精品解析：广东省汕头市潮阳启声学校2023-2024学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题（1班）

潮阳启声学校 2023-2024 学年度第二学期入学考试试题 高二英语 一、阅读理解（每小题2.5分） Enveloped by history, style and culture, the City of Light has more than enough to draw visitors all year around. But there are certain times of year when a trip to Paris can be extra-special. Paris Fashion Week When: Men June/July; women March and September/October In 1943 the world’s first “fashion week” took place in New York. The idea? To offer the Big Apple’s fashion buyers alternatives to the French dresses they were missing out on during the war. Today Paris can claim to be the world’s style capital, with people pouring to its annual fashion weeks. Wear your best dress around the Tuileries Garden and a street-style photographer may even stop you for a shot. Music Festival When: June The streets of Paris come alive with the sound of music every June as free parties and concerts ring throughout the city. The Arab World Institute, the Louvre and Place Denfert-Rochereau are among the best party spots-though we recommend simply wandering. Expect surprises around every corner. Bastille Day When: July On July 14 France marks the storming of the Bastille prison — a turning point in the French Revolution. In the morning crowds gather to watch a military parade along the Champs Elysees. Come evening, up to a million people gather as fireworks are set off from the base of the Eiffel Tower. Advantageous position? The top of the Belville Park. Get down early and bring a picnic chair. Grape Harvest Festival When: October You may have dropped by the Montmartre Museum. But what about the private grape plantation around the back of Paris’s hilliest neighborhood? Every year locals come together to celebrate the distinctive grape wine produced here. There’s a charity wine sale, dance parties and, of course, plenty of tasting. 1. What was the purpose of the world’s first “fashion week” in New York? A. To promote American fashion designers. B. To display the upcoming fashion collections. C. To satisfy the fashion needs of New Yorkers. D. To show the development of fashion industry. 2. What can you do at Montmartre Grape Harvest Festival? A. Raise funds for charity. B. Join mask dancing parties. C. Appreciate local artwork. D. Try different kinds of wine. 3. At which place can you expect to find free parties in Paris in June? A. The Tuileries Garden. B. Place Denfert-Rochereau. C. The Champs Elysees. D. The Belville Park. Bill Gates was born in 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washington. When he was young, he was good at science and maths. And he wanted to be a scientist. Bill started to play with computers when he was 13. At that time, computers were very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software program with the old machine. Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17. In 1973, Bill went to Harvard University. He developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer. In his third year, he left Harvard. Bill began his company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They developed the software to make it easier for people to use computers. In 1999, Bill wrote a book. In the book, he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new ways. It was one of the best-sellers on The New York Times’ list. Bill Gates has many hobbies. He enjoyed reading very much. He also enjoys playing golf and bridge. 4. When did Bill begin to play with computers? A. In 1968. B. In 1966. C. In 1965. D. In 1972. 5. Bill wrote a book about _______. A. how to do unusual things. B. how to play computer games. C. how to work out a software program. D. how to solve business problems with the help of computers in new ways. 6. We can learn from the text that _______. A. Bill worked for Microsoft before he went to Harvard University. B. Bill sold his first software program for 420 dollars. C. Reading is one of Bill’s hobbies. D. Bill began his company in 1976 with his friend. 7 Which of the following is true? A. Bill Gates developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer. B. Bill Gates enjoys playing computer games. C. Bill Gates wrote many science books. D. Bill Gates books are on the top of best-sellers. Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” 8. Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A. To better understand human empathy. B. To promote the social skills of robots. C. To explore the differences between laughs. D. To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 9. What can robot Erica probably do at present? A. Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues B. Distinguish people by hearing their laughs C. Recreate a scene played by the four actresses D. Master the features of laughs provided by data. 10. What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Potential. B. Barrier. C. Alternative. D. Division. 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B. Can conversational AI really understand us? C. Laughing robots are round the conner. D. Robots become laughing masters. It seems that you don’t think about your nose getting tired. You can smell grass after your neighbor cuts the lawn. You can smell delicious pizza baking as you walk by the pizza store. You can definitely smell the sour smell of your brother’s feet when he takes off his sneakers on a sweaty summer day. In fact, according to research published in Nature, your nose can detect about one trillion smells! But your own underarms could give off unpleasant smells and you might not be able to tell: Humans tend to suffer from what scientists call olfactory fatigue (嗅觉疲劳); our sense of smell just gets plain tired out by familiar odors and stops detecting them. Believe it or not that can actually be a good thing. Pamela Dalton,a psychologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, explained to the Washington Post that we filter out the same-old smells to make room for detecting new, strange smells—such as ones that might alert us to danger, like something burning, or something good to eat like that pizza. When these smells float past us, smell receptors in our noses detect their particular chemical components and send electrical signals to the frontal cortex (皮层) of our brains. And then we decide if we need to run away from fire, or get closer towards pizza. If your sense of smell was weakened by your body odor —or other standard smells—we might not be able to detect the more important odors. There are ways to avoid showing up to work giving smelly odors like a skunk (臭鼬). One way is to take your shirt off and sniff that instead of your skin, recommends Lifehacker. Other ways to check your own scent is to rub your skin, then smell your fingers; check your breath by licking your arm, waiting a second, then sniffing the spot. Or even quicker and easier—ask someone to give you a sniff! 12. How many ways are suggested to avoid showing up to work without a smelly odor? A. 2. B. 3. C 4. D. 5. 13. Which is the right working order of our brain when making a decision in terms of smell? ①The smell floats past us. ②Smell receptors send electrical signals to our brains. ③Smell receptors detect the particular chemical components. ④We decide whether we need to run away or get closer. A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④ C. ②③①④ D. ③②①④ 14. Why do people tend to think their noses never get tired? A. The noses are strong enough. B. They are confident in themselves. C. The nose can detect nearly all smells. D. The nose can function well in all cases. 15. Why does the author say our sense of smell’s stopping detecting familiar odors a good thing? A. It helps alert us to danger. B. It prefers new smells to old ones. C. It helps our sense become stronger. D. It can help distinguish more important smells. First aid is a crucial aspect of healthcare that can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness. Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly.____16____ Injuries and Accidents One of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents.___17___ In such situations, it is essential to provide immediate care to prevent further damage and ensure that the affected individual receives timely medical attention. Some of the initial steps in first aid for injuries include applying pressure to stop bleeding, immobilizing the affected area, and administering pain relief medication. Cardiac Arrest (心脏停跳) Another critical situation where first aid can make a difference is during a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary. ____18____ The first step in such a situation is to call emergency services and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until professional help arrives. Knowing how to perform CPR can be life-saving in such situations. Choking and Suffocation (窒息) Choking and suffocation are emergencies that can occur at any time, and immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further complications. If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly. ___19___ Similarly, if someone is suffocating due to a blocked airway, it is vital to clear the obstruction and ensure that the person’s airway is open. When to use first aid can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness.___20___ Call for emergency services, and provide immediate care until professional help arrives. Being prepared and trained in first aid can ensure the safety and well-being of those around us. A. In any emergency, it is essential to remain calm. B. This can include cuts, burns, falls, sprains, and other unpleasant injuries. C. If someone has taken a poisonous substance, calling emergency services. D. Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to force out the object causing the obstruction. E. Bleeding and overdose are medical emergencies that require immediate attention. F. This blog post will discuss when to use first aid and the importance of early intervention. G. Blood circulation (血液循环) and oxygen supply to vital organs should be restored immediately. 二、完形填空（每小题1分） My community and state are still recovering from the disaster that hit the area recently. A wall of storms with hurricane force winds ___21___ late on a Friday evening knocking down trees, ___22___ roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly ___23___themselves in the dark without water, electricity, air conditioning, telephones, internet, and television. They were ___24___ from the modern world suffering unbearable 90 degree plus heat with no help and no idea ___25___ it would be over. The most ___26___ thing happened, however, as the reality of the crisis sank in: it brought out the best in us. While there were a few acts of ___27___ and stealing, they were overwhelmed (压倒) by the wave of ___28___ and compassion that came from the hearts of so many. People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had ___29___ opened their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to ___30___roads and homes of fallen trees. Selfless power crews worked around the clock to repair the damage and ___31___ electricity. Life’s disasters strike all of us from time to time. No one is ___32___. We all get hurt. We all get ___33___. How we respond to them, though, is up to us. We can let them bring out the worst in us or we can let them bring out the best in us. We can ___34___ them like devils of selfishness or like angels of love. May you always bring the best from your heart and soul to whatever life may ___35___ at you then. May you live all of your days here with so much love that you sing and smile. 21. A. drew B. arose C. struck D. faded 22. A. closing B. wiping C. narrowing D. blocking 23 A. devoted B. found C. pictured D. patted 24. A. cut off B. called off C. torn down D. taken off 25. A. where B. why C. how D. when 26. A. decent B. terrible C. amazing D. accidental 27. A. distance B. enthusiasm C. prejudice D. selfishness 28. A. hatred B. love C. respect D. belief 29. A. confidence B. power C. guidance D. virtue 30. A. destroy B. move C. clear D. build 31. A. restore B. remove C. return D. reduce 32. A. saved B. spared C. punished D. forgiven 33 A. cheated B. removed C. challenged D. arranged 34. A. weigh on B. react to C. take in D. care for 35. A. throw B. shoot C. aim D. glance 三、语法填空（每小题1.5分） 根据句子填空或所给词的适当形式填空 China will become the guest country of honor for the 37th International Kite Festival in Berck-sur-Mer from April 20 to 28. It’s the first time that the festival _____36_____ (introduce) the concept of guest countries since its _____37_____ (establish) in 1987. During the nine-day event, the China Cultural Center in Paris will join hands with Weifang city in Shandong province, _____38_____ is known as the “kite capital of the world”, _____39_____ (show) the most authentic Chinese kite art and cultural experience to the audience. Various cultural activities will take center stage, _____40_____ (include) kite competitions, cultural performances and workshops on intangible cultural heritage. The International Kite Festival in Berck-sur-Mer is the largest and _____41_____ (influence) kite-themed event in France. Visitors can not only observe _____42_____ wide variety of kites, traditional and modern, small and giant, _____43_____ also engage in kite-making workshops, art performances and experiential activities. In addition _____44_____ regular kite displays, this year’s festival will debut the international kite stunt competition, _____45_____ (call) “The World Kite Cup Berck-sur-Mer”. Kite-flying masters from ten countries and regions will compete for the world champion title in a showdown of skills and creativity. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 潮阳启声学校 2023-2024 学年度第二学期入学考试试题 高二英语 一、阅读理解（每小题2.5分） Enveloped by history, style and culture, the City of Light has more than enough to draw visitors all year around. But there are certain times of year when a trip to Paris can be extra-special. Paris Fashion Week When: Men June/July; women March and September/October In 1943 the world’s first “fashion week” took place in New York. The idea? To offer the Big Apple’s fashion buyers alternatives to the French dresses they were missing out on during the war. Today Paris can claim to be the world’s style capital, with people pouring to its annual fashion weeks. Wear your best dress around the Tuileries Garden and a street-style photographer may even stop you for a shot. Music Festival When: June The streets of Paris come alive with the sound of music every June as free parties and concerts ring throughout the city. The Arab World Institute, the Louvre and Place Denfert-Rochereau are among the best party spots-though we recommend simply wandering. Expect surprises around every corner. Bastille Day When: July On July 14 France marks the storming of the Bastille prison — a turning point in the French Revolution. In the morning crowds gather to watch a military parade along the Champs Elysees. Come evening up to a million people gather as fireworks are set off from the base of the Eiffel Tower. Advantageous position? The top of the Belville Park. Get down early and bring a picnic chair. Grape Harvest Festival When: October You may have dropped by the Montmartre Museum. But what about the private grape plantation around the back of Paris’s hilliest neighborhood? Every year locals come together to celebrate the distinctive grape wine produced here. There’s a charity wine sale, dance parties and, of course, plenty of tasting. 1. What was the purpose of the world’s first “fashion week” in New York? A. To promote American fashion designers. B. To display the upcoming fashion collections. C. To satisfy the fashion needs of New Yorkers. D. To show the development of fashion industry. 2. What can you do at Montmartre Grape Harvest Festival? A. Raise funds for charity. B. Join mask dancing parties. C. Appreciate local artwork. D. Try different kinds of wine. 3. At which place can you expect to find free parties in Paris in June? A. The Tuileries Garden. B. Place Denfert-Rochereau. C. The Champs Elysees. D. The Belville Park. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴黎一年四季中四个特别适合游览的时间点及其特色活动，分别是巴黎时装周、音乐节、巴士底日庆祝活动和蒙马特葡萄丰收节，旨在吸引游客在这些特定时间来感受不一样的巴黎风情与文化活动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Paris Fashion Week标题下的“To offer the Big Apple’s fashion buyers alternatives to the French dresses they were missing out on during the war.(为大苹果公司的时尚买家提供替代品，以取代他们在战争期间错过的法国礼服)”可知，第一次“时装周”在纽约举办的目的在于满足由于战争期间无法获取法国服装而产生的当地时尚买家的需求。故选C。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Every year locals come together to celebrate the distinctive grape wine produced here. There’s a charity wine sale, dance parties and, of course, plenty of tasting.(每年当地人都会聚集在一起庆祝这里出产的与众不同的葡萄酒。这里有慈善义卖葡萄酒、舞会，当然还有很多品尝活动)”可知，在蒙马特葡萄丰收节上，游客可以参与慈善葡萄酒销售活动、舞会，并且当然可以品尝到各种各样的本地葡萄酒。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Music Festival标题下的“The streets of Paris come alive with the sound of music every June as free parties and concerts ring throughout the city. The Arab World Institute, the Louvre and Place Denfert-Rochereau are among the best party spots-though we recommend simply wandering. (每年六月，随着免费派对和音乐会在整个城市响起，巴黎的街道上都充满了音乐的气息。阿拉伯世界研究所、卢浮宫和罗切罗广场是最好的派对地点之一，尽管我们建议您只是闲逛一下)”可知，在六月，在巴黎罗切罗广场可以参加免费的派对。故选B。 Bill Gates was born in 1955. He grew up in Seattle, Washington. When he was young, he was good at science and maths. And he wanted to be a scientist. Bill started to play with computers when he was 13. At that time, computers were very large machines. Once he was interested in a very old computer. He and some of his friends spent lots of time doing unusual things with it. In the end, they worked out a software program with the old machine. Bill sold it for 4,200 dollars when he was only 17. In 1973, Bill went to Harvard University. He developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer. In his third year, he left Harvard. Bill began his company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen. They thought that the computer would be a very important tool in every office and in every home, so they began developing software for personal computers. They developed the software to make it easier for people to use computers. In 1999, Bill wrote a book. In the book, he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new ways. It was one of the best-sellers on The New York Times’ list. Bill Gates has many hobbies. He enjoyed reading very much. He also enjoys playing golf and bridge. 4. When did Bill begin to play with computers? A. In 1968. B. In 1966. C. In 1965. D. In 1972. 5. Bill wrote a book about _______. A. how to do unusual things. B. how to play computer games. C. how to work out a software program. D. how to solve business problems with the help of computers in new ways. 6. We can learn from the text that _______. A. Bill worked for Microsoft before he went to Harvard University. B. Bill sold his first software program for 420 dollars. C Reading is one of Bill’s hobbies. D. Bill began his company in 1976 with his friend. 7. Which of the following is true? A. Bill Gates developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer. B. Bill Gates enjoys playing computer games. C. Bill Gates wrote many science books. D. Bill Gates books are on the top of best-sellers. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要讲述了比尔·盖茨的人生经历。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bill Gates was born in 1955.(比尔·盖茨出生于1955年)”和第二段中“Bill started to play with computers when he was 13.(比尔13岁时就开始玩电脑了)”可知，比尔在1968年（=1955+13）开始玩电脑。故选A项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the book, he told people how computer technology could solve business problems in new ways.(在书中，他告诉人们计算机技术如何以新的方式解决商业问题)”可知，比尔·盖茨写了一本关于如何在计算机的帮助下以新的方式解决商业问题的书。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Bill Gates has many hobbies. He enjoyed reading very much.(比尔·盖茨有很多爱好。他非常喜欢阅读)”可知，阅读是比尔众多的爱好之一。故选C项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He developed the Basic Language for the first microcomputer.(他为第一台微型计算机开发了Basic语言)”可知，A项“比尔·盖茨为第一台微型计算机开发了Basic语言”符合文意。故选A项。 Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team behind the laughing robot Erica said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot. “We think that one of the important functions of conversational AI is empathy (共情),” said Dr Koji Inoue, the lead author of the research. “So we decided that one way a robot can empathize with its users is to share their laughter.” The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm (算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations. “Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know most laughter is actually not shared at all,” said Inoue. “We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.” The team said laughter could help create robots with their own distinct character although it could take more than 20 years before it would be possible to have a casual chat with a robot like we would with a friend. “One of the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing robot or algorithm will never be able to understand you or the meaning of laughter,” points out Prof. Sandra Wachter of the Oxford Internet Institute. “But with their development, they might get very good at tricking you into believing they understand what’s going on.” 8. Why did Inoue’s team develop the AI system? A. To better understand human empathy. B. To promote the social skills of robots. C. To explore the differences between laughs. D. To assist robots in identifying people's moods. 9. What can robot Erica probably do at present? A. Repeat the details of the 80 dialogues B. Distinguish people by hearing their laughs C. Recreate a scene played by the four actresses D. Master the features of laughs provided by data. 10. What does the underlined word “obstructor” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Potential. B. Barrier. C. Alternative. D. Division. 11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Are AI systems going beyond human ability? B. Can conversational AI really understand us? C. Laughing robots are round the conner. D. Robots become laughing masters. 【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. The team said that the system could improve natural conversations between people and an AI robot.(科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。该团队表示，该系统可以提高人与人工智能机器人之间的自然对话)”可知，团队开发了人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set out to teach their AI system the art of conversational laughter. They gathered training data from more than 80 daily dialogues between male subjects and the robot that was initially operated by four actresses remotely. The dialogue data was grouped into social laughs (where polite or embarrassed laughter isn’t involved) and laughter of joy. Based on the audio files, the algorithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics of social laughs, which tend to be softer, and merry laughs, with the aim of mirroring these inappropriate situations.(该团队已经开始教授他们的人工智能系统对话式大笑的艺术。他们从男性受试者和最初由四名女演员远程操作的机器人之间的80多次日常对话中收集了训练数据。对话数据被分为社交笑声（不涉及礼貌或尴尬的笑声）和欢乐的笑声。基于音频文件，该算法学习了社交笑声的基本特征，这些笑声往往更柔和、更快乐，目的是反映这些不恰当的情况)”可知，团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术，数据包括了笑的特征，因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第三段划线词后文“‘Our biggest obstructor in the work was identifying the actual cases of shared laughter because as you know, most laughter is actually not shared at all,’ said Inoue. ‘We had to carefully decide exactly which laughs we could use for our analysis and we couldn’t just assume that any laugh can be responded to. It was really not easy work.’(Inoue说：“我们在这项工作中最大的______是确定分享笑声的实际案例，因为正如你所知，大多数笑声实际上根本就不是分享的。我们必须仔细决定哪些笑声可以用于我们的分析，我们不能仅仅假设任何笑声都能得到回应。这真的不是一项容易的工作。”)”可知，现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情，这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”，所以推测obstructor 表示“障碍”。故选B项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter comes in many forms, from a polite and quiet laugh to a great hearty laugh. Scientists are now developing an AI system to recreate different laughs in proper social contexts. (笑声有多种形式，从礼貌而安静的笑声到开怀大笑。科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款拥有可以笑的机器人。所以C项Laughing robots are round the corner.（会笑的机器人即将问世）为最佳标题。故选C项。 It seems that you don’t think about your nose getting tired. You can smell grass after your neighbor cuts the lawn. You can smell delicious pizza baking as you walk by the pizza store. You can definitely smell the sour smell of your brother’s feet when he takes off his sneakers on a sweaty summer day. In fact, according to research published in Nature, your nose can detect about one trillion smells! But your own underarms could give off unpleasant smells and you might not be able to tell: Humans tend to suffer from what scientists call olfactory fatigue (嗅觉疲劳); our sense of smell just gets plain tired out by familiar odors and stops detecting them. Believe it or not, that can actually be a good thing. Pamela Dalton,a psychologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, explained to the Washington Post that we filter out the same-old smells to make room for detecting new, strange smells—such as ones that might alert us to danger, like something burning, or something good to eat like that pizza. When these smells float past us, smell receptors in our noses detect their particular chemical components and send electrical signals to the frontal cortex (皮层) of our brains. And then we decide if we need to run away from fire, or get closer towards pizza. If your sense of smell was weakened by your body odor —or other standard smells—we might not be able to detect the more important odors. There are ways to avoid showing up to work giving smelly odors like a skunk (臭鼬). One way is to take your shirt off and sniff that instead of your skin, recommends Lifehacker. Other ways to check your own scent is to rub your skin, then smell your fingers; check your breath by licking your arm, waiting a second, then sniffing the spot. Or even quicker and easier—ask someone to give you a sniff! 12. How many ways are suggested to avoid showing up to work without a smelly odor? A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 13. Which is the right working order of our brain when making a decision in terms of smell? ①The smell floats past us. ②Smell receptors send electrical signals to our brains. ③Smell receptors detect the particular chemical components. ④We decide whether we need to run away or get closer. A. ①②③④ B. ①③②④ C. ②③①④ D. ③②①④ 14. Why do people tend to think their noses never get tired? A. The noses are strong enough. B. They are confident in themselves. C. The nose can detect nearly all smells. D. The nose can function well in all cases. 15. Why does the author say our sense of smell’s stopping detecting familiar odors a good thing? A. It helps alert us to danger. B. It prefers new smells to old ones. C. It helps our sense become stronger. D. It can help distinguish more important smells. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了我们的鼻子有嗅觉疲劳，而这其实是件好事。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are ways to avoid showing up to work giving smelly odors like a skunk (臭鼬). One way is to take your shirt off and sniff that instead of your skin, recommends Lifehacker. Other ways to check your own scent is to rub your skin, then smell your fingers; check your breath by licking your arm, waiting a second, then sniffing the spot. Or even quicker and easier—ask someone to give you a sniff!(有一些方法可以避免上班时散发出臭鼬般的臭味。Lifehacker建议，一种方法是脱下衬衫，闻一闻，而不是闻皮肤。检查自己气味的其他方法是摩擦皮肤，然后闻手指；舔舐手臂，等待片刻，然后闻一闻，以此来检查你的呼吸。或者更快更容易——请别人给你闻一闻！)”可知，此处介绍了4种避免上班时身上有异味的方法。故选C项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“When these smells float past us, smell receptors in our noses detect their particular chemical components and send electrical signals to the frontal cortex (皮层) of our brains. And then we decide if we need to run away from fire, or get closer towards pizza.(当这些气味从我们身边飘过时，我们鼻子里的嗅觉感受器会检测到它们的特殊化学成分，并向大脑的额叶皮层发送电信号。然后我们决定是要逃离火海，还是要靠近披萨)”可知，大脑的正确工作顺序是“①The smell floats past us.(气味从我们身边飘过)”，“③Smell receptors detect the particular chemical components.(嗅觉感受器探测到特定的化学成分)”，“②Smell receptors send electrical signals to our brains.(嗅觉感受器向我们的大脑发送电信号)”，“④We decide whether we need to run away or get closer.(我们决定是要逃跑还是靠近)”。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“It seems that you don’t think about your nose getting tired. You can smell grass after your neighbor cuts the lawn. You can smell delicious pizza baking as you walk by the pizza store. You can definitely smell the sour smell of your brother’s feet when he takes off his sneakers on a sweaty summer day. In fact, according to research published in Nature, your nose can detect about one trillion smells!(你似乎没有想过你的鼻子会累。邻居修剪草坪后，你能闻到草的味道。当你走过披萨店时，你可以闻到烤披萨的香味。当你哥哥在一个汗流浃背的夏日脱下运动鞋时，你肯定能闻到他脚上的酸味。事实上，根据发表在《自然》杂志上的一项研究，你的鼻子可以探测到大约一万亿种气味!)”可知，因为鼻子几乎能嗅出所有的气味，所以人们倾向于认为他们的鼻子永远不会累。故选C项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“If your sense of smell was weakened by your body odor —or other standard smells—we might not be able to detect the more important odors.(如果你的嗅觉被你的体味或其他标准气味削弱了，我们可能无法探测到更重要的气味)”可知，嗅觉疲劳可以帮助辨别更重要的气味，所以作者说我们的嗅觉不再识别熟悉的气味是一件好事。故选D。 First aid is a crucial aspect of healthcare that can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness. Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly.____16____ Injuries and Accidents One of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents.___17___ In such situations, it is essential to provide immediate care to prevent further damage and ensure that the affected individual receives timely medical attention. Some of the initial steps in first aid for injuries include applying pressure to stop bleeding, immobilizing the affected area, and administering pain relief medication. Cardiac Arrest (心脏停跳) Another critical situation where first aid can make a difference is during a cardiac arrest. A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary. ____18____ The first step in such a situation is to call emergency services and start cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) until professional help arrives. Knowing how to perform CPR can be life-saving in such situations. Choking and Suffocation (窒息) Choking and suffocation are emergencies that can occur at any time, and immediate intervention is necessary to prevent further complications. If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly. ___19___ Similarly, if someone is suffocating due to a blocked airway, it is vital to clear the obstruction and ensure that the person’s airway is open. When to use first aid can significantly save someone’s life or prevent further injury or illness.___20___ Call for emergency services, and provide immediate care until professional help arrives. Being prepared and trained in first aid can ensure the safety and well-being of those around us. A. In any emergency, it is essential to remain calm. B. This can include cuts, burns, falls, sprains, and other unpleasant injuries. C. If someone has taken a poisonous substance, calling emergency services. D. Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to force out the object causing the obstruction. E. Bleeding and overdose are medical emergencies that require immediate attention. F. This blog post will discuss when to use first aid and the importance of early intervention. G. Blood circulation (血液循环) and oxygen supply to vital organs should be restored immediately. 【答案】16. F 17. B 18. G 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了应当进行急救的情况以及早期干预的重要性。 【16题详解】 空格处的句子是一个承上启下的句子，空格前的句子“Knowing when to use first aid is essential so that proper measures are taken promptly.（知道什么时候进行急救是必要的，以便及时采取适当的措施）”是说“知道什么时候进行急救是必要的”；而下面文章的内容主要说的是“应当进行急救的情况和尽早进行急救的重要性”，所以，把F项“This blog post will discuss when to use first aid and the importance of early intervention.（这篇博文将讨论何时使用急救以及早期干预的重要性）”填入空格处，可以引起下文。故选F项。 【17题详解】 根据空格前的句子“One of the most common instances where first aid is required is in injuries and accidents.（最常见的需要急救的情况之一是受伤和事故）”和空格后的句子“In such situations, it is essential to provide immediate care to prevent further damage and ensure that the affected individual receives timely medical attention.（在这种情况下，必须立即提供护理，以防止进一步损害，并确保受影响的个人得到及时的医疗照顾）”可知，空格处的句子一定涉及到可以进行急救的伤情。所以，把B项“This can include cuts, burns, falls, sprains, and other unpleasant injuries.（这可能包括割伤、烧伤、跌倒、扭伤和其他令人不快的伤害）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选B项。 【18题详解】 根据空格前的句子“A cardiac arrest occurs when the heart stops functioning; immediate intervention is necessary.（当心脏停止运转时，就会发生心脏骤停；立即干预是必要的）”可知，心脏骤停时立即干预是必要的，空格处的句子应该解释立即干预的意义。所以，把G项“Blood circulation and oxygen supply to vital organs should be restored immediately.（应立即恢复血液循环和重要器官的氧气供应）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据空格前的句子“If someone is choking, it is essential to act quickly.（如果有人窒息，必须迅速采取行动）”可知，如果有人窒息，必须迅速采取行动，所以，空格处的句子应该提到怎样采取行动。所以，把D项“Perform the Heimlich manoeuvre to force out the object causing the obstruction.（执行海姆利克氏操作法将造成阻塞的物体挤出）”填入空格处，符合题意。故选D项。 【20题详解】 根据空格后的句子“Call for emergency services, and provide immediate care until professional help arrives.（呼叫急救服务，并立即提供护理，直到专业人员到来）”可知，空格处的句子应该提到紧急情况的发生。所以，把A项“In any emergency, it is essential to remain calm.（在任何紧急情况下，保持冷静是至关重要的）”填入空格处，和下文是顺接关系，符合题意。故选A项。 二、完形填空（每小题1分） My community and state are still recovering from the disaster that hit the area recently. A wall of storms with hurricane force winds ___21___ late on a Friday evening knocking down trees, ___22___ roads, damaging homes, and destroying power lines. Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly ___23___themselves in the dark without water, electricity, air conditioning, telephones, internet, and television. They were ___24___ from the modern world suffering unbearable 90 degree plus heat with no help and no idea ___25___ it would be over. The most ___26___ thing happened, however, as the reality of the crisis sank in: it brought out the best in us. While there were a few acts of ___27___ and stealing, they were overwhelmed (压倒) by the wave of ___28___ and compassion that came from the hearts of so many. People shared their food, ice, and gasoline. People who still had ___29___ opened their homes to those who had none. People rushed out to ___30___roads and homes of fallen trees. Selfless power crews worked around the clock to repair the damage and ___31___ electricity. Life’s disasters strike all of us from time to time. No one is ___32___. We all get hurt. We all get ___33___. How we respond to them, though, is up to us. We can let them bring out the worst in us or we can let them bring out the best in us. We can ___34___ them like devils of selfishness or like angels of love. May you always bring the best from your heart and soul to whatever life may ___35___ at you then. May you live all of your days here with so much love that you sing and smile. 21. A. drew B. arose C. struck D. faded 22. A. closing B. wiping C. narrowing D. blocking 23. A. devoted B. found C. pictured D. patted 24. A. cut off B. called off C. torn down D. taken off 25. A. where B. why C. how D. when 26. A. decent B. terrible C. amazing D. accidental 27. A. distance B. enthusiasm C. prejudice D. selfishness 28. A. hatred B. love C. respect D. belief 29. A. confidence B. power C. guidance D. virtue 30. A. destroy B. move C. clear D. build 31. A. restore B. remove C. return D. reduce 32. A. saved B. spared C. punished D. forgiven 33. A. cheated B. removed C. challenged D. arranged 34. A. weigh on B. react to C. take in D. care for 35. A. throw B. shoot C. aim D. glance 【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了一场暴风雨给我们州和社区带来了很大影响，尽管危机降临，但是它激发了我们最好的本质。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：周五晚间，一场飓风带来的风暴袭击了美国，刮倒了树木，阻断了道路，毁坏了房屋，摧毁了电线。A. drew吸引；B. arose引起；C. struck袭击；D. faded消退。根据下文“knocking down trees(刮倒了树木)”可知，此处是指飓风带来的风暴“袭击”了美国。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. closing靠近；B. wiping擦净；C. narrowing变窄；D. blocking阻塞，阻断。根据上文“knocking down trees”可知，飓风刮倒了树木，“阻断”了道路。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：成千上万的人突然发现自己处于黑暗中，没有水、电、空调、电话、互联网和电视。A. devoted投入；B. found发现；C. pictured想象；D. patted轻拍。根据下文“in the dark without water(在黑暗中没有水)”可知，此处是指“发现”自己处于黑暗中。故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们与现代世界隔绝，忍受着难以忍受的90华氏度以上的高温，没有帮助，也不知道什么时候会结束。A. cut off隔绝、切断；B. called off取消；C. torn down拆除；D. taken off起飞。根据上文可知，飓风阻断了道路，摧毁了电线，结合下文的“with no help(没有帮助)”可推知，他们处于与世界“隔绝”的状态。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. where哪里；B. why为什么；C. how如何；D. when什么时候。根据上文“no idea”和下文的“would be over”可知，此处是指不知“什么时候”结束。故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，当危机的现实降临时，最令人惊奇的事情发生了：它激发了我们最好的一面。A. decent体面的；B. terrible可怕的；C. amazing令人惊讶的；D. accidental意外的。根据下文“it brought out the best in us(它激发了我们最好的一面)”可知，这是一件“令人惊讶的”事情。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一些自私和偷窃的行为，但他们被来自许多人心中的爱和同情所淹没。A. distance远处；B. enthusiasm热情；C. prejudice偏见；D. selfishness自私。根据下文的“stealing”可知，此处用selfishness和stealing并列，指“自私”和偷窃的行为。故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. hatred仇恨；B. love爱；C. respect尊敬；D. belief信念。根据下文的“compassion”可知，此处用love与compassion并列，表示被“爱”和同情所淹没。故选B项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有电的人向断电的人敞开了家门。A. confidence信心；B. power电力；C. guidance指导；D. virtue美德。根据上文“destroying power lines(摧毁了电线)”可知，此处是指家里还有“电”的人像断电的人敞开家门。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们冲出去清理道路和家中倒下的树木。A. destroy破坏；B. move移动；C. clear清除；D. build建造。根据上文“knocking down trees(刮倒了树木)”和下文“roads and homes of fallen trees”可知，此处是指人们冲出去“清理”道路。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：无私的电力工作人员夜以继日地修复损坏并恢复供电。A. restore恢复；B. remove移开；C. return返回；D. reduce降低。根据上文“repair the damage(修复损坏)”可知，此处是指“恢复”供电。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人能幸免。A. saved节省；B. spared幸免；C. punished惩罚；D. forgiven忘记。根据下文“We all get hurt(我们都受伤了)”可知，此处是指没有人能“幸免”。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都会遇到挑战。A. cheated欺骗；B. removed移开；C. challenged挑战；D. arranged安排。根据上文“Life’s disasters strike all of us from time to time.(生活中的灾难不时地袭击我们所有人。)”可知，在生活中我们都会遇到“挑战”。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查短语辨析。句意：我们可以像自私的魔鬼一样对待他们，也可以像爱的天使一样对待他们。A. weigh on使压抑；B. react to作出反应；C. take in吸收；D. care for喜爱。根据下文“like devils of selfishness or like angels of love(像自私的魔鬼或爱的天使)”可知，此处是指作出“反应”。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：愿你永远带着内心和灵魂中最好的一面去面对生活中的任何挑战。A. throw扔；B. shoot射击；C. aim瞄准；D. glance一瞥。根据上文的“bring the best from your heart and soul to(把你的内心和灵魂中最好的一面带给)”可知，此处用throw at表示“扔给、带给”，即把你的内心和灵魂中最好的一面带给生活“带给你”的任何挑战。故选A项。 三、语法填空（每小题1.5分） 根据句子填空或所给词的适当形式填空 China will become the guest country of honor for the 37th International Kite Festival in Berck-sur-Mer from April 20 to 28. It’s the first time that the festival _____36_____ (introduce) the concept of guest countries since its _____37_____ (establish) in 1987. During the nine-day event the China Cultural Center in Paris will join hands with Weifang city in Shandong province, _____38_____ is known as the “kite capital of the world”, _____39_____ (show) the most authentic Chinese kite art and cultural experience to the audience. Various cultural activities will take center stage, _____40_____ (include) kite competitions, cultural performances and workshops on intangible cultural heritage. The International Kite Festival in Berck-sur-Mer is the largest and _____41_____ (influence) kite-themed event in France. Visitors can not only observe _____42_____ wide variety of kites, traditional and modern, small and giant, _____43_____ also engage in kite-making workshops, art performances and experiential activities. In addition _____44_____ regular kite displays, this year’s festival will debut the international kite stunt competition, _____45_____ (call) “The World Kite Cup Berck-sur-Mer”. Kite-flying masters from ten countries and regions will compete for the world champion title in a showdown of skills and creativity. 【答案】36. has introduced 37. establishment 38. which 39. to show 40. including 41. most influential 42. a 43. but 44. to 45. called 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道中国将担任法国贝尔克第37届国际风筝节的主宾国，并介绍了风筝节的相关信息。 【36题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是该节日自1987年创办以来首次引入主宾国的概念。It’s the first time that…句型中，从句使用完成时态，结合时间状语“since its ______ (establish) in 1987.”可知此that从句用现在完成时，主语festival是名词单数，故填has introduced。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：同上。结合空前的形容词性物主代词its可知，空处应填名词形式作介词since的宾语，establishment“建立”，为不可数名词，故填establishment。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在为期九天的活动中，巴黎中国文化中心将与被称为“世界风筝之都”的山东省潍坊市携手，向观众展示最真实的中国风筝艺术和文化体验。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Weifang city，设空处指代先行词，在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to show。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：各种文化活动将占据中心位置，包括风筝比赛、文化表演和非遗工坊。此处使用介词including，意为“包括”，故填including。 【41题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：在滨海贝尔克举行的国际风筝节是法国规模最大、影响力最大的风筝主题活动。空处和largest并列，应用形容词最高级修饰kite-themed event ，故填most influential。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：游客不仅可以看到各种各样的风筝，传统的和现代的，小型的和巨型的，还可以参加风筝制作车间，艺术表演和体验活动。a variety of“各种各样的”为固定短语，空后wide起始音为辅音，故填a。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：同上。此处是固定搭配not only…but also…“不但……而且……”，为连词连接并列谓语，故填but。 【44题详解】 考查介词。句意：除了常规的风筝表演，今年的节日还将首次举办被称为“世界风筝杯”的国际风筝特技比赛，。in addition to“除……以外（还）”，固定短语，故填to。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。设空处为非谓语动词，call和the international kite stunt competition之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式called作定语，故填called。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$