Unit 6 Earth first Starting out & Understanding ideas 导学案-2024-2025学年高一英语外研版（2019）必修第二册

(3)现在分词短语作结果状语。 Words & Phrases 1.surface vi.浮到水面 2. shark n.鲨(鱼) 3. attack n.袭击,攻击 4. strengthen vt.加强 People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse.It made people frightened of sharks,especially of the great white shark.Many people who saw the film started to believe that sharks were bad animals (4)that ate humans.Some people stopped swimming in the sea,(5)afraid of the horrible creature from the film.Other people started fishing for sharks,killing as many as they could.At that time,nobody cared if sharks were killed,(6)or how many were killed.People just wanted them killed. After 1975,the number of large sharks around America fell quickly,and soon fell around the world.This was not only due to fear of sharks,but also finning.Finning is a type of fishing (7)where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.The sharks are thrown back into the sea where they die slowly and painfully.The fins are used in shark fin soup.Finning kills millions of sharks a year. Sentences (4)that 引导 修饰先行词 。 (5)形容词短语作状语。 (6)or连接并列的 。 (7)关系副词where引导 ,修饰抽象名词 。 Words & Phrases 5. scare v.使(某人)惊恐,吓唬 adj.恐惧的;害怕的 adj.让人害怕的 adj.引起恐慌的 People have always been scared of sharks,but Jaws made things worse. (教材P62)人们总是害怕鲨鱼,但是《大白鲨》使事情变得更糟。 用法总结 (1)scare sb away/off把某人吓跑/吓退 scare sb into (doing) sth威胁/恐吓某人(做)某事 (2)be scared of sb/sth害怕某人/某物 be scared of doing sth害怕做某事 be scared to do sth害怕、恐惧做某事 (be) scared to death吓的要死 He the students silence.他把这些学生吓得不敢出声。 Once people the buses late at night. 从前人们害怕在深夜乘坐公共汽车。 The small animals when they saw a tiger walking towards them. 小动物看见一只老虎朝他们走来,吓得要跑开。 单句语法填空 ①They scared the little boy stealing foods in the supermarket. ②The little girl is scared of (go)out alone. ③The shy boy is scared (ask) for help at school. 6. horrible adj.可怕的 7. due to由于,因为 This was not only due to fear of sharks,but also finning.(教材P62) 这不仅是因为害怕鲨鱼,而且是由于捕鲨割鳍。 短语记牢 表原因的介词短语: because of,on account of,owing to,thanks to,as a result of等。 补全句子 ①The production has been increased by around 30 percent (由于新技术). 同义句转换 ②They have had another good harvest the heavy snow of last winter. They have had another good harvest the heavy snow of last winter. 提醒 (1)due to 意为“由于”常作表语,也作后置定语和状语。 (2)thanks to意为 “多亏;由于”,只作状语。 (3)owing to意为“由于” 常作状语。 (4)as a result of意为“由于” 作状语。 8. fin v.切去(鱼的)鳍 n.鱼鳍 9. cut off 切掉 Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off. (教材P62)捕鲨割鳍是一种捕鱼方式,在那里鲨鱼被捕获,他们的鳍被切断。 短语记牢 cut down削减;删节;砍伐 cut out 切去;省略;停止(做某事) cut up 切碎;剪碎 cut through 穿过;穿透 cut in 插入;插嘴;超车抢道 选用上述短语填空 ①It was a cold January in 1925 in Nome,Alaska.The town was from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. ②Every one of us can make a great effort to the use of energy in our country. ③She kept on our conversation,which made us very angry. ④ the carrots before you put them into the pot. ⑤He the park and got there in time. (8)Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley,the man who wrote the book (9)the film Jaws was based on.In 1980,Benchley was diving when he came across an awful sight.It was an area where fishermen were finning,and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.Benchley saw sharks (10)being killed and this caused a deep change in him.He came to see people as a danger to sharks,rather than the other way round.From that day on,he fought to protect sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.“Sharks don’t target humans,” he said.Experts have proved that sharks do not see people as food,and they attack us by mistake.Only around six people are killed by sharks every year. Fortunately,(11)not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.Today,(12)as we learn more about sharks,more people than ever want to protect them from extinction. Sentences (8)动名词finning作 。 (9)省略 的 ,修饰 。 (10)现在分词的被动形式being killed作 。 (11).Fortunately,not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks—some became interested in understanding them.(教材P63) 幸运的是,并不是所有看过《大白鲨》这部电影的人都害怕鲨鱼——有些人对理解鲨鱼很感兴趣。 【分析】 not everyone是部分否定用法。who 引导的 修饰 。 【拓展】 部分否定的构成:含“全部/所有/任何”等意义的词(如all,everything,always等)与not连用。 It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs,because not all of them are fit for them. 并非所有的求职者都能找到工作,因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。 Both of the windows in my bedroom are not facing to the south. 我卧室里的两扇窗户不都是朝南的。 We all agree that everything in the office satisfying.我们都认为办公室里的一切并不都令人满意。 补全句子 ①But (并非这两个城市都) develop slowly over a long period of time. ② (不是所有的文化) greet each other the same way. ③It is (并不总是容易的) for the public to see what use a new invention can be of to human life. 一句多译 ④事实是并不是每个人重视合理安排时间。 The truth is that is attaching great importance to time management. The truth is that attaching great importance to time management. ⑤并不是两道数学题都很难。 Both of the two maths problems . the two maths problems are very difficult. (12)as 引导 。 Words & Phrases 10. have an unexpected effect upon 有无法预知的影响 Finning would have an unexpected effect upon Peter Benchley,the man who wrote the book the film Jaws was based on. (教材P63)捕鲨割鳍对彼得 本奇利产生了意想不到的影响,电影《大白鲨》就是根据他的书改编的。 短语记牢 take effect生效,实行 come /go into effect开始生效,开始实施 put sth into effect实施,实行 选用上述短语填空 ①Her illness her work. ②It won’t be easy to the changes . ③The new tax rates from April. 同义句转换 ④After a heated discussion at the meeting,a new plan came into being,which would affect greatly the cultural life of the people. After a heated discussion at the meeting,a new plan came into being,which would the cultural life of the people. 提醒 (1)affect常作及物动词,“影响,感动,感染”。 (2)effect常作名词,“结果,效果,作用,影响”。 11. dive v.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水 12. be covered with 覆盖 13. from that day on从那天起 14. be wrong about 在……方面是错的; 误解…… He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ behaviour.(教材P63) 他承认他的书对鲨鱼行为的描写是错误的。 短语记牢 go wrong 犯错,弄错 do wrong to sb对待(某人)不公平;冤枉某人 补全句子 ①We can often (误解)each other,so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do! ②Sometimes you can (犯错),but this is the best way to learn this new language. ③Mary’s friend felt regret for he (冤枉她). 提醒 wrong 是个多义词 (1)adj.错误的;有毛病的;不适当的;不道德的 (2)adv.错误地 (3)n.不义行为;坏事;犯罪;欺骗;错误;不公正 (4)v.冤枉;不公正地对待 15. target v.把……作为目标 “Sharks don’t target humans,” he said.(教材P63)“鲨鱼不以人类为目标,”他说。 用法总结 achieve one’s target达到目标 aim at a target瞄准目标 hit/set a target完成/定指标 The campaign will American insurance companies. 这场活动将以美国各保险公司为目标。 The area has become a prime for supermarket development. 该地区成了发展超市的首选之地。 We should and try to achieve it. 我们应该设定一个目标,并努力实现它。 单句语法填空/补全句子 ①Google used the data collected from users (target)advertising better. ②The woman (瞄准目标) but hit the wall. 提醒 target可以用作名词,意为“目标”。 16. by mistake 错误地 17. fortunately adv.幸运地 18. extinction n.灭绝,绝种 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ( 练习巩固 ) .单句语法填空 1.The children in his class are used to referring to that old teacher Grandpa. 2.The prince felt (scare) when he heard the terrible noise outside his palace. 3.Most teenagers see him an artist because he created such dramatic cartoons. 4.Peter rather than I (doubt)whether the problem is worth thinking about. 5. (fortunate) for him,he was very soon offered another job in a big company. 6.In spite of failing to save every endangered species,we may protect the majority from (extinct). 7.Not only I but also Jim (have) no desire to say anything at all about the technique in the painting. 8.As soon as they found out I was a doctor,their whole attitude me changed. .选词填空 ( rather than,refer to,the other way round,be frightened of, due to,cut...off,protect...from,in fear ) 1.We were suddenly in the middle of our telephone conversation. 2.As soon as the little boy saw the crocodile,she ran away . 3.When climbing,the girl standing near the edge of the rocks. 4.As an art student, he passed the exam but dropped out of school economic pressures the next year. 5.She thought I her daughter when we were talking. 6.In my opinion,it is the coach the players that is to blame. 7.It is possible that life forms from Earth travelled to Mars and perhaps existed there—or . 8.Each company is fighting to its own interests being affected. .补全句子 1.The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge (被看作) one of the most recognizable buildings in the world. 2. (对待工作有积极的态度) is important for ensuring that you have a fulfilling and enjoyable life. 3.The Americans and the British (不仅说相同的语言而且) share a large number of social customs. 4. (不是每个人都被影响) by his comments,and some of boys felt satisfied with the result. 5. (当我在车站等的时候),I came across one of my old friends. 6.After graduation she reached a point in her career (她必须决定该做什么的地步). ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ( 归纳总结 ) Fill in the blanks according to the text. Jaws,1. (attract) huge audiences and winning many awards,tells the story of a great white shark that attacks and kills swimmers.It misled people to see sharks 2. horrible animals,which made more sharks 3. (kill). Besides this,because of finning,4. number of large sharks around America fell quickly,and soon fell around the world.In 1980,Peter Benchley,the man who wrote the book the film Jaws 5. (base) on came across the awful sight 6. the sea floor was covered with dead sharks.He admitted that his book was wrong about sharks’ 7. (behave) and began to fight to protect sharks. 8. (fortunate),more and more people became interested in 9. (understand) them and protect them from 10. (extinct). ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ( 家庭作业 ) .阅读理解 A The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means.Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago,but it has brought new problems.One of the biggest problems is pollution.To pollute means to make things dirty.Pollution comes in many ways.We see it,smell it,drink it and even hear it. Man has been polluting the earth.The more people,the more pollution.Many years ago,the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people.When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place,man moved to another place.But this is no longer true.Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still the most serious.It’s bad for all living things in the world,but it is not the only one kind of pollution.Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water.Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories from putting dirty smoke into the air.Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution.It is caused by heavy traffic.We are sure that if there are fewer people driving,there will be less air pollution. The earth is our home.We must take care of it.That means keeping the land,water and air clean.And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time. 1.What makes our world become much smaller? A.Science development. B.The rise in population. C.The pollution on the earth. D.The strong wind. 2.What was life like hundreds of years ago? A.It was much easier than today. B.It was much harder than today. C.It was the same as today. D.It was hard to describe. 3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Rubbish. B.Water pollution. C.Air pollution. D.Noise pollution. 4.According to the text,how can we reduce pollution? A.Making rules to fight pollution. B.Drinking as little water as possible. C.Stop buying new things. D.Only walking to work. B Who would have thought that there was any connection between a cup of coffee and a bird,butterfly,or even a bat?Such seems to be the case,however,as methods for growing coffee plants have gradually changed over time. Coffee plants were first discovered growing in Africa hundreds of years ago.The plants grew under a wide cover of forests,which protected the coffee plants’ leaves from the burning sun.As coffee was introduced to other countries,farmers would naturally try to grow the plants in the shade of tall trees.These trees provided more than shade for coffee plants;they were also home for many species of birds,insects,and other plants. Over the past 30 to 40 years,people developed a new kind of coffee plant,one which grows well in open sunlight.Sun-grown coffee produced two times more coffee than shade-grown coffee in the same amount of time and space.As a result,the growing need for coffee makes the sun-grown method appear to be the best way to grow coffee. However,this newer method has some unexpected results.First,the lack of tree cover leaves the land open to heavy rainfall,which can wash away the soil’s nutrients(营养物质).This necessitates an increased use of fertilizers and additives,which is likely to create health risks.Second,as forests are taken down to make way for sun-grown coffee plants,native and migratory birds no longer have a home.This is threatening many species,and the effect is now being examined and recorded by ornithologists,who are discovering sharp falls in some species that travel to the northern United States each year.Finally,more pesticides(农药) are used in the sun-grown method,all of which have a bad influence on both the environment and the long-term health of the coffee plants themselves. Today,as more people recognize the problems of coffee grown in the sun,perhaps they will be willing to pay the higher prices,encouraging coffee growers to return to the more natural method of producing this worldwide product. 5.Compared with shade-grown coffee,sun-grown coffee . A.grows more slowly B.tastes much better C.is more productive D.is more expensive 6.What do ornithologists most probably do? A.Protect forests. B.Grow coffee. C.Make pesticides. D.Study birds. 7.What does the author want coffee farmers to do? A.Grow shade-grown coffee. B.Improve coffee production. C.Sell coffee at lower prices. D.Plant a new kind of coffee. 8.The text mainly explains the connection between . A.coffee and forests B.coffee production and the environment C.coffee farmers and animals D.coffee and sunlight .七选五 How to Have a Successful Teenage Life Everyone dreams of success in their life, don’t they? Even as a teenager, you can achieve success in your life; it really isn’t that hard. 1 Do well in school. No matter how boring it is now, education will help you be a productive member in society.Try your best for excellence in school; listen to the teachers, do your homework, study, and get good grades.Doing so will help you get into a better university, which will enable you to have a bright future. 2 Do good in your community(社区). Volunteering can not only improve your community’s status, but it could make you happier.Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop depression (抑郁)than people who don’t. 3 For example, if you love animals, volunteer at an animal shelter.If you love helping the environment, plant trees or pick up litter.When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself. 4 Remember, they’re there to help you be the best that you can be.Respect them and value their opinions, even if they annoy you sometimes. 5 You don’t get to choose your teachers or your family, but you still have to put up with them.Learn how to deal with people now, because when you’re an adult, you don’t get to choose your boss or your co-workers, so learn how to respect them now. These points can help you enjoy success in your teenage life. ( A.Live life to the fullest. B.School sets you up on the right track! C.Be nice to your parents and teachers. D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you. E.It will help you pass time and develop your personality. F.Here are some important points that you may find helpful. G.Keep it in mind that they do the things because they care about you. ) .语法填空 Jenny stared at her cousin disapprovingly(不以为然地).“Tony,is 1. really true that you’ve never seen the ocean?” Tony felt exhausted.Why had he told his parents he would come 2. this trip?It had seemed like a great idea last month. Now that he was 3. (actual) here,he wasn’t so sure.Jenny sounded mean.Tony felt like she wasn’t happy 4. (see) him.“No,I’ve never seen it,” he answered quietly.“Tony lives in New Mexico,Jen.Look it up on the map.It’s nowhere near the ocean.That’s one of the 5. (reason) why your cousin came to visit us.Right,Tony?” asked Jen’s dad,“Right,” Tony said 6. then he thought of something.“Jenny,when was the last time you saw a desert?”“I’ve never seen a desert but that doesn’t matter.I mean,who would want to go to 7. desert anyway?” she said coldly.“You’ve never seen a desert?Are you kidding?” 8. (say) Tony,sounding as surprised as Jenny. Jenny’s dad smiled at them.“Okay,you two.9. (put) your sneakers on.Mom’s taking you to the beach.” Twenty minutes later,Tony stood on the beach 10. (stare) at the Atlantic Ocean.He’d had no idea that it was so big. 3 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$