Unit 3 Diverse Cultures Discovering Useful Structures 省略 导学案-2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

省略 　　在英语中,为了使语言简洁或避免重复,常常省略句中的一个或几个成分,这种语法现象 称为省略。 1.简单句中的省略 情景导学 (You)Close the door.(你)关上门。 Old men and (old) women are respected in China.在中国,年纪大的男性和女性都很受尊重。 An hour in the morning is worth two (hours) in the evening.一日之计在于晨。 (It's) An interesting story, isn't it?(这是)一个很有趣的故事,不是吗? You are studying much harder (than you did before).你现在学习(比原来)努力多了。 —Are you going to attend the party? ——你打算参加聚会吗? —No. (I'm not going to attend the party.) ——不。(我不打算参加聚会。) —How do you like the lecture? ——你觉得这个讲座怎么样? —(I like it) Very much. ——(我)非常喜欢(它)。 用法归纳 简单句中的省略主要有以下几种情况: (1)祈使句中主语①　　     的省略;（you） (2)连词连接的并列成分中相同的修饰词的省略; (3)前文已经出现的词汇的省略; (4)②　　　　    的省略;（主谓结构） (5)③　　    的省略;（从句） (6)答语中整句的省略(只保留No、Yes、Sure等词)。 (7)答语中只保留一个成分(主语、表语、状语等)。 2.并列复合句中的省略 情景导学 I'll wash the dishes and you'll dry (them).我来洗碗,你来擦干(它们)。 Tom must have been playing basketball, while Mary (must have been) doing her homework.汤姆一定是在打篮球,而玛丽一定是在做作业。 用法归纳 在并列复合句中,后面的分句可以省略与前面的分句中④　　    成分。（相同的） 3.状语从句中的省略 情景导学 Though (he is) a young man, he has made several inventions.虽然还是个年轻人,但他已经有好几项发明了。 If (it is) convenient for you, let's meet at the school gate at 9:00 am.如果你方便的话,让我们上午九点在学校门口见面。 He looked anxious as if (he was) in trouble.他看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。 用法归纳 由when、while、if、as if、although、though、as、until、once、unless等引导的状语从句中, 如果其谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语与主句的主语一致,或者从句的主语是it时,从句的⑤    　　　　     可省略。（主语和be动词） 4.宾语从句及定语从句中的省略 情景导学1 He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.他说这篇课文很重 要,我们应该把它背下来。 用法归纳1 在宾语从句中,连词⑥　　    可以省略,但有多个并列的宾语从句时,通常只能省略第一个that。（that） 情景导学2 After a short way, the farmer stopped and pointed at a weed (which/that) we missed.走了一小段路后,农夫停下来,指着一株我们都没看见的杂草。 (2021浙江) The man (whom/who) you met yesterday is my father.你昨天遇见的那个男人是我爸爸。 The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really rude.他跟我们讲话的方式很没礼貌。 用法归纳2 (1)若引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作⑦　　    ,该关系代词一般可省略。（宾语） (2)若先行词是way,关系词在定语从句中作方式状语,引导定语从句的⑧　　    或⑨　　    可以省略。（that；in which） 5.固定短语中介词的省略 情景导学 She speaks English very fluently, for she has spent much time (in) learning it.她英语说得很流利,因为她花了很多时间学习英语。 The Spring Festival is around the corner, and households are busy (in) preparing new year goods. 春节快到了,家家户户都在忙着准备年货。 用法归纳 一些与动词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略,而保留介词后的动名词。以下为常见的结构: be busy (in) doing sth. spend some time (in) doing sth. stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth. have difficulty (in) doing sth. have a good/pleasant/hard time (in) doing sth. 6.不定式中的省略 情景导学 You can go with us if you want to.如果你想去可以和我们一起去。 —Are you a lawyer? ——你是律师吗? —No, but I used to be. ——不是,不过我过去是。 All you need to do is (to) press the button.你需要做的就是按一下按钮。 She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭什么也做不了。 Our purpose is to get there and (to) find out the truth.我们的目的是去那里弄清真相。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是让生活更轻松,而不是让生活更困难。 Did you see anyone enter the room? 你看见有人进入这个房间吗? She was made to clean the classroom by her teacher.老师叫她打扫教室。 用法归纳 (1)为了避免重复,有时不定式中可以省略与上文相同的主要动词,只保留不定式符号to。常用的这类结构有used to、be going to、ought to、mean to、try to、plan to、would like/love to、want to等。 (2)如果不定式中有be动词或助动词have时,be和have不能省略。 (3)当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略⑩　　    。（to） (4)当but或except前有实义动词do的某种形式时,后面的不定式通常省略to。 (5)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系,后面的不定式符号to不能省略。 (6)某些使役动词(如make、let、have等)和感官动词(如see、watch等)后,作宾补的不定式省略to,但若这些动词用于被动语态,则to不能省略。 7.虚拟语气中的省略 情景导学 Had I worked (=If I had worked) hard at school, now I would be a university student, too.如果我在学校努力学习的话,我现在也是一名大学生了。 Should he(=If he should) not come, you would take his place to attend this meeting.如果他不来,你就代替他参加这次会议。 Were I you(=If I were you), I wouldn't reply to the e-mail.如果我是你,我就不回复这封电子邮件。 Ms. Lin suggested that he (should)take part in the reading competition.林老师建议他参加阅读比赛。 We insist that you (should) accept these gifts.我们坚决要求你收下这些礼物。 It is required that children under five years old (should)be accompanied by their parents when they experience the project.据要求,五岁以下的孩子在体验这个项目时要由家长陪同。 It is recommended that these chemicals (should) be forbidden to use in the course of production. 建议在生产过程中禁止使用这些化学制品。 My proposal is that we (should) walk home instead of taking a taxi.我的建议是走着回家,不乘坐出租车。 My doctor gave me some advice that I (should) set aside a certain hour each day to take exercise. 我的医生建议我每天抽出一定时间来锻炼。 用法归纳 (1)if引导的虚拟条件从句如果含有were、had、should,可以省略if,将这些词置于主语前。 (2)动词advise、suggest(建议)、propose、demand、insist(坚决要求)、require、command、 recommend、order等后的宾语从句和这些词的名词形式后面的表语从句、同位语从句以及 “It is+这些词的过去分词+that...”的主语从句中常省略表示虚拟语气的should。 即时巩固 一、写出下列句子中省略的成分 1.If (　　    ) necessary, ring me at home. 2.She spends two hours (　　    ) playing the piano every day. 3.I don’t like the way (　 　    ) he speaks to us. 4.(　　    ) Look out for cars when (　　    ) crossing the street. 5.It is suggested that we (　　    ) read more books in our spare time. 6.This is the factory (　 　    ) we visited last year. 7.Miss White said (　　    ) the lecture was very important and that we should take some notes. 二、完成句子 1.—Have you read this story? —　　　    (是的),　　　     　　　    (我读过). 2.—Have you told Tom about the meeting? —Sorry. But I　　　 　　　　　　    (本应该告诉他的). 3.If I were you, I would choose to work in a big city.(句型转换,省略) →　　　  　　　　　　    , I would choose to work in a big city. 4.If you had arrived earlier, you would have met her.(句型转换,省略) →　　　　　　　　　    earlier, you would have met her. 答案 一、 1.it is 2.in 3.that/in which 4.You；you are 5.should 6.that/which 7.that 二、 1.Yes；I have 2.ought to have 3.Were I you 4.Have you arrived 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$