against保护…免受;防御 defend oneself为自己辩护;自卫 in defence of为了保卫;为……辩护 defend our motherland 保卫祖国 defend against enemies 抵御外敌 with a defensive look带着防卫的表情 defence n.防御;保卫 defensive adj.防御的，戒备的；防守的；百般辩解的 defend [dɪ'fend] v.保卫; 防守; 辩解 防护；防御；保卫 defend 防护 （基本义） 武力“防护” 为……辩护；为……辩解 （比赛中）防守；防卫 比赛中“防护” 言语“防护” defend [dɪ'fend] v.保卫; 防守; 辩解 ① Some people think that students should be trained to defend themselves some attacks. ② When the dog attacked the boy, he defended (he) with a stick. ③ He has employed one of the UK's top lawyers (defend) him. ④ All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in (defend) of their own homes. ⑤ The dam was built to away by the sea. 建筑这座堤坝是为了保护公路不被海水冲垮。 against/from himself to defend defence defend the road from being washed assistant [ə'sɪstənt] n.助理; 助手 (1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助某人某事 assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事 (2)come to one's assistance 援助某人 be of assistance to sb. 有助于某人 with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下 assistance n.帮助，援助 assist v.帮助 in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动） (1) take charge of 掌管/负责…… in the charge of 受……的管理；由……负责 free of charge＝for free 免费 (2) charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事 in charge of多以人作主语,指“某人负责/主管某事”;in the charge of 多以物作主语,指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有:in possession of,in the possession of;in control of,in the control of。 charge v. 收费；要价；控告；充电 in charge of 主管；掌管（表主动） ① As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t charge you delivery. ② The police charged the thief stealing the jewels. ③ A series of activities related to study and sports are the charge of the students in the English Department. ④ We all hope you will the organization of the school art festival. 我们都希望你负责这次校园艺术节的组织工作。 for with in be in charge of/take charge of leadership [ˈliːdəʃɪp] n.领导地位；领导才能 under sb.’s leadership = under the leadership of sb. 在某人的领导下 lead a ...life 过着...生活 lead the way 带路 lead to 导致；造成；通向 membership、friednship、hardship championship n. 锦标赛；冠军ownership n. 所有权，物主身份 scholarship 奖学金 leader n.领袖；领导者 lead v.带路；领导/带领 n. 铅 leading adj. 领导的；主要的 trace [treɪs] v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 n. 痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹 trace sth. (back) (to sth.) 追溯(某物到……) trace your ancestry/origins/roots 追溯你的血统/起源/根源 trace the history of sth. 追溯……的历史 1. He traces his descent back to an old Norman family. 2. The police traced the call to her ex­husband’s number. 3. It’s exciting to discover traces of earlier civilizations. trace [treɪs] v.追溯; 追踪; 查出 n. 痕迹; 遗迹; 踪迹 ① His father claims to be able to trace the family back many centuries ago. ② These quotations cannot readily (trace) to their sources. ③ The police have detected trace of the murderer after several days of investigation. ④ His fear of dogs can a childhood experience. 他对狗的恐惧可追溯到他童年时的一次经历。 to be traced the be traced back to outstanding [aʊt'stændɪŋ] adj.优秀的; 杰出的; 明显的 杰出的 splendid/remarkable/exceptional/splendid/superb/brilliant outstanding performance/achievement an outstanding figure 杰出人才 明显的=apparent / evident / distinct / clear stand out 突出；站出来；杰出 gifted [ˈgɪftɪd] adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的 =talented be gifted in ...　 在……方面有天赋　 be gifted with... 天生具备…… have a gift/talent for... 有……的天赋 show a talent for 显示出…天赋 gift n.礼物;天赋 come down 患(病)；染上(小病) come up with 提及；讨论；想出 come down 下来；降落 come about 发生 come to 总共，合计；苏醒 come across 偶然遇见，碰见；发现 come out (太阳等天体)出现；开花；出版，发行；为人所知 come into being 形成，产生 come down 患(病)；染上(小病) ① Little Thomas chicken pox at the weekend. 小托马斯周末感染了水痘。 ② I a group of children playing in the street. 在街上我碰到一群正在玩耍的小孩。 ③ New stars continued to from the gas clouds of the disk. 新的恒星继续从圆盘中的气体云中形成。 ④ Several of the members have suggestions of their own. 有几位成员提出了自己的建议。 ⑤ Can you tell me how the accident ? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ came down with came across come into being come up with came about steady [ˈstedi] adj.稳定的; 平稳的; 稳步的 make steady progress 稳步进展 at a steady pace 以稳定的速度 a steady income/ job 稳定的收入/工作 a secure job铁饭碗 steadily adv.稳定地; 坚定地; 坚固地 fault [fɔːlt] n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障 be one’s fault 是某人的过错 be at fault 有过错；有责任 find fault with 挑剔，挑……的毛病 faultless adj 无错误的；完美无缺的 (perfect) faulty adj 有错误的；有缺陷的=imperfect 1. The police arrived at the scene and concluded that the driver was at fault. 2. You are too ready to find fault with other people. 3. Why should I say sorry when it’s not my fault? fault [fɔːlt] n.[U]责任；过失；过错 [C] 缺点；缺陷；故障 一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。 1. He has many faults, but dishonesty isn’t one of them. __________ 2. There is a fault in the electrical system. __________ 3. She believes it was the doctor’s fault that the patient died. __________ 二、根据所给提示，用适当的词块完成下列句子。 1. He is such a man who is always __________________（挑剔）other people. 2. “I don’t think ______________（是我的过错）that the TV blew up. I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy. 3. Parents are ___________（有责任）for the change in their children. 缺点 故障 过错 / 责任 it’s my fault finding fault with at fault shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变; 转换; 轮班 v.转移; 挪动; 转向 - a shift in the wind 风向有变 - the shift key (计算机)转换键 - be on the day / night shift 值白/夜班 - shift work 轮班工作 - shift the furniture 搬家具 - shift the media’s attention 转移媒体的注意力 shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变; 转换; 轮班 v.转移; 挪动; 转向 转移 shift （基本义） “转移”物体 “转移”想法或态度等 （使）转移；（使）移动 （使）改变 转移；转换 班；轮班 （计算机）转换（键） n v shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变; 转换; 轮班 v.转移; 挪动; 转向 根据句意，写出画线部分的汉语意思。 1. Within four hours of my first shift, I had angry customers who complained how slow I was.（2012 湖南） ___________ 2. The 21st century has been seeing a gradual shift of people from the country to the town. ___________ 3. You must press the shift key before entering each letter. ___________ 4. Someone has shifted my bicycle and I can’t find it. ___________ 5. Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.（2019 江苏） ___________ 6. Public attitudes towards the Internet have shifted over the past 50 years. ___________ 轮班 转移 转换键 （使）移动 （使）转移 改变 否定前缀 学习词汇时，除了借助近义词来学习词汇，也可以通过反义词来帮助学习和理解词汇。反义词产生的一个主要途径就是加否定前缀。英语中有很多否定前缀，如 un-, in-, dis-, mis-, non- 等等。 usual（平常的）→ unusual（不寻常的） correct（正确的）→ incorrect（不正确的） appear（出现） → disappear（消失） understand（理解）→ misunderstand（误解） smoker（吸烟者）→ nonsmoker（不抽烟的人） 请给下列单词加上表示否定意义的前缀，并写出其汉语释义。 aware → ___________ ________________________ legal → ___________ ________________________ moral → ___________ ________________________ sense → ___________ ________________________ agree → ___________ ________________________ stop → ___________ ________________________ relevant → ___________ ________________________ advantage → ___________ ________________________ like → ___________ ________________________ appropriate → ___________ ________________________ social → ___________ ________________________ unaware illegal immoral nonsense disagree inappropriate non-stop disadvantage irrelevant dislike antisocial 未察觉到的 / 未意识到的 不合法的；违法的 不道德的；道德败坏的 胡说；废话 不同意；持不同意见 不停的；连续不断的 不相关的；无关紧要的 不利（条件）；劣势 不喜欢；厌恶 不适当的；不合适的 反社会的；危害社会的 1.__________ adj. 极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的→______________adv.严重地 2.______________ adj. 沮丧的→______________ adj. 令人沮丧的 →___________v. 挫败，使灰心→_____________n.挫败，沮丧 3.__________________adj. 相互矛盾的→______________v. 与…相矛盾 →_______________n.不一致 be contradictory to… 与……矛盾/相反 4. ______________v. 使感染;传染→______________n.感染 →______________ adj. 有传染性的→______________ adj. 受感染的 5.______________ vi.认购(股份); 定期订购; 定期捐助 →______________ n. 订阅人 subscribe to 赞成; 定期订阅; 定期捐助 6.　　　　　 n.证据→　　　　　 vt.证明  【复】proofs -proof 作为后缀 ：防..的 waterproof 防水的 bulletproof 防弹的 windproof 防风的 severe severely frustrated frustrating frustrate frustration contradictory contradict infect infection infected infection contradiction subscribe subscriber proof prove 7._____________ adj. 数量多的→______________v.乘 ;倍增 8. pump n. 泵 v.（用泵）抽出 9. household n.一家人 adj.家用的 household appliances 家用电器 10.suspect [sə'spekt] v.怀疑 ['sʌspekt] n.[C]犯罪嫌疑人 →_____________ adj.可疑的 /səˈspɪʃəs/ suspect sb. of doing sth. 怀疑某人做过某事 11.blame v.把…归咎于...; 责怪 n.责任; 责备 12.handle n.把手 ； v.处理；操作 13.________________ n.干预→______________v.干预 14.____________ n.[C]纽带; 链接& v.把...连接起来 15.____________ adj. 生的；未经处理的 raw material 原料 16.____________ adj.干净的；纯的 →______________v.净化/ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/ multiple multiply suspicious intervention intervene link raw pure purify 17.____________n.减少 v.减少 ；降低 【同】reduce v./rɪˈdjuːs/； drop； fall 【反】 increase v. 增加 18.thanks to +好原因 幸亏；因为【同】：due to ； as a result of ；because of 19.____________ vt.使改观 vi.转变→ ________________ n.转化；改变 transport n.运输； translate v. 翻译 transmit v. 传输 20.________________ n.显微镜→______________v.望远镜→______________ n.微波炉 21.creative thinking 创造性思维； critical thinking 批判性思维 22. epidemiology n.流行病学 epidemics /,epi'demiks/ n.流行病； 23._____________ n.[C]病毒→___________adj. 病毒性的 go viral 走红 24._____________adj.最初的；开始的 n.首字母→___________adv.最初 25._________ adj.固体的,坚实的 & n.[C]固体→__________adj.液体的 n.液体/ˈlɪkwɪd/ transfrom transfromation microscope telescope microwave virus viral initial initially solid liquid decrease 26.___________ n.混凝土；adj. 具体的→______________adv.具体地 27.____________adj.爱国的→______________n.爱国主义 /ˈpætriətɪzəm/ 30.　　　　　 vt.保卫;防守;辩解→　　　 　　 n.防御;保卫  32.　　　　　 n.助理;售货员→　　　　　 vt.帮助→　　　　　 n.帮助 33.　　　　　 adj.有天赋的→　　　 n.礼物;天赋  34.　　　　　adj.抽象的 n.摘要 【反】concrete具体的) 35.　　　　　 adj.稳定的;平稳的;稳步的→　　　　　 adv.平稳地;持续地 39.　　　　 　 n.天文学家→　　　　　　n.天文学→ n.宇航员/ˈæstrənɔːt/ 40._____________ adv.此外 【同】 furthermore, moreover, what’s more, in addition, 43._____________ n.改变；轮班 v.转移 the day/night shift 白班 /夜班 44.　　　　　 adj.生动的;鲜明的;丰富的→　　　　　 adv.生动地    concrete concretely patriotic patriotism defend defense/defence assistant assist assistance gifted gift abstract steady steadily astronomer astronomy astronaut besides fault shift vivid vividly Unit 1 Thank You ! Words and Expressions 新人教选必二 $$