Unit 5 课时作业(8)(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版2019）

课时作业(八) (限时：40分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 On Saturday 24 August 1918, it was raining cats and dogs and thundering over a city called Sunderland on the northeast coast of England.The storm lasted for only about ten minutes.People were surprised to see that it was not just rainwater falling from the sky.There were fish falling down, too! People came out to find out what was happening.They could not believe their own eyes.There were thousands of fish—sand eels—lying on the ground.They were about seven centimeters long, and all were frozen solid. Sand eels swim together in large groups, often in sandy water, and are often found in large numbers in the North Sea, which reaches out to the east of Sunderland.How was it possible for these sand eels to fall from the sky and land on Sunderland? Scientists believed the heavy thunderstorm that afternoon may have caused a waterspout.Waterspouts can be formed when strong winds move quickly in a circle over water.They are so powerful; anything less than one meter in length can be taken into them and forced into the clouds.The clouds carry whatever has been taken into them for long distances—sometimes over 150 kilometers.It's very cold up there and everything soon freezes solid. For hundreds of years there have been reports of small animals being taken into the sky through waterspouts.In 2009, dead tadpoles rained down on the city of Nanao in Japan.In 2012, fifty kilos of prawns(对虾) fell from the sky over Sri Lanka.In 2017, fish fell on the coastal city of Tampico in Mexico. It must be a very strange experience to see fish raining down on you.It would probably hurt if one fell on your head! With climate change, global warming and many reports of terrible natural disasters, will the time ever come when it may really begin to rain cats and dogs? 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自然/自然灾害与防范。本文为说明文，介绍了一种名为“水龙卷”的自然现象——会将任何长度小于一米的物质带到很远的地方。 1．What was the rain like on 24 August 1918? A．It was very heavy. B．It fell around England. C．It lasted quite a long time. D．It caused many human deaths. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，1918年8月24日的雨下得很大。rain cats and dogs表示“倾盆大雨”，故选A项。 2．What do we know about the sand eels that landed on Sunderland? A．They were few in number. B．They came in different sizes. C．They were still alive when landing. D．They probably came from the North Sea. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，降落在桑德兰的沙鳗可能来自北海，故选D项。 3．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Clouds.　　　　 B．Waterspouts. C．Strong winds. D．The waters of the sea. 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。画线词上文描写“水龙卷”的形成，them指代“水龙卷”，故选B项。 4．In the end，what does the author probably care most about? A．Our health. B．Our environment. C．The wild animals. D．The news reports. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据末段最后一句可推知，作者最关心的可能是我们的环境，故选B项。 During the annual political sessions, environmental protection was definitely among the biggest concerns.Actually, it was also an issue that ancient Chinese paid great attention to.In fact, the world's earliest environmental protection concept, ministry and laws were all born in China.So how did the ancient Chinese protect the environment? In early ancient China, environmental protection was promoted to the political level.Xunzi, a famous thinker in Warring States Period, brought up the concept of “managing state affairs through environmental protection”．He stated in his book that vegetation should not be damaged at will.Guan Zhong, an official 400 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert.During his term of office, he claimed that “a king who cannot protect his vegetation is not qualified to be a king.” According to a record in Qing dynasty, the environmental protection ministry in early ancient China was called “Yu”， standing both for the institution and the official title.Although most of its functions were similar to such ministries today, the administration range of it was much larger, including the mountains, forests, rivers, lakes and so on. The nine ministries established by Shun, an ancient Chinese emperor, already included “Yu”， the environmental protection ministry.The first “Yu” official was a man called Boyi, who was indeed an environmental protection expert.He was a capable assistant to Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert.He invented wells, protecting people's drinking water from pollution.He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection. Environmental protection laws dated back to the ruling period of Dayu, which was more than 4,000 years ago.During his rule, he issued a ban, forbidding people to cut down wood in March or catch fish in June, the time when they were supposed to boom. In Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period almost 3,000 years ago, “environmental protection laws” appeared in its true sense in Qin, which was recorded in Law of Fields and regarded as China's earliest “environmental protection laws”． 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自然/环境保护。本文为说明文，介绍了中国古代对环保的重视以及各朝代政府设立的环境保护部门。 5．What can we know about Xunzi? A．He was against any destruction of vegetate on. B．He was an environmental protection expert. C．He removed the disqualified king from the position. D．He brought up the thought of environmental protection. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，管仲——比荀子早400年的官员，也是一位环境保护专家，故选B项。 6．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The ministry of Yu. B．The Qing dynasty. C．The term of office of Yu. D．The modern environmental ministry. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。第三段主要介绍的是清代的环保部门，即“虞”，虽然虞的大部分职能与今天的部门类似，但虞的行政范围要大得多，故it指的是The ministry of Yu，故选A项。 7．Who was the first environmental protection minister in ancient China? A．Shun.　　　　 B．Boyi. C．Xunzi. D．Guan Zhong. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，中国古代第一任环保部长是伯益，故选B项。 8．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．Politics and Environment B．The Earliest Environmental Laws C．Dayu—a Great Environmental Protector D．How the Ancient Chinese Protect the Environment 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。本文介绍了中国古代对环保的重视以及各朝代政府设立的环境保护部门，故选D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 One day, a boy was playing in a garden.He was running after butterflies and trying to catch them.He was very 　1　 to see the colorful flowers, too.Then he saw a frog skipping and 　2　.As he ran behind the frog, it went into the pond.A cow was eating grass in the garden.The boy was enjoying the beauty of nature.He said, “Nature is 　3　.Its beauty attracts everyone.” When he saw a squirrel, he ran after it and 　4　 near the bed of roses.He tried to pick some of the roses, but a thorn(刺) 　5　 his finger.It was very painful.The boy started 　6　 and ran to his mother who was in the 　7　. His mother asked him, “What is the matter？” The boy said, “The thorn of the rose pierced(刺破) my finger while I was picking it and now I feel 　8　 pain.” His mother said, “That was your 　9　.You should not have tried to pick the flower.The flowers are meant to be 　10　 and not to be picked.Besides, natural beauty should never be 　11　.We should help to protect nature.” The son said, “I will 　12　 remember what you have just told me, Mom.” The Mother said, “Let me know what you have 　13　 today.” Her son explained, “We should protect 　14　 living beings, whether animals or plants.We should never harm them.We should not harm nature.　15　 we do, it may harm us in the long run, too.” 1．A.angry B．bored C．worried D．happy 2．A.falling B．flying C．jumping D．running 3．A.friendly B．wonderful C．different D．boring 4．A.reached B．appeared C．existed D．drove 5．A.cost B．changed C．hurt D．caught 6．A.checking B．walking C．shaking D．crying 7．A.hospital B．office C．house D．school 8．A.great B．strange C．common D．new 9．A.choice B．surprise C．place D．mistake 10．A.watered B．planted C．seen D．borrowed 11．A.improved B．harmed C．reduced D．forgotten 12．A.always B．never C．sometimes D．hardly 13．A.liked B．given C．learnt D．watched 14．A.no B．few C．some D．all 15．A.If B．Though C．Still D．So 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自然/自然生态。本文为记叙文。一个小男孩儿去摘玫瑰，结果被玫瑰的刺弄伤了，他母亲告诉他，不要破坏大自然的美，而应该保护大自然的美。 1.答案　D 解析　小男孩儿看到美丽的花，他应该很快乐，故选D项。 2.答案　C 解析　小男孩儿看到的是一只青蛙，根据skipping以及青蛙进入水塘里的语境可知，青蛙在跳(jump)，故选C项。 3.答案　B 解析　根据下文Its beauty attracts everyone可知，小男孩儿觉得自然很美妙(wonderful)，故选B项。 4.答案　A 解析　根据near the bed of roses可知，小男孩儿跑到(reach)了玫瑰花丛边，故选A项。 5.答案　C 解析　根据It was very painful可知，玫瑰花的刺弄伤(hurt)了小男孩儿的手指，故选C项。 6.答案　D 解析　小男孩儿很痛，哭了起来，故选D项。 7.答案　C 解析　小男孩儿是跑去他母亲那里了，他母亲应该是在家里，故选C项。 8.答案　A 解析　小男孩儿手指被刺破，感觉很痛，故选A项。 9.答案　D 解析　根据空后一句可知，小男孩儿的母亲说这是他的错，故选D项。 10.答案　C 解析　根据not to be picked可知，母亲对小男孩儿说花不是用来摘的，而是用来看的，故选C项。 11.答案　B 解析　根据第15空前一句中harm nature可知，自然界的美是永远不能被破坏(harm)的，故选B项。 12.答案　A 解析　小男孩儿很懂事，他说会一直(always)记得母亲的话，故选A项。 13.答案　C 解析　根据下文小男孩儿所说的话可知，他母亲问他今天学到(learn)了什么，故选C项。 14.答案　D 解析　小男孩儿说我们应该保护所有的(all)生物，故选D项。 15.答案　A 解析　这里是表假设，表示如果(if)我们破坏自然，那么以后它就会报复我们，故选A项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 The surface of the Earth is always changing.It has been changing since it was made.Just 1. (think) about it.Heavy rains wash away land, rivers cut through mountains, and winds move sand and rocks.All these 2. (change) are called erosion(侵蚀)．Erosion is a natural process that happens every second of every day. Natural erosion is very slow, but it has been going on for 3. very long time.It has created some of the world's most 4. (amaze) places, such as the Grand Canyon in the United States and the Iguazu waterfalls in Brazil. Sometimes, erosion is speeded up by humans.We depend on the Earth 5. food and energy, and we cause erosion as we satisfy these needs.For example, forest clearance and farming can lead to erosion.All these land uses can allow wind and rain 6. (wash) the soil(土壤) away more 7. (easy)． As humans, we need to consider the erosion we cause, and how it will affect the future of 8. (we) planet.Nobody knows 9. will happen to the Earth in a million years, but one thing 10. (be) certain：it will look a whole lot different. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自然/人与环境。本文为说明文。自然侵蚀过程受到人类活动影响而加速发展。 1．答案　think 解析　考查祈使句。空处所在句是祈使句，故填动词原形think。 2．答案　changes 解析　考查名词的数和主谓一致。空处作主语，由空前的these和空后的系动词are可知，此处应填changes。 3．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。for a long time很长一段时间，为固定搭配。 4．答案　amazing 解析　考查词性转换。空处作定语修饰places，故填形容词amazing。 5．答案　for 解析　考查介词。depend on…for…依靠……获得……。 6．答案　to wash 解析　考查非谓语动词。allow…to do sth使得……做某事。 7．答案　easily 解析　考查词性转换。空处作状语，表示“容易地”，故填副词easily。 8．答案　our 解析　考查代词。空处作定语修饰planet，应用形容词性物主代词，故填our。 9．答案　what 解析　考查引导词。句意：没有人知道在一百万年后地球将会变成什么样子。空处引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作主语，表示“什么”，故填what。 10．答案　is 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。空处所在句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；因为主语是one thing，故填is。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$