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专题02 Module 1 ~Module 6常考点和易错点串讲
1.
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Module 1
1.practise/ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习
常见搭配:
practise doing sth. 练习做某事
That sounds like a fun way to practise writing. 那听起来像是一种有趣的练习写作的方式。
2.meaning/ˈmiːnɪŋ/ n. 意义;意思
作名词,常用搭配:the meaning of "……的意义/意思"。
A character stands for a word and also a meaning. 一个字符代表一个字,也代表一个意思。
Finally they understood the meaning of life after the accident last year.在去年的事故之后,他们终于明白了生命的意义。
相关词语
3.look up查;查找
属于"动词+副词"型短语。名词作其宾语时,放在up前后均可;代词作其宾语时,只能放在两者之间。其宾语是要查找的对象,如word、phone number等。
Now, many students don't look up new words in the dictionary; they look them up on the Internet. 现在,很多学生不在词典中查生词,他们在网上查。
与look相关的常见短语还有
look after 照顾 look (a)round 环顾
look at 看;察看 look for 寻找
look forward to 盼望 look over 仔细检查
look through 浏览 look into 朝里面看;调查
3.mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n. 错误;过错
在此作可数名词。常用短语:make a mistake/make mistakes "犯错误", by mistake"错误地,无意中"。
作动词,意为"看错;误解"。
mistake...for...把……错当成……
They often mistake Li Ming for his twin brother. 他们经常把李明错当成他的孪生哥哥。
4.advice(不可数名词) /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 意见;建议
5.as...as possible尽可能……(相当于as...as one can/could)
该结构中的两个as之间的形容词或副词用原级, 其中possible作形容词,意为"可能的"。
My grandpa is sleeping, so I walk as quietly as possible.我爷爷正在睡觉,所以我尽可能轻声地走路。
6.Why not +动词原形...?
提建议的句型,相当于"Why don't you/we+动词原形...?"。其答语常为"That's a good idea." 或"Sounds great/good."。
—Why not go out for a picnic this Sunday?为什么这周日不出去野餐呢?
—Sounds great!听起来不错!
7.forget(过去式:forgot)/fəˈɡet/ v. 忘;忘记
forget to do sth.忘记做某事(没有做)
My father forgot to feed. .the pet dog, so it was still hungry.我爸爸忘记喂宠物狗了,所以它还饿着。
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做了)
My father forgot feeding the pet dog, and he fed it again.我爸爸忘记喂过宠物狗了,又喂了它一次。
8.It's +n./adj.+ to do sth.
意为"做某事是……(的)",其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth.(常考点)。
It's a good habit to take a walk after supper. 晚饭后散步是个好习惯。
It's right to help people in trouble. 帮助处于困境中的人是对的
9.How about...?(相当于"What about…?")……怎么样?
用来向对方提出建议。其中about作介词,其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语。
How about another piece of cake? 再吃块蛋糕怎么样?
10.need v. 需要
作实义动词。常用结构:
need sth.需要某物
need to do sth.需要做某事
(sth.) need(s) doing(某事/物)需要被做
The flowers need watering and you need to water them every day. 这些花需要浇水,并且你需要每天给它们浇水。
还可作情态动词,多用于疑问句和否定句中。
Need they do their homework right now? In my opinion, they needn't do it at once.他们需要马上做作业吗?依我看,他们不必马上做。
11.something new新的东西
为形容词修饰复合不定代词的形式。复合不定代词若有定语(形容词、不定式、else等)修饰,定语要后置。
This is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new.这是一个终身的旅程,因为每一天都会带来新的东西。
Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?
I don't want anything else. Thanks.我不想要别的东西了,谢谢。
12.advise(名词形式为advice"不可数名词" )/ədˈvaɪz/v.向……提出意见;忠告;建议
advise doing sth.
I advise waiting until tomorrow. 我建议等到明天。
advise sb.(not) to do sth.
The expert Zhong Nanshan advises us not to go to crowded places.专家钟南山
建议我们不要去人群密集的地方。
13.suggest(名词形式为suggestion"可数名词")/səˈdʒest/ v. 建议;提议
作"建议;提议"讲且其后接宾语从句时,从句常用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
他建议我们乘火车去。
(×)He suggested that we went by train.
(√)He suggested that we (should) go by train.
suggest doing sth."建议做某事"。
Our PE teacher suggests doing more exercise.我们的体育老师建议多锻炼。
14.too many,too much与much too
too many
"太多",修饰可数名词复数。
too much
"太多",修饰不可数名词或动词。
much too
"太",修饰形容词或副词。
Module2
1.in the 1980s(也可写作"1980's",读作"nineteen eighties")在20世纪80年代
表示"在……世纪……年代"时,必须同时具备以下三点:
①介词用in
②年代前必须加定冠词the
③在年代后加-s或's(如1980s或1980's)
In the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. 在20世纪40年代,沙石峪的村民们缺衣少食,但是他们强烈盼望着更好的生活。
2.some day将来有一天;有朝一日
some day与one day
some day
指将来的"某一天",用于将来时。
Some day he will be a successful writer. 有朝一日他会成为一名成功的作家。
one day
指过去或将来的"某一天",可用于过去时和将来时。
One day I met her on the street.有一天我在街上遇到了她。
3.as+形容词/副词原级+as...
该结构意为"和……一样……"。其否定形式为"not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...",意为"不如……那么……"。
The tree is almost as tall (形容词原级)as the house.这棵树
几乎和那栋房子一样高。
Jim runs as fast (副词原级)as his father.吉姆跑得和他爸爸一样快。
Hans is not as/so smart as (否定结构)his younger brother.汉斯没有他弟弟聪明。
4.population/ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn/ n. (某一地区的)人口,全体居民
集合名词,常与定冠词the连用。the population of"……的人口",作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。使用该词时应注意以下几点:
(1)表示人口"多"或"少"时,要用large/big或small。
India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
(2)①询问"某地有多少人口"的句型:What's the population of...?/How large is the population of ...?
②表示"某地有多少人口"的句型:The population of...is+数字./...has a population of+数字.
5.million /ˈmɪljən/ num.百万
Mars goes around the sun at a distance of around 228 million kilometers.火星绕着太阳转,距日约2.28亿千米。
用法类似的词还有hundred(百)、thousand(千)、billion(十亿)。
6.介词in/on/to表示的方位
Hainan is in the south of China. 海南在中国南部。
Canada is on the north of the US. 加拿大在美国北边。
Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。
7.be famous for,be famous as与be famous to
be famous for
因……而闻名
后接闻名的原因(人的某种知识、技能或特征;地方的某种特产等)。
be famous as
作为……而闻名
后接表示人的身份、职称或某物的产地等的词。
be famous to
为……所熟知
后接表示人的词。
8.某些词与不定冠词连用时,用a或an的特殊情况:
拼写以辅音字母开头,但发音以元音音素开头的单词, 要用an。
hour(小时)、honest(诚实的)等。
拼写以元音字母开头,但发音以辅音音素开头的单词,要用a。
useful(有用的)、university(大学)、usual(通常的)、European(欧洲的)等。
9.that作代词的用法
英语中为了避免重复,经常用代词代替前面提到的名词。在比较状语从句中,常用that代替前面出现过的不可数名词和可数名词单数;若代替可数名词复数,用those。
The production of potatoes is usually more than that of most crops.土豆的产量比大多数农作物的产量都要高。
The students in our class work harder than those in their class. 我们班的学生比他们班的学生学习刻苦。
Module3
1.boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 烦人的;无聊的
boring与bored
boring
烦人的;无聊的
常用来修饰物,指物本身无趣。
bored
感到厌烦的
常用来修饰人,指人的感受。
归纳总结
通常,-ed形式的形容词表示(身体上或精神上的)状态或人内心的感受,常意为"感到……的";而-ing形式的形容词则表示事物的性质或特征,常意为"令人……的"。
-ing形容词
-ed形容词
exciting令人激动的
excited感到激动的
relaxing使人放松的
relaxed感到放松的
surprising令人惊讶的
surprised感到惊讶的
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
tiring累人的
tired感到累的
2.matter /ˈmætə/ n. 问题;麻烦
常用于固定句型"What's the matter(with...)?",意为"(……)怎么了?",用来询问某人或某物出了什么问题,相当于"What's the trouble(with...)?"或"What's wrong (with...)?"。
What's the matter with your head?你的头怎么了?
What's the matter with Jack? He looks unhappy. 杰克怎么了?他看起来很不高兴。
作动词,意为"要紧,有关系"。
It's time that matters. 重要的是时间。
It doesn't matter if you're rich or poor.富有还是贫穷都没关系。
3.that's because...那是因为……
该句型表示的结果在前,原因在后。
He has lung disease. That is because he smokes a lot.他有肺病,那是因为他吸烟吸得厉害。
拓展that's why...意为"那是……的原因",该句型表示的原因在前,结果在后。
He hurt his leg. That's why he lost the game. 他伤了腿,那就是他比赛失利的原因。
4.mind/maɪnd/ v. 介意;讨厌;反对
作动词,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
mind sth. 介意某事
mind doing . sth. 介意做某事
mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
I hope you don't mind the noise. 希望你不介意这声音。
Would you mind changing your seat? 你介意换一下座位吗?
Are you married, if you don't mind me asking?如果你不介意,可以问一下你结婚了吗?
5.not...but...不是……而是……
该结构在句中连接两个并列成分,本句but后省略了going。当它连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循"就近原则",即谓语动词的单复数由but后的主语决定。
His brother doesn't enjoy playing the piano but the violin. 他弟弟不喜欢弹钢琴,而喜欢拉小提琴。
They came not to help us but to get us into trouble. 他们来不是帮我们,而是让我们陷入困境。
Not I but my sister is good at playing the violin. 不是我,而是我姐姐擅长拉小提琴。
6.so that 以便,为了
相当于in order that,引导目的状语从句,从句中常含有can、could、may、might、would等情态动词。
We must wear masks so that we can protect ourselves well.我们必须戴口罩,以便我们能很好地保护自己。
She ran every morning so that she would realize her dream of being the best runner in the school. 她每天早上跑步,是为了实现自己成为学校最佳赛跑运动员的梦想。
拓展①so that/in order that+句子 (当主从句主语一致时,可与②进行同义转换)为了……
②in order to/so as to+动词原形 为了……
I get up early every day so that/in order that I can get to school on time.=I get up early every day in order to/so as to get to school on time. 为了按时到校,我每天起床都很早。
7.beat与win
beat
过去式为beat,意为"打败;战胜",其后宾语通常是比赛/竞争的对手,即表示人或团队的名词或代词。beat sb.(in the match)"(在比赛中)战胜某人"。
If you beat him, we'll win this match. 如果你击败他,我们将会赢得这场比赛。
win
过去式为won,意为"赢;获胜",其后宾语通常是表示比赛、战争、奖品或金钱等的名词。win the match"赢得比赛"。
8.pleased/pliːzd/ adj. 开心的;满足的
作形容词,相当于happy、glad等。常用结构:
She was very pleased with the result of the race. 她对比赛结果很满意。
He was very pleased at the news. 听到这个消息他非常高兴。
Boya was pleased to hear Zhong's words.听到钟(子期)的话,(俞)伯牙很高兴。
We're very pleased that you can come. 你们能来,我们很高兴。
9.careless/ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的;疏忽的
作形容词,由"care(n.小心)+-less(否定后缀)"构成,可作表语或定语。
It's careless of the boy to leave the tap running. 这个男孩让水龙头一直开着,太粗心了。(选自扬州中考)(作表语)
The careless driver had a car accident.那个粗心的司机出了车祸。(作定语)
与careless相关的词:
10.cheer...on 用欢呼声激励;为……加油
cheer +名词+on=cheer on + 名词
cheer +. .代词 (宾格形式,只能放在中间)+on
People cheered their favourite players on.=People cheered on their favourite players. 人们为他们最喜爱的运动员加油。
We cheered him on. 我们给他鼓劲儿。
拓展cheer up意为"(使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来"。代词作宾语时,要放在cheer与up之间。
11.confident(confidence"信心",为不可数名词) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的
作形容词,常用于以下结构
I feel confident to pass the driving test. 我有信心通过驾照考试。
We should be always confident about our motherland. 我们应该一直对我们的祖国充满信心。
I'm confident that there will be no problem this time.我确信这次不会有问题。
12.join,join in与take part in
join
表示加入某个政党、团体或组织等并成为其中一员,如入党、入团、参军等。
join in
表示加入、参与某种活动,后常接表示竞赛、娱乐、游戏等的名词。
take part in
表示参加会议或群众性的活动等并在活动中发挥作用。
I joined the Communist Party of China in 2010. 我2010年加入了中国共产党。
Please come and join in the game.请来参加这个游戏。
More than 700 football teams take part in the competition every year. 每年有超过700支足球队参加比赛。
Module4
1.happen v. 发生,出现
作不及物动词,常指偶然发生。主语通常是事(物)。常见用法:
(1)sth. happen(s)/happened+时间状语/地点状语"某时/某地发生某事"
Every year, forest fires happen at times in different places. 每年,森林大火在不同的地方时有发生。
(2)sth. happen(s)/happened to sb."某人发生某事"
What happened to Tom yesterday? 昨天汤姆发生了什么事?
拓展 还可意为"碰巧"。happen to do sth."碰巧做某事"。
He happened to look into her shopping basket and was surprised to see cat food. 他碰巧往她的购物篮里看了看,很惊奇地看到了猫粮。
2.except/ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外
except,but与besides
except
除……之外(不包括其后的词)
常用于同类事物的排除,指从整体中减去一部分,不包括在内。
but
除……之外(不包括其后的词)
只用于不定代词all、none以及由no、every和any构成的复合不定代词等词之后。
besides
除……之外(还)(包括其
后的名词)
指在整体上包括除去的部分,即 "包括在内"。
Don't share your passwords with anyone except your parents. 不要与父母以外的任何人分享你的密码。(密码只能告诉父母)
There's nothing but a desk in the room.房间里除了一张书桌外什么也没有。(房间里只有一张书桌)
Besides. .the painting show, a speech competition gets tons of attention. 除了画展,演讲比赛也备受关注。(画展和演讲比赛都受关注)
3.maybe与may be
maybe
副词,在句中作状语,意为"大概,或许,可能",相当于 perhaps,常置于句首,有时也可位于句中。
may be
may be属于"情态动词+be动词"结构,在句中作谓语,意为"可能是"。
Maybe she is a doctor.=She may be a doctor.她可能是个医生
4.far /fɑː/ adv.远;遥远 adj.远的;遥远的
Most of these boys' parents work in big cities far from the village. 这些男孩的父母大多在远离村庄的大城市工作。
I saw her on the far side of the road.我看见她在马路那头。
特别提醒
far的比较级和最高级
farther/farthest
分别表示空间或时间上"更远""最"
further/furthest
除分别表示空间或时间上"更远""最远"外,还可分别表示程度上"更进一步""最大限度"
5,含有how的其他特殊疑问短语:
how soon
"多久",主要用来对"in+时间段"进行提问。
how often
"多久一次",主要用来对"频度副词"或"一段时间内某事发生的次数"进行提问。
how far
"多远", 主要用来对"距离"进行提问。常用"...minutes'/hours' walk"(步行……分钟/小时的路程)或"...minutes'/hours' drive"(……分钟/小时的车程)等回答。
—How soon can you get here?你多久能到这儿?
—In an hour. 一个小时后。
—How often do you take a piano lesson? 你多久上一次钢琴课?
—Twice a week.一周两次。
—How far is it from your house to our school? 从你家到我们 学校有多远?
—Ten minutes' walk.步行十分钟的路程。
6.across,through与over
across
指从事物表面的一边到另一边,如:过河、过马路等。
through
指从事物的内部穿过,如:穿过洞穴、隧道、森林等。
over
指翻过一个高的障碍物(如树、墙、篱笆和山脉等)到另一侧的动作。
7.however与but
however
作副词,位于句首、句中、句末均可。
用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
but
作并列连词,位于所引出的分句之首。
but之后一般不用逗号。
However, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. 然而,为了远离麻烦而撒谎最终会导致更多的麻烦。
We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give. 我们生存靠的是我们所得到的东西,但我们生活靠的却是我们所付出的东西。
8.cost/kɒst/ v.价钱为;花费 n.价钱;成本;代价
作及物动词,其主语一般为物。其过去式是cost。常用结构:物+cost(s)(sb.)+钱"某物花费(某人)多少钱"。
The training shoes cost me 220 yuan. 这双运动鞋花了我220元。
辨析cost,spend, take与pay
The meal cost us about $40. 这顿饭花了我们约40美元。
You spent too much time on TV.=You spent too much time (in)watching TV. 你花了太多时间在(看)电视上。
It took us over 4 years to build the Metro Line 1. 建地铁1号线花了我们四年多的时间。
I paid $40 for a skirt. 我花40美元买了条裙子。
9.because与 because of
because
连词
其后接表示原因的句子。
because of
短语介词
其后接名词、代词或动词-ing。
She didn't go to school because of her illness.=She didn't go to school because she was ill. 由于生病,她没有去上学。
Module5
1.offer/ˈɒfə/ v. 提议;提出
When I have difficulty in making a choice, Mr Wu will offer me some suggestions.当我难以作出选择时,吴先生会给我一些建议。
A stranger offered to give her a ride on the street, but she refused politely. 一个陌生人在街上让她搭便车,但是她礼貌地拒绝了。
2)还可意为"提供,给予"。offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物。
The young should offer the seats to the old(=offer the old the seats)on the bus. 在公共汽车上,年轻人应该主动给老年人让座。
2.one of+the/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+形容词最高级+可数名词复数
该结构意为"最……的……之一"。
FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sports events in the world. 世界杯是世界上最盛大的体育赛事之一。
Betty is one of my/Lucy's best friends.贝蒂是我/露西最好的朋友之一。
拓展one of后面还可接名词或代词的复数形式。"one of+名词/代词复数"结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.长城是世界七大奇迹之一。
One of them is good at swimming.他们中有一人擅长游泳。
3.if/ɪf/ conj. 如果;若
If there is a will, there is always light on the road to knowledge. 如果有意志,通向知识的道路上总会有光。
特别提醒
若主句用一般将来时、主句是祈使句或含有情态动词,if引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
I will go shopping if it doesn't rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去购物。
Let me know if there's something else I can do. 如果还有什么我能做的,请告诉我。
拓展if 作连词,还可意为"是否",引导宾语从句,从句的时态根据实际情况而定。
I didn't know if she was laughing. 我不知道她是否在笑。
I wonder if he will come to my party tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否会来参加我的聚会。
4.take place 进行;发生
take place
指根据安排或计划发生,含有事先预料或准备的意思。
happen
指具体客观事件的发生,有偶然性,未能预见。
Module6
1.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ n. 危险;危害
(2)还可作可数名词,意为"危害"。
Smoking is a serious danger to health. 吸烟严重危害健康。
拓展(1)与danger相关的词语:
(2)常见的"in+名词"型短语还有:
in common 共有 in secret 秘密地;暗地里
in return 作为回报 in public 公开地;当众
in silence 沉默地 in trouble 处于困境中
2.interested/ˈɪntrəstɪd/adj. 关心的;感兴趣的
常用结构
My sister is interested in geography. 我妹妹对地理感兴趣。
He became interested in collecting kites after he watched a documentary. 他看了一部纪录片后,开始对收集风筝感兴趣。
辨析interest,interesting与interested
interest
名词,意为"兴趣"
take(an)interest in "对……感兴趣"。
及物动词,意为"使感兴趣"
interest sb."使某人感兴"。
interesting
形容词,意为"有趣的"
表示事物自身的特点。
interested
形容词,意为"感兴趣的"
表示人对事物的主观感受。
3.allow/əˈlaʊ/ v.允许;准许
常用结构:allow sb./sth. to do sth."允许……做某事"。
My parents don't allow me to hang out with friends at night. 我的父母不允许我晚上和朋友出去闲逛。
4.think of的其他常见义项
对……有(某
种)看法
常用于句型
"What do you think of...?",可用"How do you like...?"替换。
What do you think of the movie?=How do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
记得,想起
常与情态动词can连用。
I can't think of her name at the moment. 我这会儿想不起她的名字。
(2) 与think相关的常见短语还有:
5.protect/prəˈtekt/ v. 保护;保卫
常用结构:protect...from/against..."保护……免遭……",通常指使人或物免受危险、侵袭或伤害等。
What a sunny day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to protect myself from the sunlight and heat.多么晴朗的天气啊!幸运的是,我带了一把伞来保护自己免受阳光和高温的伤害。
Everyone should play a part in the environmental protection. 每个人都应该在环保方面发挥作用。
6.take away 夺去;拿走
固定搭配,属于"动词+副词"型短语。
take+名词+away=take away+名词
take+代词+away(代词为宾格形式,只能放中间)
Laughing took away his pain after half a year.半年后笑声带走了他的痛苦。(选自黔东南州中考)
He didn't find his dictionary and wanted to know who took it away.他找不到他的词典了,想知道谁把它拿走了。
拓展(1)与take相关的常见短语:
take off 起飞;脱下 take back 收回
take up 占用;开始从事 take over 接管
take down 取下;记下 take after 长得像
(2)与away相关的动词短语:
send away发送;派遣 throw away扔掉
put away把……收拾起来 give away分发;捐赠
run away逃跑 pass away 去世
7.enough/ɪˈnʌf/adj.足够的;充分的
Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water. 没有足够的水时,有些树会发出咔哒声。
拓展 还可作副词和代词,其用法如下:
8.find out 查明,弄清
辨析look for,find与find out
look for
"寻找",强调动作或过程,是延续性动词。
find
"找到",强调结果,是非延续性动词。
find out
"查明,弄清",强调经过认真观察、调查或研究后而弄清真相、事实。
9.in order to 为了
固定短语,其后接动词原形,通常作目的状语,可置于句首或句中。其否定形式是in order not to。
In order to protect his eyes, he seldom uses electronic products.为了保护眼睛,他很少使用电子产品。
In order not to be late for school, he got up very early this morning.为了上学不迟到,今天早上他起床很早。
拓展 表示"为了……"的表达还有:
10.set up 开办;设立;创办;建立
为"动词+副词"型短语。还可意为"设置;安装好;安排,策划"。
set+名词+up=set up+名词
set+代词(宾格形式,只能放中间)+up
We are planning to set up a business. 我们正打算开办一家公司。
The police set up roadblocks there. 警察在那里设置了路障。
I've set up a meeting for Friday. 我已安排好在星期五开会。
拓展(1)含set的其他常见短语:
set out出发;开始工作 set down写下,记下;规定
set off出发;引发;使爆炸 set back耽误,使延误
(2)含up的其他常见短语:
take up占用;开始从事 put up搭建;张贴;举起
pick up捡起,拾起;搭载 turn up调大(音量等);出现
11.develop/dɪˈveləp/ v. 研制;制定
develop的相关词语:
12.few,a few,little与a little
表示否定意义
表示肯定意义
修饰/指代可数名词复数
few
a few
修饰/指代不可数名词
little
a little
13.stop...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事
为固定用法,在主动语态中from可省略,但在被动语态中from不可省略。用法同"prevent...(from)doing sth."。
Nothing can stop us (from ) taking action to protect wild animals. 没有什么能阻止我们采取措施来保护野生动物。
The boy was stopped from playing computer games.那个男孩被阻止玩电脑游戏。
14.There be+ 主语+doing sth.
该句型意为"有……正在做某事",主语与doing所表示的动作为逻辑上的主谓关系。
There are some boys playing basketball over there.有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。
There is a man waiting for you at the school gate.有位男士正在学校大门口等你。
$$专题02 Module 1 ~Module 6常考点和易错点串讲
1.
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Module 1
1.practise/ˈpræktɪs/ v. 练习
常见搭配:
practise doing sth. 练习做某事
That sounds like a fun way to practise . 那听起来像是一种有趣的练习写作的方式。
2.meaning/ˈmiːnɪŋ/ n. 意义;意思
作名词,常用搭配:the meaning of "……的意义/意思"。
A character stands for a word and also a . 一个字符代表一个字,也代表一个意思。
Finally they understood the of life after the accident last year.在去年的事故之后,他们终于明白了生命的意义。
相关词语
3.look up查;查找
属于"动词+副词"型短语。名词作其宾语时,放在up前后均可;代词作其宾语时,只能放在两者之间。其宾语是要查找的对象,如word、phone number等。
Now, many students don't look up new words in the dictionary; they look them up on the Internet. 现在,很多学生不在词典中查生词,他们在网上查。
与look相关的常见短语还有
look after look (a)round
look at look for
look forward to look over
look through look into
3.mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ n. 错误;过错
在此作可数名词。常用短语:make a mistake/make mistakes "犯错误", by mistake"错误地,无意中"。
作动词,意为"看错;误解"。
mistake...for...
They often his twin brother. 他们经常把李明错当成他的孪生哥哥。
4.advice(不可数名词) /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 意见;建议
5.as...as possible尽可能……(相当于as...as one can/could)
该结构中的两个as之间的形容词或副词用原级, 其中possible作形容词,意为"可能的"。
My grandpa is sleeping, so I walk .我爷爷正在睡觉,所以我尽可能轻声地走路。
6.Why not +动词原形...?
提建议的句型,相当于"Why don't you/we+动词原形...?"。其答语常为"That's a good idea." 或"Sounds great/good."。
—Why not out for a picnic this Sunday?为什么这周日不出去野餐呢?
—Sounds great!听起来不错!
7.forget(过去式:forgot)/fəˈɡet/ v. 忘;忘记
forget to do sth.忘记做某事(没有做)
My father .the pet dog, so it was still hungry.我爸爸忘记喂宠物狗了,所以它还饿着。
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已经做了)
My father the pet dog, and he fed it again.我爸爸忘记喂过宠物狗了,又喂了它一次。
8.It's +n./adj.+ to do sth.
意为"做某事是……(的)",其中It是形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth.(常考点)。
to take a walk after supper. 晚饭后散步是个好习惯。
help people in trouble. 帮助处于困境中的人是对的
9.How about...?(相当于"What about…?")……怎么样?
用来向对方提出建议。其中about作介词,其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing作宾语。
piece of cake? 再吃块蛋糕怎么样?
10.need v. 需要
作实义动词。常用结构:
need sth.需要某物
need to do sth.需要做某事
(sth.) need(s) doing(某事/物)需要被做
The flowers need watering and you need water them every day. 这些花需要浇水,并且你需要每天给它们浇水。
还可作情态动词,多用于疑问句和否定句中。
Need they do their homework right now? In my opinion, they do it at once.他们需要马上做作业吗?依我看,他们不必马上做。
11.something new新的东西
为形容词修饰复合不定代词的形式。复合不定代词若有定语(形容词、不定式、else等)修饰,定语要后置。
This is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new.这是一个终身的旅程,因为每一天都会带来新的东西。
Do you have to say?你有什么要说的吗?
I don't want . Thanks.我不想要别的东西了,谢谢。
12.advise(名词形式为advice"不可数名词" )/ədˈvaɪz/v.向……提出意见;忠告;建议
advise doing sth.
I advise until tomorrow. 我建议等到明天。
advise sb.(not) to do sth.
The expert Zhong Nanshan advises us to crowded places.专家钟南山建议我们不要去人群密集的地方。
13.suggest(名词形式为suggestion"可数名词")/səˈdʒest/ v. 建议;提议
作"建议;提议"讲且其后接宾语从句时,从句常用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。
他建议我们乘火车去。
(×)He suggested that we went by train.
(√)He suggested that we (should) go by train.
suggest doing sth."建议做某事"。
Our PE teacher suggests more exercise.我们的体育老师建议多锻炼。
14.too many,too much与much too
too many
too much
much too
Module2
1.in the 1980s(也可写作"1980's",读作"nineteen eighties")在20世纪80年代
表示"在……世纪……年代"时,必须同时具备以下三点:
①介词用in
②年代前必须加定冠词the
③在年代后加-s或's(如1980s或1980's)
the 1940s, villagers in Shashiyu had little food and few clothes, but they had a strong wish for a better life. 在20世纪40年代,沙石峪的村民们缺衣少食,但是他们强烈盼望着更好的生活。
2.some day将来有一天;有朝一日
some day与one day
some day
Some day he will be a successful writer. 有朝一日他会成为一名成功的作家。
one day
One day I met her on the street.有一天我在街上遇到了她。
3.as+形容词/副词原级+as...
该结构意为"和……一样……"。其否定形式为"not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as...",意为"不如……那么……"。
The tree is almost as tall (形容词原级)as the house.这棵树
几乎和那栋房子一样高。
Jim runs as fast (副词原级)as his father.吉姆跑得和他爸爸一样快。
Hans is not as/so smart as (否定结构)his younger brother.汉斯没有他弟弟聪明。
4.population/ˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn/ n. (某一地区的)人口,全体居民
集合名词,常与定冠词the连用。the population of"……的人口",作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。使用该词时应注意以下几点:
(1)表示人口"多"或"少"时,要用large/big或small。
India has a large population. 印度人口众多。
(2)①询问"某地有多少人口"的句型: ?
②表示"某地有多少人口"的句型:The population of...is+数字./...has a population of+数字.
5.million /ˈmɪljən/ num.百万
Mars goes around the sun at a distance of around 228 kilometers.火星绕着太阳转,距日约2.28亿千米。
用法类似的词还有hundred(百)、thousand(千)、billion(十亿)。
6.介词in/on/to表示的方位
Hainan is the south of China. 海南在中国南部。
Canada is the north of the US. 加拿大在美国北边。
Japan is the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。
7.be famous for,be famous as与be famous to
be famous for
后接闻名的原因(人的某种知识、技能或特征;地方的某种特产等)。
be famous as
后接表示人的身份、职称或某物的产地等的词。
be famous to
后接表示人的词。
8.某些词与不定冠词连用时,用a或an的特殊情况:
拼写以辅音字母开头,但发音以元音音素开头的单词, 要用an。
hour(小时)、honest(诚实的)等。
拼写以元音字母开头,但发音以辅音音素开头的单词,要用a。
useful(有用的)、university(大学)、usual(通常的)、European(欧洲的)等。
9.that作代词的用法
英语中为了避免重复,经常用代词代替前面提到的名词。在比较状语从句中,常用that代替前面出现过的不可数名词和可数名词单数;若代替可数名词复数,用those。
The production of potatoes is usually more than of most crops.土豆的产量比大多数农作物的产量都要高。
The students in our class work harder than in their class. 我们班的学生比他们班的学生学习刻苦。
Module3
1.boring /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ adj. 烦人的;无聊的
boring与bored
boring
常用来修饰物,指物本身无趣。
bored
常用来修饰人,指人的感受。
归纳总结
通常,-ed形式的形容词表示(身体上或精神上的)状态或人内心的感受,常意为"感到……的";而-ing形式的形容词则表示事物的性质或特征,常意为"令人……的"。
-ing形容词
-ed形容词
exciting令人激动的
excited感到激动的
relaxing使人放松的
relaxed感到放松的
surprising令人惊讶的
surprised感到惊讶的
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
tiring累人的
tired感到累的
2.matter /ˈmætə/ n. 问题;麻烦
常用于固定句型"What's the matter(with...)?",意为"(……)怎么了?",用来询问某人或某物出了什么问题,相当于"What's the trouble(with...)?"或"What's wrong (with...)?"。
What's the matter with your head?你的头怎么了?
? He looks unhappy. 杰克怎么了?他看起来很不高兴。
作动词,意为"要紧,有关系"。
It's time that matters. 重要的是时间。
if you're rich or poor.富有还是贫穷都没关系。
3.that's because...那是因为……
该句型表示的结果在前,原因在后。
He has lung disease. That is he smokes a lot.他有肺病,那是因为他吸烟吸得厉害。
拓展that's why...意为"那是……的原因",该句型表示的原因在前,结果在后。
He hurt his leg. That's he lost the game. 他伤了腿,那就是他比赛失利的原因。
4.mind/maɪnd/ v. 介意;讨厌;反对
作动词,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
mind sth. 介意某事
mind doing . sth. 介意做某事
mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
I hope you don't mind the noise. 希望你不介意这声音。
Would you mind your seat? 你介意换一下座位吗?
Are you married, if you don't mind me ?如果你不介意,可以问一下你结婚了吗?
5.not...but...不是……而是……
该结构在句中连接两个并列成分,本句but后省略了going。当它连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循"就近原则",即谓语动词的单复数由but后的主语决定。
His brother doesn't enjoy the piano but the violin. 他弟弟不喜欢弹钢琴,而喜欢拉小提琴。
They came not to help us but get us into trouble. 他们来不是帮我们,而是让我们陷入困境。
Not I but my sister is good at the violin. 不是我,而是我姐姐擅长拉小提琴。
6.so that 以便,为了
相当于in order that,引导目的状语从句,从句中常含有can、could、may、might、would等情态动词。
We must wear masks we can protect ourselves well.我们必须戴口罩,以便我们能很好地保护自己。
She ran every morning she would realize her dream of being the best runner in the school. 她每天早上跑步,是为了实现自己成为学校最佳赛跑运动员的梦想。
拓展①so that/in order that+句子 (当主从句主语一致时,可与②进行同义转换)为了……
②in order to/so as to+动词原形 为了……
I get up early every day I can get to school on time.=I get up early every day in order to/so as to get to school on time. 为了按时到校,我每天起床都很早。
7.beat与win
beat
If you beat him, we'll win this match. 如果你击败他,我们将会赢得这场比赛。
win
8.pleased/pliːzd/ adj. 开心的;满足的
作形容词,相当于happy、glad等。常用结构:
She was very pleased the result of the race. 她对比赛结果很满意。
He was very pleased the news. 听到这个消息他非常高兴。
Boya was pleased hear Zhong's words.听到钟(子期)的话,(俞)伯牙很高兴。
We're very pleased you can come. 你们能来,我们很高兴。
9.careless/ˈkeələs/ adj. 粗心的;疏忽的
作形容词,由"care(n.小心)+-less(否定后缀)"构成,可作表语或定语。
It's of the boy to leave the tap running. 这个男孩让水龙头一直开着,太粗心了。(选自扬州中考)(作表语)
The driver had a car accident.那个粗心的司机出了车祸。(作定语)
与careless相关的词:
10.cheer...on 用欢呼声激励;为……加油
cheer +名词+on=cheer on + 名词
cheer +. .代词 (宾格形式,只能放在中间)+on
People cheered their favourite players on.=People their favourite players. 人们为他们最喜爱的运动员加油。
We cheered him . 我们给他鼓劲儿。
拓展cheer up意为"(使)高兴起来,(使)振作起来"。代词作宾语时,要放在cheer与up之间。
11.confident(confidence"信心",为不可数名词) /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的
作形容词,常用于以下结构
I feel to pass the driving test. 我有信心通过驾照考试。
We should be always confident our motherland. 我们应该一直对我们的祖国充满信心。
I'm that there will be no problem this time.我确信这次不会有问题。
12.join,join in与take part in
join
join in
take part in
I the Communist Party of China in 2010. 我2010年加入了中国共产党。
Please come and the game.请来参加这个游戏。
More than 700 football teams the competition every year. 每年有超过700支足球队参加比赛。
Module4
1.happen v. 发生,出现
作不及物动词,常指偶然发生。主语通常是事(物)。常见用法:
(1)sth. happen(s)/happened+时间状语/地点状语"某时/某地发生某事"
Every year, forest fires happen at times in different places. 每年,森林大火在不同的地方时有发生。
(2)sth. happen(s)/happened to sb."某人发生某事"
What to Tom yesterday? 昨天汤姆发生了什么事?
拓展 还可意为"碰巧"。happen to do sth."碰巧做某事"。
He to look into her shopping basket and was surprised to see cat food. 他碰巧往她的购物篮里看了看,很惊奇地看到了猫粮。
2.except/ɪkˈsept/ prep. 除……之外
except,but与besides
except
常用于同类事物的排除,指从整体中减去一部分,不包括在内。
but
只用于不定代词all、none以及由no、every和any构成的复合不定代词等词之后。
besides
指在整体上包括除去的部分,即 "包括在内"。
Don't share your passwords with anyone your parents. 不要与父母以外的任何人分享你的密码。(密码只能告诉父母)
There's nothing a desk in the room.房间里除了一张书桌外什么也没有。(房间里只有一张书桌)
. .the painting show, a speech competition gets tons of attention. 除了画展,演讲比赛也备受关注。(画展和演讲比赛都受关注)
3.maybe与may be
maybe
may be
Maybe she is a doctor.=She may be a doctor.她可能是个医生
4.far /fɑː/ adv.远;遥远 adj.远的;遥远的
Most of these boys' parents work in big cities from the village. 这些男孩的父母大多在远离村庄的大城市工作。
I saw her on the side of the road.我看见她在马路那头。
特别提醒
far的比较级和最高级
farther/farthest
further/furthest
5,含有how的其他特殊疑问短语:
how soon
how often
how far
— can you get here?你多久能到这儿?
—In an hour. 一个小时后。
— do you take a piano lesson? 你多久上一次钢琴课?
—Twice a week.一周两次。
— is it from your house to our school? 从你家到我们 学校有多远?
—Ten minutes' walk.步行十分钟的路程。
6.across,through与over
across
through
over
7.however与but
however
用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
but
but之后一般不用逗号。
, lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. 然而,为了远离麻烦而撒谎最终会导致更多的麻烦。
We make a living by what we get, we make a life by what we give. 我们生存靠的是我们所得到的东西,但我们生活靠的却是我们所付出的东西。
8.cost/kɒst/ v.价钱为;花费 n.价钱;成本;代价
作及物动词,其主语一般为物。其过去式是cost。常用结构:物+cost(s)(sb.)+钱"某物花费(某人)多少钱"。
The training shoes cost me 220 yuan. 这双运动鞋花了我220元。
辨析cost,spend, take与pay
The meal cost us about $40. 这顿饭花了我们约40美元。
You too much time on TV.=You spent too much time (in)watching TV. 你花了太多时间在(看)电视上。
It us over 4 years to build the Metro Line 1. 建地铁1号线花了我们四年多的时间。
I $40 for a skirt. 我花40美元买了条裙子。
9.because与 because of
because
连词
because of
短语介词
She didn't go to school because of her illness.=She didn't go to school because she was ill. 由于生病,她没有去上学。
Module5
1.offer/ˈɒfə/ v. 提议;提出
When I have difficulty in making a choice, Mr Wu will offer me some suggestions.当我难以作出选择时,吴先生会给我一些建议。
A stranger give her a ride on the street, but she refused politely. 一个陌生人在街上让她搭便车,但是她礼貌地拒绝了。
2)还可意为"提供,给予"。offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物。
The young should the old(=offer the old the seats)on the bus. 在公共汽车上,年轻人应该主动给老年人让座。
2.one of+the/形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+形容词最高级+可数名词复数
该结构意为"最……的……之一"。
FIFA World Cup is one of the biggest sports events in the world. 世界杯是世界上最盛大的体育赛事之一。
Betty is one of my/Lucy's best friends.贝蒂是我/露西最好的朋友之一。
拓展one of后面还可接名词或代词的复数形式。"one of+名词/代词复数"结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
The Great Wall is one of the seven around the world.长城是世界七大奇迹之一。
One of them good at swimming.他们中有一人擅长游泳。
3.if/ɪf/ conj. 如果;若
If there is a will, there is always light on the road to knowledge. 如果有意志,通向知识的道路上总会有光。
特别提醒
若主句用一般将来时、主句是祈使句或含有情态动词,if引导的条件状语从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
I will go shopping it doesn't rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去购物。
Let me know there's something else I can do. 如果还有什么我能做的,请告诉我。
拓展if 作连词,还可意为"是否",引导宾语从句,从句的时态根据实际情况而定。
I didn't know she was laughing. 我不知道她是否在笑。
I wonder he will come to my party tomorrow.我想知道他明天是否会来参加我的聚会。
4.take place 进行;发生
take place
happen
Module6
1.danger /ˈdeɪndʒə/ n. 危险;危害
(2)还可作可数名词,意为"危害"。
Smoking is a serious danger to health. 吸烟严重危害健康。
拓展(1)与danger相关的词语:
(2)常见的"in+名词"型短语还有:
in common in secret
in return in public
in silence in trouble
2.interested/ˈɪntrəstɪd/adj. 关心的;感兴趣的
常用结构
My sister geography. 我妹妹对地理感兴趣。
He became interested in kites after he watched a documentary. 他看了一部纪录片后,开始对收集风筝感兴趣。
辨析interest,interesting与interested
interest
take(an)interest in "对……感兴趣"。
interest sb."使某人感兴"。
interesting
表示事物自身的特点。
interested
表示人对事物的主观感受。
3.allow/əˈlaʊ/ v.允许;准许
常用结构:allow sb./sth. to do sth."允许……做某事"。
My parents don't allow me to hang out with friends at night. 我的父母不允许我晚上和朋友出去闲逛。
4.think of的其他常见义项
对……有(某
种)看法
常用于句型
"What do you think of...?",可用"How do you like...?"替换。
What do you the movie?=How do you the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
记得,想起
常与情态动词can连用。
I her name at the moment. 我这会儿想不起她的名字。
(2) 与think相关的常见短语还有:
5.protect/prəˈtekt/ v. 保护;保卫
常用结构:protect...from/against..."保护……免遭……",通常指使人或物免受危险、侵袭或伤害等。
What a sunny day! Luckily, I bring an umbrella to the sunlight and heat.多么晴朗的天气啊!幸运的是,我带了一把伞来保护自己免受阳光和高温的伤害。
Everyone should play a part in the environmental . 每个人都应该在环保方面发挥作用。
6.take away 夺去;拿走
固定搭配,属于"动词+副词"型短语。
take+名词+away=take away+名词
take+代词+away(代词为宾格形式,只能放中间)
Laughing took away his pain after half a year.半年后笑声带走了他的痛苦。(选自黔东南州中考)
He didn't find his dictionary and wanted to know who took it away.他找不到他的词典了,想知道谁把它拿走了。
拓展(1)与take相关的常见短语:
take off take back
take up take over
take down take after
(2)与away相关的动词短语:
send away throw away
put away give away
run away pass away
7.enough/ɪˈnʌf/adj.足够的;充分的
Some trees make clicking noises when there is not . 没有足够的水时,有些树会发出咔哒声。
拓展 还可作副词和代词,其用法如下:
8.find out 查明,弄清
辨析look for,find与find out
look for
find
find out
9.in order to 为了
固定短语,其后接动词原形,通常作目的状语,可置于句首或句中。其否定形式是in order not to。
In order to his eyes, he seldom uses electronic products.为了保护眼睛,他很少使用电子产品。
be late for school, he got up very early this morning.为了上学不迟到,今天早上他起床很早。
拓展 表示"为了……"的表达还有:
10.set up 开办;设立;创办;建立
为"动词+副词"型短语。还可意为"设置;安装好;安排,策划"。
set+名词+up=set up+名词
set+代词(宾格形式,只能放中间)+up
We are planning to set up a business. 我们正打算开办一家公司。
The police set up roadblocks there. 警察在那里设置了路障。
I've set up a meeting for Friday. 我已安排好在星期五开会。
拓展(1)含set的其他常见短语:
set out set down
set off set back
(2)含up的其他常见短语:
take up put up
pick up turn up
11.develop/dɪˈveləp/ v. 研制;制定
develop的相关词语:
12.few,a few,little与a little
表示否定意义
表示肯定意义
修饰/指代可数名词复数
修饰/指代不可数名词
13.stop...(from) doing sth.阻止……做某事
为固定用法,在主动语态中from可省略,但在被动语态中from不可省略。用法同"prevent...(from)doing sth."。
Nothing can stop us (from ) taking action to protect wild animals. 没有什么能阻止我们采取措施来保护野生动物。
The boy was stopped from computer games.那个男孩被阻止玩电脑游戏。
14.There be+ 主语+doing sth.
该句型意为"有……正在做某事",主语与doing所表示的动作为逻辑上的主谓关系。
There are some boys basketball over there.有一些男孩正在那边打篮球。
There is a man for you at the school gate.有位男士正在学校大门口等你。
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