专题04 阅读理解（单选）（考点精讲）-2025年“3+证书”高考英语二轮复习专项突破（广东专用）

04阅读理解（单选） 【考纲解读】 自2023年起，阅读理解由原来的3篇短文改为2篇短文阅读理解，1篇五选五选择合适句子（本专题单独设讲），要求考生根据短文内容从所给的选项中选出能回答问题或填入句子空白处的最佳选项。阅读材料的总阅读量不少于600个单词(不含所附回答问题部分)，其题材广泛，涉及日常生活、文学、社会、文化、地理、历史、教育、艺术、科技、政治、经济等领域，体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文、新闻报道、小说(片段)等。本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。 【考点精讲】 阅读理解主要考查考生对语言的综合运用能力，要求考生通过阅读短文做到以下几点：①根据上下文猜测某个单词或词组的意思；②理解文章的主旨；③迅速查找文中的具体信息；④对文中信息的真伪做出判断和推理；⑤对句子或段落做出简单的推断；⑥理解作者的观点、态度和写作意图。 知识构建： 文体： 01、记叙文 02、说明文 03、议论文 04、应用文 考查方向： 01主旨题 02 推断题 03 猜测词义题 04细节理解题。 考向一、应用文 英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。 宜采用“题干定位法” 应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在中考试题中，常常是 就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有 针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比 较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。 采用寻读、跳读的方法 要注意 根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。 My friend keeps copying my look, but I like looking special. What should I do?—Ann The important thing is to tell your friend the truth without hurting her feelings. To do that, you can talk to her using kind words and not feeling angry. You can offer her your advice on popular dressing or even suggest wearing clothes that go together. This way you’ll still look like each other, but not twins! My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike Here are some great ways to make your room a bit tidier. Start by picking up things you don’t use or want anymore. You can give them away to those in need. Less things means less mess! Then, try to make it a habit to put away things after you use them. Done with your sports shoes for the day? Back where they should be. Finally, set a timer for five minutes each night to clean any mess! I’m sad because I have to go to a summer camp. I just want to have a summer like my friends. Help me out!—Jessie We’re sorry you’re feeling this way! The best thing to do is to look at things on the bright side. There, a new group of kids will become your friends. They’ll know exactly how you feel and help you. What’s more, going to a summer camp doesn’t mean a terrible summer. You’ll still have fun in the sun with your friends. The only question is, what are you guys going to do together? 26. Who might be most interested in reading this passage? A. Young sports lovers. B. Teenagers in need of help. C. Summer camp planners. D. Kids looking for dressing ideas. 27. What problem does Mike need to solve? A. Having an unwanted holiday plan. B. Failing to manage his time wisely. C. Not knowing how to tidy his room. D. Unable to get on well with his friends. 28. What advice does the writer give to Jessie? A. Tell your parents how you feel. B. Be ready to help other students. C. Study harder in the summer camp. D. See the advantage of what you dislike. 考向二、记叙文 做记叙文的时候先将事情发生的时间、地点，人物弄清楚。然后了解事件发生经过。英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。中考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous. So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot. Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema. Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place. I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited. “To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said. “No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.” “Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!” “Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy. “We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near. “I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved. “No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed. A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around! “The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run… Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star! Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard. “Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil. As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood. They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line-just one step behind the Red Team! “So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together. “Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five. “That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.” “Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling. 1 What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy? A. She didn’t want to play the game. B. She was a new student in her class. C. She was a member of the Red Team. D. She didn’t understand the game rules. 2. Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last? A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn’t know the way. C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game. 3. Where was the finish line of the game? A. In the park. B. Next to the post office. C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library. 4 Why did Amy smile at the end of the story? A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend. C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon. 考向三、说明文 说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。 People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past? Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word. Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him. So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker. As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words. 37. Why did dictionary writers read important books? A. To know more about the period. B. To collect words and their uses. C. To understand different subjects. D. To learn to use interesting words. 38. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past? A. ①-③-④-② B. ①-②-④-③ C. ③-④-②-① D. ③-①-④-② 39. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past? A. It should be done by historians. B. It was a task of inventing and recording. C. It was long-time hard work. D. It had to use the law-making rules. 40. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication? A. Be open to the new uses of words. B. Follow the dictionary strictly. C. Use online dictionaries instead. D. Try to create new words. 考向四 议论文 英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。议论文特别注意主题句，往往有总说和分说的关系，主题句往往出现在第一句或最后归纳总结句中。 二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解。与前面做题相同。 三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。议论文一定有作者的观点，要正确把握。 We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it’s even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train. Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 12. Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? A. To keep himself busier. B. To keep himself healthier. C. To make his job easier. D. To make his team harder. 13. Which of the following makes teamwork difficult? A. Strong personality. B. Lots of teamwork time. C. Challenging ideas. D. Clear team roles. 14. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B. ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers. C. ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D. WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day. 15. What is the purpose of the text? A. To show the advantages of teamwork. B. To tell the importance of teamwork. C. To introduce the influence of teamwork. D. To explain the difficulties of teamwork. 五种题型： 1. 细节理解题 ☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位 ☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断 ☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反或未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容 解题技巧： 通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意： 1. 五个W （who ， which ， when ， where ， what ）和一个H （ how ） ； 2. 数字、日期、时间等； 3. 注意加强语气的词。运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。 2.词句猜测题 此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。 解题技巧： 1. 从被考察词附近找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解 2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧： (1)注意定义和解释； (2)同义词或近义词的提示； (3)近义词和反义词的提示； (4)利用悬念的属种关系； (5)借助已有知识或生活常识。 3. 推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理) ☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解 ☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断 解题技巧： 1. 分析文章的主旨。 2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。 3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。 4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。 4. 主旨大意题(Best title) ☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到 ☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。 ☆题目类型： (1)关于主题型　找中心(Main Idea) Example 1:These two passages are _____________. A. diaries B. reports C. news D. ads (2)关于标题型 为文章选择标题(Title) Example 2:What would the best title for the passage? A. Good Health B. The Old People in the Mountains C. Long-lived People D. The Secret of Long Life (3)关于目的型 推断作者的写作意图(Purpose) Example 3:The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________. 【解题步骤】 （1） 先读问题，弄清考查要点。 （2） 快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。 （3） 细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。 （4） 重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。 【主要题型及解题技巧】 主旨大意题： 1. 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨 2. 抓住段落大意，概括中心思想 3. 抓住主线和关键信息，归纳文章大意 细节理解和细节判断： 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案猜测词义 1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来 推测词义： 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 推理判断题： 1. 与原文相同的细节不能选 2. 文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断 【真题练手】 A As a fifth grade math teacher, Jenny met a problem in teaching. She noticed that some students entered her classroom at the second grade level, some were already at the eighth grade level, and then there were others in between. That is why Jenny began to take a more individualized teaching approach (方法) — mixed age classrooms. Often found in non-traditional schools, mixed age classrooms were popular until the mid-19th century, when they were replaced by an age education. Education reformers revived (恢复) mixed age education in the 1990s, arguing that it was more child-centered and suited students’ development. In mixed age classrooms, students of different ages may be in a single class together, but they are grouped by ability in different subjects. In this way, students receive education based on what they know and what they’re ready to learn next. Every child moves forward at their own pace and is not limited by their age. For example,9-to-11-year-old children who are very good at math are given the chance to learn algebra (代数), a subject which is not taught until the eighth grade, when students are 12 or 13. Studies have shown that mixed age classrooms are as effective as single-grade school in terms of learning achievement but better in terms of social skills. That is because students are learning how to work and play with others of different ages. Older children often take on a leadership role and help guide their classmates. That can be beneficial to their social skills. However, mixed age education also brings some challenges especially to teachers. Teaching can be more difficult because mixed age classes tend to be larger and teachers are required to make sure that students are in right groups, applying such an approach to standardized learning can be difficult, though not impossible. 31. Jenny’s problem in teaching was that her students _________. A. came from different grades B. were at different learning levels C. often went to wrong classrooms D. preferred to be in the eighth grade 32. In the 1990s, many schools returned to mixed age education to _________. A. gain popularity among students B. follow education policies C. meet students’ development needs D. include more students in a class 33. Students in mixed age classrooms are divided according to their _________. A. interest B. age C. subjects D. abilities 34. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that children in mixed age classrooms _________. A. acquire social skills better B. achieve better learning results C. spend more time studying D. receive more mental guidance 35. What is discussed about mixed age education in the last paragraph? A. Its future. B. Its history. C. Its difficulties. D. Its standards. B A man who lived a long time ago believed that he could read the future in the stars. He called himself an astrologer (占星师). He spent his time at night watching the sky and was always busy worrying about the future. Some villagers often came to him, hoping to know what might happen to them in the future. One evening he was walking along the open road outside the village. His eyes were fixed on the stars. He thought he saw the end of the world was near. He was lost in thought. As he was looking at the stars, he kept walking without looking down. Suddenly, he fell into a pond. He was struggling in the water, unable to climb out. He cried for help. Hearing his cries, the villagers came up to help. As they pulled him out of the water, one of them said. “You think you can read the future in the stars, and yet you fail to see what is at your feet. This may teach you to pay more attention to what is right in front of you, and let the future take care of itself.” “What use is it to read the stars when you can’t see what’s right here on the earth?” said another. We all want our future to be bright and happy, but time doesn’t stop for anyone. Each tomorrow turn into today, and your present is also a part of your future. There is always a tomorrow to look forward to. You can’t go back to yesterday. So, live your present life well while you work for a better tomorrow. 36. According to Paragraph 1, the man thought that he _________. A. could change the villagers’ future B. was able to create his future C. could see the future in the stars D. came from the stars 37. Some villagers often visited the man to _________. A. ask about their future B. get some protection from him C. watch the stars with him D. build a good relationship with him 38. The man fell into the pond because _________. A. he knew a disaster was coming B. he couldn’t see the road clearly C. he was too worried about his future D. he fixed too much attention on the stars. 39. Some villagers suggested that the man _________. A. should not walk in the dark B. should ask for help from mothers C. should not think he knew everything D. should focus more on the present 40. What is the author’s view on the future? A. The future can be read in the stars. B. The future is built on the present. C. It is necessary to study the future. D. The future is the most important. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 04阅读理解（单选） 【考纲解读】 自2023年起，阅读理解由原来的3篇短文改为2篇短文阅读理解，1篇五选五选择合适句子（本专题单独设讲），要求考生根据短文内容从所给的选项中选出能回答问题或填入句子空白处的最佳选项。阅读材料的总阅读量不少于600个单词(不含所附回答问题部分)，其题材广泛，涉及日常生活、文学、社会、文化、地理、历史、教育、艺术、科技、政治、经济等领域，体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文、新闻报道、小说(片段)等。本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分。 【考点精讲】 阅读理解主要考查考生对语言的综合运用能力，要求考生通过阅读短文做到以下几点：①根据上下文猜测某个单词或词组的意思；②理解文章的主旨；③迅速查找文中的具体信息；④对文中信息的真伪做出判断和推理；⑤对句子或段落做出简单的推断；⑥理解作者的观点、态度和写作意图。 知识构建： 文体： 01、记叙文 02、说明文 03、议论文 04、应用文 考查方向： 01主旨题 02 推断题 03 猜测词义题 04细节理解题。 考向一、应用文 英语应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。 宜采用“题干定位法” 应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在中考试题中，常常是 就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用“题干定位法”，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有 针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比 较。当问题与材料相同的时候，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。 采用寻读、跳读的方法 要注意 根据所提问题采用寻读、跳读的方法，这样往往可以达到事半功倍的效果。 My friend keeps copying my look, but I like looking special. What should I do?—Ann The important thing is to tell your friend the truth without hurting her feelings. To do that, you can talk to her using kind words and not feeling angry. You can offer her your advice on popular dressing or even suggest wearing clothes that go together. This way you’ll still look like each other, but not twins! My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike Here are some great ways to make your room a bit tidier. Start by picking up things you don’t use or want anymore. You can give them away to those in need. Less things means less mess! Then, try to make it a habit to put away things after you use them. Done with your sports shoes for the day? Back where they should be. Finally, set a timer for five minutes each night to clean any mess! I’m sad because I have to go to a summer camp. I just want to have a summer like my friends. Help me out!—Jessie We’re sorry you’re feeling this way! The best thing to do is to look at things on the bright side. There, a new group of kids will become your friends. They’ll know exactly how you feel and help you. What’s more, going to a summer camp doesn’t mean a terrible summer. You’ll still have fun in the sun with your friends. The only question is, what are you guys going to do together? 26. Who might be most interested in reading this passage? A. Young sports lovers. B. Teenagers in need of help. C. Summer camp planners. D. Kids looking for dressing ideas. 27. What problem does Mike need to solve? A. Having an unwanted holiday plan. B. Failing to manage his time wisely. C. Not knowing how to tidy his room. D. Unable to get on well with his friends. 28. What advice does the writer give to Jessie? A. Tell your parents how you feel. B. Be ready to help other students. C. Study harder in the summer camp. D. See the advantage of what you dislike. 【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D 【解析】本文是三个青少年的问题以及作者给出的建议。 26.推理判断题。根据“What should I do?—Ann”、“My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike”和“I’m sad because I have to go to a summer camp. I just want to have a summer like my friends. Help me out!—Jessie”可知需要帮助的青少年对这篇文章最感兴趣，故选B。 27.细节理解题。根据“My room is always messy. No matter what I do, I can’t keep it clean!—Mike”可知Mike不知道如何整理他房间。故选C。 28.细节理解题。根据“We’re sorry you’re feeling this way! The best thing to do is to look at things on the bright side.”可知作者建议Jessie要看到事物好的一面，故选D。 考向二、记叙文 做记叙文的时候先将事情发生的时间、地点，人物弄清楚。然后了解事件发生经过。英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点、或过程。特点是，其主题往往潜伏在字里行间，没有直接地表白出来；文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。中考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous. So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot. Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema. Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place. I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited. “To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said. “No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.” “Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!” “Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy. “We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near. “I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved. “No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed. A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around! “The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run… Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star! Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard. “Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil. As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood. They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line-just one step behind the Red Team! “So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together. “Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five. “That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.” “Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling. 1 What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy? A. She didn’t want to play the game. B. She was a new student in her class. C. She was a member of the Red Team. D. She didn’t understand the game rules. 2. Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last? A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn’t know the way. C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game. 3. Where was the finish line of the game? A. In the park. B. Next to the post office. C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library. 4 Why did Amy smile at the end of the story? A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend. C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 【解析】这篇文章讲述了一个叫Amy的女孩在新学校参加游戏活动，与新认识的队友们一起完成任务，并且成为了好朋友的故事。Amy一开始非常紧张，因为不熟悉城市，无法提供很多有用的建议，但是队友们都没有介意并给予了她支持。在比赛过程中，他们一起寻找线索，完成任务，并且在最后一步比赛中只差一步落败，但是大家笑着庆祝并成为了好朋友。整个过程中，大家相互支持鼓励，体现了团队合作和友谊的精神。 本文以事件发展为线索： 新学期游戏中，新生Amy帮蓝队解谜，在队友鼓励下增加自信。他们解决线索，历经邮局、图书馆到达足球场。最后使用地图找到最终线索，紧随红队到达终点，团队表现让Amy赢得认可和友谊 1.推理判断题。根据“This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.”以及“So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town.”可推断艾米是班里的新学生。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据“Henry said. ‘You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.’ The others finally agreed.”（亨利说。“你知道我总是迟到。我知道城里所有的近路。”其他人最终同意了。）可知团队最后让亨利带路是相信他丰富的经验。故选C。 3.推理判断题。根据“Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索)”可知最开始的地方是在公园；根据“Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star!”（看看你去过哪里，看看你在哪里。明智地使用你的地图，你将成为一个明星！）结合图片可知，走过的路线要形成一个五角星，结合“As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.”和“They began running back to where they started.”可知比赛的终点线在公园，故选A。 4.推理判断题。根据“‘So…close…’ Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.”以及“I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”可知，艾米在故事的结尾笑了是因为她被当作朋友接受了。故选B。 考向三、说明文 说明文是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等作科学解说的。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，以冷静的心态阅读原文，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。 People believe that every word has its correct meaning(s). When we are not sure, we usually check online, or turn to our teachers or dictionaries. But do you know how dictionaries were made in the past? Dictionary writers first read the important books of the period or the subject that the dictionary was about. As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected. For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected. This task could last for years. As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). When this was done, there would be several hundred cards for each single word. Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word. Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him. So, the writing of a dictionary was not a task of inventing meanings of words, but a task of recording their meanings. The writer of a dictionary was a historian, not a law maker. As time develops, the way of producing dictionaries has greatly changed. Nowadays, we can use online dictionaries too. When choosing our words in speaking or writing, we can be guided by the dictionary. However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words. 37. Why did dictionary writers read important books? A. To know more about the period. B. To collect words and their uses. C. To understand different subjects. D. To learn to use interesting words. 38. Which shows the correct steps of how dictionaries were made in the past? A. ①-③-④-② B. ①-②-④-③ C. ③-④-②-① D. ③-①-④-② 39. What can we learn from the passage about dictionary writing in the past? A. It should be done by historians. B. It was a task of inventing and recording. C. It was long-time hard work. D. It had to use the law-making rules. 40. What does the writer advise us to do when we choose words in communication? A. Be open to the new uses of words. B. Follow the dictionary strictly. C. Use online dictionaries instead. D. Try to create new words. 【答案】37. B 38. D 39. C 40. A 【解析】本文主要介绍了过去词典是如何制作的。 37.推理判断题。根据“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words—both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used. That is to say, the words, along with the uses of each word, were collected.”（当他们阅读时，他们把必要的信息抄写在卡片上：有趣的单词，常见的单词——包括日常使用和不常用的单词，以及使用这些单词的句子。也就是说，这些单词以及每个单词的用法都被收集了起来。）可推知词典编纂者要读重要的书籍是为了收集单词及其用法，故选B。 38.细节理解题。根据“As they read, they copied necessary information on cards: interesting words, common words-both in their daily uses and unusual uses, and also the sentences where they were used.”、“As the cards were collected, they were put in alphabetical order (A—Z). ”、“Then, to define (定义) a word, the dictionary writer placed its hundreds of cards before him. He read the cards closely, threw away some, read the rest again, and divided up the cards according to what he thought were the common uses of the word.”、“Finally, he wrote the definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule: each definition must come from an example on a certain card in front of him.”可知，过去制作字典首先把有趣单词，日常使用和不寻常使用的常见单词，以及使用它们的句子记在卡片上；然后收集卡片时，按字母顺序（A-Z）排列；其次筛选卡片，根据词典编纂者认为的单词的常用用法将卡片分开；最后是按照硬性规定写下了定义，每个定义都必须来自他面前某张卡片上的一个例子。所以正确的步骤是③-①-④-②。故选D。 39.推理判断题。根据“For a really big dictionary, millions of such cards were collected.”（对于一本真正的大字典来说，收集了数百万张这样的卡片。）可知过去编纂词典是一项长期艰苦的工作。故选C。 40.细节理解题。根据“However, we cannot be controlled by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, and new feelings, are always pushing us to give new uses to old words.”可知作者建议大家在使用词典时不能被它所控制，因为新的情况、新的经历、新的发明和新的感受总是在推动我们对旧词赋予新的用途，也就是接受词汇的新用法。故选A。 考向四 议论文 英语议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。议论文特别注意主题句，往往有总说和分说的关系，主题句往往出现在第一句或最后归纳总结句中。 二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解。与前面做题相同。 三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。议论文一定有作者的观点，要正确把握。 We all enjoy being part of a group—there’s no better work than teamwork, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own. It’s a much better fit for me, and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier. Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult. There’s often someone on the team that puts their needs first. The team often goes along with this person, whose ideas might not be the best, just the loudest. Just one difficult personality can make teamwork hard. Combine (结合) several challenging personality types, and it’s even harder. Not having enough time together can also make teamwork challenging. For example, I was once on a team where we never had enough time to meet as a group. To successfully work as a team, you need time together—and lots of it. A final reason teamwork is difficult is because there’s often no training on how to work on a team. You can’t just put people in a room and expect them to work well with each other. You need to build trust with your team members. Think of football players: They aren’t just given a ball and told to play. They practice, and they train. Team can be hard, but working alone has its challenges, too. When my computer doesn’t work, I don’t have an IT person to turn to. When I have a great idea, I don’t have anyone to share it with to see if it really is a great idea. Don’t get me wrong—I still like my team of one and enjoy making all of the important decisions myself. But now I realize what was wrong with the teamwork I did in the past and how good teamwork could be if done correctly. And that’s useful information—because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM. 12. Why did the writer choose to work from home on his own? A. To keep himself busier. B. To keep himself healthier. C. To make his job easier. D. To make his team harder. 13. Which of the following makes teamwork difficult? A. Strong personality. B. Lots of teamwork time. C. Challenging ideas. D. Clear team roles. 14. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. WE TEAM has hardly any advantages. B. ME TEAM needs a lot of IT engineers. C. ME TEAM has no challenges for the writer. D. WE TEAM may be the writer’s choice one day. 15. What is the purpose of the text? A. To show the advantages of teamwork. B. To tell the importance of teamwork. C. To introduce the influence of teamwork. D. To explain the difficulties of teamwork. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. D 【解析】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。 12.细节理解题。根据“Teamwork can be hard. In fact, it was so difficult that I left my office job and started working from home on my own.”可知，作者选择自己在家工作是因为团队合作太难了，他想让工作更简单。故选C。 13.细节理解题。根据“Personalities (个性) can make teamwork difficult.”可知，成员的个性会使团队合作变得困难。故选A。 14.细节理解题。根据“because one day I might want to turn my ME TEAM into a WE TEAM.”可知，“大家的团队”也许有一天会成为作者的选择。故选D。 15.主旨大意题。根据主旨句“Teamwork can be hard… and it has made me think about why teamwork can make our jobs harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选D。 五种题型： 1. 细节理解题 ☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位 ☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断 ☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反或未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容 解题技巧： 通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意： 1. 五个W （who ， which ， when ， where ， what ）和一个H （ how ） ； 2. 数字、日期、时间等； 3. 注意加强语气的词。运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。 2.词句猜测题 此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。 解题技巧： 1. 从被考察词附近找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解 2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧： (1)注意定义和解释； (2)同义词或近义词的提示； (3)近义词和反义词的提示； (4)利用悬念的属种关系； (5)借助已有知识或生活常识。 3. 推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理) ☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解 ☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断 解题技巧： 1. 分析文章的主旨。 2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。 3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。 4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。 4. 主旨大意题(Best title) ☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到 ☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。 ☆题目类型： (1)关于主题型　找中心(Main Idea) Example 1:These two passages are _____________. A. diaries B. reports C. news D. ads (2)关于标题型 为文章选择标题(Title) Example 2:What would the best title for the passage? A. Good Health B. The Old People in the Mountains C. Long-lived People D. The Secret of Long Life (3)关于目的型 推断作者的写作意图(Purpose) Example 3:The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________. 【解题步骤】 （1） 先读问题，弄清考查要点。 （2） 快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。 （3） 细读原文，捕捉相关信息词。 （4） 重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。 【主要题型及解题技巧】 主旨大意题： 1. 抓住主题句，锁定文章主旨 2. 抓住段落大意，概括中心思想 3. 抓住主线和关键信息，归纳文章大意 细节理解和细节判断： 1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案猜测词义 1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜词 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来 推测词义： 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测 推理判断题： 1. 与原文相同的细节不能选 2. 文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断 【真题练手】 A As a fifth grade math teacher, Jenny met a problem in teaching. She noticed that some students entered her classroom at the second grade level, some were already at the eighth grade level, and then there were others in between. That is why Jenny began to take a more individualized teaching approach (方法) — mixed age classrooms. Often found in non-traditional schools, mixed age classrooms were popular until the mid-19th century, when they were replaced by an age education. Education reformers revived (恢复) mixed age education in the 1990s, arguing that it was more child-centered and suited students’ development. In mixed age classrooms, students of different ages may be in a single class together, but they are grouped by ability in different subjects. In this way, students receive education based on what they know and what they’re ready to learn next. Every child moves forward at their own pace and is not limited by their age. For example,9-to-11-year-old children who are very good at math are given the chance to learn algebra (代数), a subject which is not taught until the eighth grade, when students are 12 or 13. Studies have shown that mixed age classrooms are as effective as single-grade school in terms of learning achievement but better in terms of social skills. That is because students are learning how to work and play with others of different ages. Older children often take on a leadership role and help guide their classmates. That can be beneficial to their social skills. However, mixed age education also brings some challenges especially to teachers. Teaching can be more difficult because mixed age classes tend to be larger and teachers are required to make sure that students are in right groups, applying such an approach to standardized learning can be difficult, though not impossible. 31. Jenny’s problem in teaching was that her students _________. A. came from different grades B. were at different learning levels C. often went to wrong classrooms D. preferred to be in the eighth grade 32. In the 1990s, many schools returned to mixed age education to _________. A. gain popularity among students B. follow education policies C. meet students’ development needs D. include more students in a class 33. Students in mixed age classrooms are divided according to their _________. A. interest B. age C. subjects D. abilities 34. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us that children in mixed age classrooms _________. A. acquire social skills better B. achieve better learning results C. spend more time studying D. receive more mental guidance 35. What is discussed about mixed age education in the last paragraph? A. Its future. B. Its history. C. Its difficulties. D. Its standards. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种个性化的教学方法——混龄课堂。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“She noticed that some students entered her classroom at the second grade level, some were already at the eighth grade level, and then there were others in between. (她注意到，有些学生进入课堂时只有二年级的水平，有些已经达到八年级的水平，还有一些则介于两者之间。)”可知，珍妮在教学中遇到的问题是她的学生学习水平各不相同。故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Education reformers revived (恢复) mixed age education in the 1990s, arguing that it was more child-centered and suited students’ development. (20 世纪 90 年代，教育改革者恢复了混龄教育，他们认为这种教育更加以儿童为中心，更适合学生的发展。)”可知，20世纪90年代，许多学校恢复了混龄教育，以满足学生的发展需要。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In mixed age classrooms, students of different ages may be in a single class together, but they are grouped by ability in different subjects. (在混龄班级中，不同年龄的学生可以同在一个班级，但按能力分组，学习不同的科目。)”可知，混龄班的学生根据他们的能力分组。故选D。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Studies have shown that mixed age classrooms are as effective as single-grade school in terms of learning achievement but better in terms of social skills. (研究表明，就学习成绩而言，混龄教室与单年级学校一样有效，但就社交技能而言，混龄教室更好。)”可知，混龄班级中的儿童能更好地掌握社交技能。故选A。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“However, mixed age education also brings some challenges especially to teachers. Teaching can be more difficult... (不过，混龄教育也带来了一些挑战，尤其是对教师而言。教学可能会更加困难……)”可知，最后一段讨论了混龄教育的困难之处。故选C。 B A man who lived a long time ago believed that he could read the future in the stars. He called himself an astrologer (占星师). He spent his time at night watching the sky and was always busy worrying about the future. Some villagers often came to him, hoping to know what might happen to them in the future. One evening he was walking along the open road outside the village. His eyes were fixed on the stars. He thought he saw the end of the world was near. He was lost in thought. As he was looking at the stars, he kept walking without looking down. Suddenly, he fell into a pond. He was struggling in the water, unable to climb out. He cried for help. Hearing his cries, the villagers came up to help. As they pulled him out of the water, one of them said. “You think you can read the future in the stars, and yet you fail to see what is at your feet. This may teach you to pay more attention to what is right in front of you, and let the future take care of itself.” “What use is it to read the stars when you can’t see what’s right here on the earth?” said another. We all want our future to be bright and happy, but time doesn’t stop for anyone. Each tomorrow turn into today, and your present is also a part of your future. There is always a tomorrow to look forward to. You can’t go back to yesterday. So, live your present life well while you work for a better tomorrow. 36. According to Paragraph 1, the man thought that he _________. A. could change the villagers’ future B. was able to create his future C. could see the future in the stars D. came from the stars 37. Some villagers often visited the man to _________. A. ask about their future B. get some protection from him C. watch the stars with him D. build a good relationship with him 38. The man fell into the pond because _________. A. he knew a disaster was coming B. he couldn’t see the road clearly C. he was too worried about his future D. he fixed too much attention on the stars. 39. Some villagers suggested that the man _________. A. should not walk in the dark B. should ask for help from mothers C. should not think he knew everything D. should focus more on the present 40. What is the author’s view on the future? A. The future can be read in the stars. B. The future is built on the present. C. It is necessary to study the future. D. The future is the most important. 【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. D 40. B 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了过去有一个人号称自己能观天象、知未来，但是却忽略了现在，没有注意脚下的路，他为此差点丢掉性命。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A man who lived a long time ago believed that he could read the future in the stars. (很久以前，有一个人相信自己能从星象中预知未来。)”可知，该男子认为自己能从星象中看到未来。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Some villagers often came to him, hoping to know what might happen to them in the future. (一些村民经常来找他，希望知道他们将来会发生什么事。)”可知，村民经常拜访这个人，是想询问他们的未来。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As he was looking at the stars, he kept walking without looking down. Suddenly, he fell into a pond. (他一边看着星星，一边目不斜视地走着。突然，他掉进了一个池塘里。)”可知，这个人掉进池塘是因为他太关注星星，没有看脚下的路。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This may teach you to pay more attention to what is right in front of you, and let the future take care of itself. (这也许能教你更多地关注眼前的事物，让未来自己来处理自己。)”可知，一些村民建议该男子应该更加关注现在。故选D。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Each tomorrow turn into today, and your present is also a part of your future. (每个明天都会变成今天，你的现在也是你未来的一部分。)”可知，作者认为现在是未来的一部分，即未来建立在现在的基础上。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$