Unit 4 Information Technology题型专项强化练(Word练习)-【状元桥·优质课堂】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第二册（北师大版2019）

UNIT 4　题型专项强化练 (限时：100分钟) Ⅰ.阅读 Safer Internet Activities To help schools promote safer Internet messages to families, beyond Safer Internet Day, the Education Safeguarding Service's Online Safety Team has worked with Kent Children's University to produce a Safer Internet Day Challenge pack for children aged 5 to 14. This pack contains 10 key challenge activity ideas, as well as useful resources for children, schools and families to access.The Challenge will run until 31 June so there is plenty of time to get involved. The Safer Internet Day Challenge starts with schools and families today and you can find the resources here.So why not send the activities home to your parents or caregivers so families can get involved? Young people who are part of Kent Children's University can earn a varying number of Learning Credits for each activity completed outside normal school time. More Information For more information about Education Safeguarding, please visit the Education Safeguarding Service website. If your school would be interested in finding out more about Kent Children's University (either the school or family models or both), please email kcu@theeducationpeople.org.For more information, please visit the Kent Children's University website. Share Your Safer Internet Day Stories With Us We encourage teachers and staff working with children and young people aged 3 to 18 in educational settings to share their Safer Internet Day stories, displays or activities on the Safer Internet Day website! Don't forget to tag @UK SIC and @TheEdPeople into any posts you share. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/信息安全。本文为应用文，主要介绍了一个针对5至14岁孩子的更安全网络日挑战包，以帮助学校向家庭推广更安全的网络信息。 1．Who are the activities intended for? A．University students. B．Children aged 5 to 14. C．People aged 3 to 18. D．School teachers and staff. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，该活动针对的是5至14岁的儿童，故选B项。 2．What can students of Kent Children's University get from the activities? A．Student aids.　 B．Full-time caregivers. C．Extra credits. D．Educational resources. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，学生从活动中可以获得额外的学分，故选C项。 3．Where can Safer Internet Day stories be shared? A．Safer Internet Day website. B．kcu@theeducationpeople.org. C．Kent Children's University website. D．Education Safeguarding Service website. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据Share Your Safer Internet Day Stories With Us部分内容可知，教师和工作人员可以在“更安全的网络日”网站上分享“更安全的网络日”故事，故选A项。 My name is Arianna Traviglia and I'm a senior cultural and heritage researcher at the Centre for Cultural Heritage Technology at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa, Italy. As head of the team, I encourage the development of new technologies to maintain and protect important archaeological(考古学的) findings.Right now, I am working in the field of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city which was destroyed and buried under 13 to 20 feet of ash and small rocks during a volcanic eruption in 79 AD.With the help of a robot, I try to carefully reconstruct(重建) the city's 2,000-year-old broken frescoes(壁画)．The project is called RePAIR. There are thousands of fresco pieces in Pompeii, and it was nearly impossible for a human to reconstruct all the irregular pieces into big, meaningful paintings in the past.Technology now allows us to do it—the robot we use is run by artificial intelligence (AI)．As it examines a piece, it searches a database for a match, and then sends the data back to its hands to fit matching pieces together, saving a lot of hours.Its soft human-like arms and hands allow it to hold and examine the easily broken pieces without damaging them.The technology is likely to allow many museums around the world to reconstruct large-scale broken frescoes or similar objects in the future. In RePAIR, I'm studying the hyperspectral (高光谱的) images of the fresco pieces in storage and comparing them with the paintings on the walls of the House of the Painters at Work, part of a building in Pompeii.By comparing the resemblances in the images, we will be able to work out whether the broken pieces were from the same wall. I studied history and archaeology in college.Archaeology helps us understand where we come from, and technology enriches that exploration.I'm glad I'm a translator of the two worlds.My mind runs wild when I think about the exciting Roman life that we are still missing because Pompeii's frescoes were damaged and haven't been reconstructed. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/物质与非物质文化遗产。本文为记叙文，主要介绍了作者借助机器人复原庞贝古城破碎壁画的工作。 4．What is the author mainly responsible for now? A．Repairing the damaged archaeological findings. B．Designing robots used for archaeology. C．Discovering ancient cities hidden beneath the ground. D．Reporting on recent studies of historical ruins. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者现在正在机器人的帮助下，试图仔细地重建这座城市有2 000年历史的破碎壁画，即作者正在修复损坏的考古发现，故选A项。 5．What is mentioned about the robot used in the project? A．It may cause further damage to artworks. B．It takes more time to examine the artworks. C．It doesn't need human operators. D．It has already been widely used in museums. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者使用的机器人是由人工智能运行的，即机器人不用人类来运行，故选C项。 6．What does the underlined word “resemblances” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Mistakes.　　　　 B．Similarities. C．Damages. D．Documents. 答案　B 解析　词句猜测题。根据第四段可知，在“修复”项目中，作者通过比较图像，进而确定破碎的碎片是否来自同一面墙。可推知，这里指通过把高光谱图像和墙上的壁画图像作比较，发现两者的相似之处，就可以确定破碎的碎片是来自同一面墙。因此画线词在此处意为“相似性”，故选B项。 7．How does the author find her work in RePAIR? A．Dangerous. B．Meaningful. C．Relaxing. D．Successful. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、三句可知，作者很享受自己所从事的工作，即作者感觉自己的工作是有意义的，故选B项。 Cloud computing will be in use by about 80 percent of about 600 companies.The trend suggests that data management and storage are moving to cloud computing sellers on a large scale. Touting(兜售) cloud computing as a way to get rid of the costs of buying and maintain in on-site information-technology equipment, sellers offer it in the form of Software AsA Service (SAAS), a delivery model in which software applications are delivered to customers over a web-based network.SAAS can serve the needs of entire companies through huge, web-based platforms.As cloud computing rapidly becomes the delivery channel for software developers of all shapes and sizes to get their products to market, offering applications in a cloud is now the rule not the exception.A relatively small number of sellers are able to offer SAAS to big companies that want company-wide cloud computing, and only the sellers need apply.Although market-share data are hard to come by, the list of company's large enough to offer cloud-computing on this scale is short：Microsoft, Amazon, Google, Salesforce, Rackspace and not many others. The concentration of data and virtual computing in the hands of relatively few sellers raises an important risk for their customers if the Internet-based systems of any one seller are hacked, the result could be security problems across entire industries in which their customers do. Can this small group of cloud-computing sellers effectively respond to the needs of their customers to quickly fix such a problem and, most importantly, cut off the damage to these companies' own customers？Don't think such things can't happen.If hackers can penetrate the Department of Defense, the risk that they will penetrate Microsoft or Google cannot be ruled out.Compromise of just one of these sellers—even one with a modest market share—possibly could shut down, at least temporarily, a sizable part of the U．S.economy. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/科学与技术。本文为说明文，介绍了云计算时代的到来，云计算将占据很大的市场份额，给人们提供网络服务，但也会带来一系列问题…… 8．What can cloud computing do? A．Reduce the cost of computers. B．Provide software service. C．Market various products. D．Help companies design websites. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，云计算可以提供网络服务，省去了购买相关设备的成本，以软件(Software AsA Service)的形式提供，故选B项。 9．What do we know about cloud computing? A．It works under SAAS. B．It covers a large part of market-share. C．Most companies can provide it. D．Most sellers apply for it. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，云计算覆盖很大的市场份额(大约600家公司中约80%的公司将使用云计算)，在很大范围内数据处理与储存将交给云计算销售商去完成，这是一个目前的趋势，故选B项。 10．Why is the Department of Defense mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To warn people of the hackers' power. B．To show relationship between it and Microsoft. C．To give an example of the country's loss. D．To present the real picture of the U．S.economy. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，如果黑客能够入侵美国国防部，那么不能排除黑客入侵微软或谷歌的风险，即使是市场份额不大的其中一家销售商(遭到入侵)，也有可能导致美国经济的相当大一部分遭遇暂时瘫痪。分析语境，最后一段提到国防部是为了借此警告人们黑客的力量(巨大破坏力)，故选A项。 11．What might be the best title for the text? A．The Unthinkable Risks of the Cloud B．Cloud Computing and Smart Sellers C．SAAS and Changing Companies D．The Cloud Computing Age 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。文章开头提出云计算时代的美好未来，全文主要介绍云计算时代的方方面面。The Cloud Computing Age是最恰当的标题，故选D项。 Goldfish have pretty boring lives, so maybe it's a good thing that they can only concentrate for nine seconds！But according to a new research, humans are becoming like goldfish.Our attention span(时长) is getting shorter…and it's all because of technology. “We move quickly from one site to another on the web，” says Doctor Ted Selker, a computer scientist from Massachusetts，“and we are losing the ability to concentrate.” With millions of websites to choose from, the attention span of the average Internet user is just seconds.There are other digital distractions(分心) too：email, instant messaging and quickie movies on websites. Some people are worried about the effect on young people.“You need time to understand and think about what you read，” says Julia Wood, from London.“Young people search the net all the time and their brains become full of useless information but there is no time to make sense of it.I am trying to persuade my pupils to read more books, so that they concentrate on one subject for longer.” Other teachers are trying more unusual methods to improve students' concentration.Anne Savan, from Wales, was so worried about her students that she started playing Mozart during her science lessons.She says that it had an amazing effect, “The music made them calmer, and their concentration was much better.” But not everyone believes that there is a problem.Ray Cole, an educational psychologist says, “On the web, young people learn to make quick decisions about what is and isn't worth reading.They might look at five unhelpful websites very quickly, before stopping and reading a sixth useful website more carefully.In a world with so much information available, this is an important skill.” 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/生活与学习。本文为议论文。不断地快速浏览网站使人们的注意力时长越来越短；但是有人认为，浏览网站可以提高年轻人的判断能力。 12．Why does the writer mention “goldfish”？ A．To analyze data. B．To introduce a topic. C．To settle problems. D．To suggest a way out. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，人们正变得像金鱼一样，注意力时长变得越来越短。据此可以判断，作者用金鱼的例子是为了引出文章主题，故选B项。 13．What may cause a shorter attention span according to Dr Ted Selker? A．Skipping around the Internet. B．Time to digest information. C．Traditional methods of reading. D．Making decisions. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，Ted Selker认为，由于快速浏览网站，人们正在丧失集中注意力的能力，故选A项。 14．What will help students overcome a short attention span? A．Receiving emails. B．Texting messages. C．Reading more books. D．Watching quickie movies. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，阅读更多的书将有助于学生克服注意力集中时间短的问题，故选C项。 15．What is Ray Cole's attitude towards looking through websites quickly? A．Cautious.　　　　　 B．Unfavorable. C．Skeptical. D．Supportive. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句可知，Ray Cole认为年轻人快速浏览网站可以提高快速判断的能力，据此可判断，Ray Cole对快速浏览网站持支持态度，故选D项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 We expect the technology in our life to work every time we turn a machine on.It's terrible when they don't work, especially when we don't know how to solve the problem.You turn the machine on, but see the black screen.　1　 A computer screen that doesn't turn on may be a sign of a broken screen or a bad connection between the computer and the monitor(显示器)．Trying another monitor or connecting line is a simple way to see if one or the other is broken down.　2　 For windows users, they could face a system files corruption(损坏)．Turning on your computer, you might see the black screen and words on the screen remind you the corruption.In that case, you may need to restart your computer and enter the recovery mode(恢复模式)． 　3　 In that case？You need to open the computer case and clean the fan. 　4　 Apple's iOS users might need to restart their phones, though the method differs depending on the model.If you are an owner of the iPhone 11 or a newer model, you can press and let go of the volume-up button and do the same to the volume-down button, then press and hold the side button until you see the Apple logo. If the problem keeps occurring, you'd better have a professional(专业人员) take a look at it.　5　 A．A choice is to use a DVD. B．Phone users also face the black screen. C．What should you do when it happens? D．If it is useless？You need to do a further check. E．Another cause might be a problem with the cooling fan. F．You'd better not deal with it yourself in case your machine is broken. G．Android users should hold down the power button for about five seconds. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/社会服务。本文为说明文，就如何解决电脑和手机黑屏的问题提出了一些建议。 1.答案　C 解析　顺承关系。根据上一句可知， C项承接上文，其中it指代的就是上文说的“打开手机，看见黑屏”，故选C项。 2.答案　D 解析　顺承关系。根据上一句可知，D项(如果这个方法没有用，你需要做进一步的检查)承接上文，该项中的it指代的就是上文中提到的方法，故选D项。 3. 答案　E 解析　并列关系。下文提到打开机箱并清理风扇的方法，E项中的the cooling fan与此处的the fan一致， E项是黑屏出现的原因，下文是解决办法，故选E项。 4.答案　B 解析　总分关系。下文介绍了苹果手机iOS操作系统用户在遇到手机黑屏死机现象后该如何操作，B项中的Phone users与下文的Apple's iOS users相符，B项引领下文，介绍手机黑屏如何操作，故选B项。 5. 答案　F 解析　条件关系。根据上一句可知， F项符合语境，如果自己不能处理黑屏，就要找专业人员处理，故选F项。 Ⅲ.完形填空 Maria Gregg, a single mom from Gwinnett County, had gone through some hard times.So a week before 　1　, Gregg made her way to the North Gwinnett Co-Operative Ministries.It is a(n) 　2　 charity that gives food, clothing and medicine to those in need. The volunteers at the collective wanted to make Gregg relaxed about her visit, gave her a box of food and then drove her 　3　, Fox 5 Atalanta reported Tuesday.　4　, when the group saw that Gregg and her 12-year-old son had been 　5　 on the floor, they knew they had to do something about it. They put a call-out on Facebook, asking the local 　6　 to help the single mom by donating 　7　 they could spare.Within 48 hours, people donated 　8　, including beds and a couch, as well as a television and game system for Gregg's 　9　. “People started donating.Strangers who knew 　10　 about me, my name, my past, my face…it didn't matter，” Gregg says in the video above. The local community's generosity didn't 　11　 there; people made donations to pay Gregg's rent through February and chipped in(共同出钱) nearly $4,000 to put towards the 　12　 of a car, Fox 5 reported. This isn't the first time this holiday season we've 　13　 about a community coming together to help a single mom in need.Early this month, police in Phoenix, Arizona, 　14　 a single mom with Christmas gifts for her son with 　15　 needs after burglars(窃贼) robbed her apartment. 1．A．Christmas B．school C．work D．leave 2．A.famous B．old C．national D．local 3．A.patiently B．away C．home D．quickly 4．A.Otherwise B．Therefore C．Instead D．However 5．A.eating B．standing C．sleeping D．reading 6．A.hospital B．company C．school D．community 7．A.whoever B．whenever C．whatever D．whichever 8．A.material B．food C．clothing D．furniture 9．A.daughter B．son C．need D．friend 10．A.much B．something C．nothing D．everything 11．A.end B．continue C．arrive D．develop 12．A.repairing B．buying C．washing D．renting 13．A.heard B．complained C．thought D．talked 14．A.frightened B．surprised C．cheered D．encouraged 15．A.various B．special C．few D．ordinary 语篇导读 主题语境：人与社会/社会交往。本文为记叙文，讲述了一家慈善机构the North Gwinnett Co-Operative Ministries帮助单亲母亲Maria Gregg的故事。 1.答案　A 解析　根据本文最后一句可知，在圣诞节前，Maria Gregg去慈善机构the North Gwinnett Co-Operative Ministries寻求帮助，故选A项。 2.答案　D 解析　根据a single mom from Gwinnett County及第三段第一句可知，这是指当地的(local)一家慈善机构，故选D项。 3.答案　C 解析　志愿者给她食物，开车送她回家。根据下一句可知，志愿者看到她家里的情况，所以是开车送她回家，故选C项。 4.答案　D 解析　志愿者给她食物，开车送她回家，然而当志愿者看到她家里的情况，他们决定为她做更多的事情，故选D项。 5.答案　C 解析　根据下一段志愿者们为她捐赠床等家具可知，此处应为发现他们睡在地板上，故选C项。 6.答案　D 解析　根据下文The local community's generosity可知，此处表示号召当地社区的人们帮助这位单亲母亲，故选D项。 7.答案　C 解析　号召人们捐献可以给予的任何东西，故选C项。 8.答案　D 解析　根据后面的床和沙发可知，此处指家具，故选D项。 9.答案　B 解析　前面提到Maria Gregg的儿子，可见television and game system是送给她儿子的，故选B项。 10.答案　C 解析　Strangers对她一无所知，故选C项。 11.答案　A 解析　当地社区的人们的慷慨行为并没有停止，他们不仅捐献物品，而且还捐献钱财，故选A项。 12.答案　B 解析　人们凑了接近4 000美元，用于支付买车的费用，故选B项。 13.答案　A 解析　在这个节日期间，这不是第一次听说社区的人们帮助单亲妈妈的故事，故选A项。 14.答案　B 解析　警察通过圣诞礼物使单亲母亲惊喜，故选B项。 15.答案　B 解析　此处指有特别需要的儿子，故选B项。 Ⅳ.语法填空 Programming a computer means writing the code that tells the computer 1. to do.Users don't see it, but coding is behind everything you see when you use a computer, tablet 2. phone. During Computer Science Education Week, students around the world will be taking part 3. an “Hour of Code”．They will complete a short coding challenge that is broken down into small, simple steps.It will take about an hour in all.In real life, most coders work by 4. (type) in long programs.But students doing the Hour of Code 5. (usual) just drag(拖) blocks around on the screen. Hadi Partovi 6. (start) the Hour of Code in 2013.He knew that many computer businesses in the US were looking for 7. (worker), but having a hard time finding well-trained people.This problem could get worse.He came up with the idea because he was very 8. (worry) that computer science wasn't a big part of what schools taught in most states. The idea behind the Hour of Code is not that all students will learn to program computers.Partovi just wants students 9. (get) a taste of what it's like to code.If they like it, they might keep going.So one test of the program's success is whether students keep going once the time is up.It turns out that many of 10. (they) do. 语篇导读 主题语境：人与自我/学校生活。本文为说明文。哈迪·帕尔托维认为编程很重要，每个学校都应该教授编程。于是，他发起了“编程一小时”的活动。 1．答案　what 解析　考查引导词。此处表示“写编码告诉计算机做什么”，故填what。 2．答案　or 解析　考查并列连词。此处表示“当你使用计算机、平板或者手机时”，故填or。 3．答案　in 解析　考查介词。take part in参加，为固定搭配。 4．答案　typing 解析　考查非谓语动词。动词作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式，故填typing。 5．答案　usually 解析　考查词性转换。空处作状语修饰谓语动词drag，且表示“通常”，故填副词usually。 6．答案　started 解析　考查时态。根据时间状语in 2013可知，空处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故填started。 7．答案　workers 解析　考查名词的数。根据本句中的well-trained people可知，空处表示“工作人员”，因为worker是可数名词且此处表示泛指，故填其复数形式workers。 8．答案　worried 解析　考查词性转换。空处作表语，表示“担心的”，故填worried。 9．答案　to get 解析　考查非谓语动词。want sb to do sth想要某人做某事。 10．答案　them 解析　考查代词。空处作宾语，表示“他们”，故填them。 Ⅴ.小作文 假定你是李华，你校英语角拟举行一次英文演讲比赛，需要两名主持人(host)。 你对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给外籍负责人Mr Brown写一封自荐信，介绍自己。内容包括： 1．个人基本情况；2.口语水平；3.相关经验。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 One possible version： Dear Mr Brown， I've learnt that two hosts are needed for the coming English speech contest.I would like very much to be one of them. I'm Li Hua, a handsome boy of about 180cm in height.As a hard-working student, I have a good command of English, especially spoken English.I have won first prize in many English speech contests.What's more, I have been the host of English parties since I entered junior high school.It gave me much experience in hosting big events.So I believe I can do the job perfectly. I'm looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua Ⅵ.读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 With the development of traffic, car accidents happen almost every day.I still remember one thing that happened on the road two years ago.It was a fine day.On my way back home, there were a lot of cars coming and going as usual.Suddenly, I was stopped at a traffic light by some people who asked for help.A woman tried her best to give way to an ambulance(救护车), but drove her car over the stony obstacles(障碍) that separated the bike line from the street.Unluckily, she had her car trapped as a result.She could not move the car in any direction.She felt really nervous and did not know how to deal with it. Luckily, many kind people offered to help her.Some people tried to lift the car back and some people tried to move the stony obstacles.Even the teenagers put down their schoolbags and joined them.But the obstacles were too heavy and high.They failed.Seeing that they could not do much about it, they called the emergency phone numbers.And finally they had no choice but to walk away.The woman alone in the car tried to call for service. While watching the other people leave and finding she needed some service, I realized that the woman would be on her own and felt helpless.She watched her car and the stony obstacles hopelessly.And at that time, I imagined how painful I would be if I were in that situation.So, I asked her what I could do for her.She appreciated my concern.She said staying with her was fine.She made a call and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to arrive.With a sense of sadness, she said，“How will I spend the boring 45 minutes？” I said to her with a smile，“I will stay with you and buy you a cup of tea if you like.”“It is very kind of you to stay with me，” she smiled at last. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 【写作指导】 一、故事梗概 二、情节推断 根据已经给出的续写部分每段的开头语并展开合理想象可推断：根据文章倒数第二句以及提示句“I tried to comfort the woman…”可以推测，第一段应该说的是：我想办法安慰她，并给她买来了一杯茶；根据文章最后一句以及第二段的提示句“Finally, help came and her car was helped back on the main road.”可以推知，我一直陪伴她到车子被抬出来，女士感谢我。 可根据自己的想象构建故事情节。续写两段的四个要素见下表： Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 时间：while waiting for someone to arrive to help 时间：After her car was helped back on the main road… 地点：beside the road 地点：beside the road 人物：the woman and I 人物： the woman and I 事件：I bought two cups of green tea.We enjoyed the tea and talked happily… 事件：She thanked me for my help and decided to return the kindness… 三、要素串联 将已确定的四个要素串联，并增加细节描写，完成读后续写。 One possible version： Paragraph 1： I tried to comfort the woman who seemed to feel worried about causing trouble for others.But actually it was not too much trouble since they could still pass.We laughed and I joked that all we really needed was some tea for our chat.She thought it was a good idea.So I gladly ran to the opposite road to buy two cups of green tea.We enjoyed the tea and talked happily.We seemed to be good friends.The passers-by felt a little strange when seeing us communicating beside the road, but they just smiled. Paragraph 2： Finally, help came and her car was helped back on the main road.She thanked me for my help.I said I had just spent 45 minutes staying with her.She seemed to feel relaxed when we said our goodbyes.She asked for my phone number so that she could return the kindness, but I told her it was OK.When knowing that I must pick up my daughter, she offered to drive to my daughter's school first.I accepted it and thanked her, too.I believed not having to face a difficult situation alone mattered much for her and I hoped people could help each other. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$