Unit 5 The Value of Money Discovering Useful Structures情态动词和过去将来时（学案）-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

B3U5 语法：情态动词和过去将来时 知识点学案 一、情态动词 情景导学 ①Well, I can't say that I have any plans. ②Could you offer me work here? ③Oliver believes that with a million-pound bank note a man could live a month in London. ④Would you please come in? ⑤I would like to work in Beijing. ⑥If you don't mind, may I ask you how much money you have? (教材P52) ⑦Well, you mustn't park here. ⑧Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me. 用法归纳 情态动词可以表示能力、许可、必要性、可能性、责任和义务、建议、意愿、要求、打算和禁止等。例如:句①中的can't表示能力;句②中的could用于请求别人做某事;句④中的would表示建议;句⑤中的would表示意愿;句⑥中的may表示征求许可;句⑦中的mustn't表示禁止;句③中的could和句⑧中的may表示可能性。 1.can与could 情景导学 He is only four, but he can read. At that time the little girl couldn't speak. —Can/Could I use your computer for a moment? —Yes, you can. —Can this be true? —It can't/couldn't be true. If not dealt with properly, the situation could become worse. 用法归纳 (1)表示能力,相当于be able to。can表示现在的能力,could表示①　　　　　    。（过去的能力） (2)表示请求和建议。could比can语气更委婉。 (3)表示推测时,can通常用于②　　　    和疑问句中,而could还可用于肯定句中。could比can表示的可能性小。（否定句） 2.may与might 情景导学 —May/Might I watch TV after supper, Mum? —Yes, you may/can. —No, you can't/mustn't. You need to have a good rest. Thinking it might rain, we put off the meeting. You may be right. May you succeed! If the weather is hot tomorrow, we may/might as well give up the idea of playing tennis outside. 用法归纳 (1)表示请求允许。might比may语气更委婉。肯定回答一般用may或③　　    ,否定回答可用can't或④　　    。（can；mustn’t） (2)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might既可表示过去的可能性,也可表示现在的可能性,表示现在的可能性时,might所表示的可能性比may小。 (3)may可表示祝愿。 (4)固定搭配:may/might as well表示“还是……为好,倒不如……”。 3.must与have to 情景导学 —Must we hand in our exercise books today? —Yes, you must. —No, you don't have to./No, you needn't. The play isn't interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. Your mother must be waiting for you now. Must you spoil everything? 用法归纳 (1)must表示“必须,一定”。在回答以must开头的一般疑问句时,如果是否定回答,不能用mustn't(禁止,不准),而应用⑤　　    或don't have to(不必)。（needn’t） (2)must反映说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调⑥　　　　　    。（客观需要） (3)must表示推测、可能性(用于肯定句),意为“一定,肯定”。 (4)must还可用来表示讽刺或抱怨,意为“一定要,非要”。 4.shall、should与ought to 情景导学 What shall we do this evening? You shall fail if you don't work hard. The president shall hold office for four years. We all should/ought to work together to draw a new and better blueprint for the coming generation. I don't know why you should think that I did it. 用法归纳 (1)shall用于第一人称的疑问句中,表示⑦　　　　　    。（征求建议） (2)shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、指示。这种用法已不多见。 (3)shall还可用于正式的法律条文或规章制度中,表示“应该,必须”。 (4)should与ought to表示义务或建议,意为“应该”,往往可以相互替换。 (5)should常与what、how、why等词连用,表示意外、惊讶或恼怒等情绪,常译为“竟然”。 5.will、would与used to 情景导学 Will/Would you pass me the ball, please? He will listen to music for hours alone in the room. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day. He used to be late, but now he is the first one to arrive at school every day. I will help you if you are in trouble. I would like to live in China. Fish will die without water. 用法归纳 (1)will、would可表示请求别人做某事,would语气更委婉。 (2)will表示现在反复发生的动作或存在的状态(或习惯),would表示⑧　　    反复发生的动作或存在的状态(或习惯),这种动作或状态有可能再发生或存在;used to表示过去的习惯,有“现已无此习惯”之意。（过去） (3)will、would还可表示意愿。will表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿,would也可以表示现在的意愿,但语气较委婉。 (4)will还可表示一般规律或真理,常译为“会,能”。 6.dare与need 情景导学 Need I tell her the news at once? He dare not go to school alone. Jack needs to help her because she is in trouble. He didn't dare to say what he had seen. 用法归纳 (1)dare和need用作情态动词时,多用于疑问句和否定句中。 (2)这两个词也可以用作实义动词,后接带to的动词不定式。 7.情态动词后接完成式的用法 情景导学 He can't/couldn't have gone abroad;I saw him an hour ago. Can he have done such a foolish thing? It's too late. You could have told him earlier. He might have had an accident. He may not have known it. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now. You should/ought to have understood that a just cause enjoys abundant support. It was only five minutes' walk. We needn't have taken a taxi. If he had worked hard, he would have passed the College Entrance Examination. 用法归纳 (1)can have done一般用于疑问句或否定句中,用于否定句表示对过去某种情况的推测,意为“不可能……”,用于疑问句表示怀疑,意为“难道真的做了……吗”;could have done也可表示对过去情况的推测或怀疑,同时可用于肯定句表推测,但语气较弱。could have done除了表示对过去某种情况的推测外还可以表示“过去本来可以做某事而未做”。 (2)may/might have done用于对已经发生过的情况进行不确定的推测,might的语气稍弱,通常不用于疑问句中。might have done还可表示“过去可能做某事而实际未做”。 (3)must have done表示对过去已经发生过的情况的肯定推测,语气较强,意思是“一定/肯定做过某事”,通常只用于肯定句,其否定意义常用⑨　　　 表示。（can't/couldn't have done） (4)should/ought to have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而实际上没有做”,其否定形式则表示“过去本不该做某事却做了”,含有责备的意思。ought to的语气比should强烈。 (5)needn't have done表示“⑩　　　　　　　　　    ”。（做了本来不必做的事情   ） (6)在虚拟条件句中,如果表示与过去事实相反的情况,从句用过去完成时,而主句谓语则用“could/might/would have done”。 二、过去将来时 （一）过去将来时的概念和用法 情景导学 He said we would know the result a week later. The train was about to leave. His mother was leaving for Shanghai in a few days. 用法归纳 1.过去将来时表示从　　    的某一时刻来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的将来”。（过去） 2.过去将来时常表示以下两种情况: (1)就过去某一时刻而言,以后将要发生的事情; (2)过去安排好的计划要做的事情。 （二）过去将来时的构成形式 情景导学 He was worried that the storm would cause great losses for his farm. She was going to get the college education that she had dreamed of all those years. The press conference was to be held the next week. I was about to set out when it suddenly began to rain. She told me she was coming to see me. 用法归纳 过去将来时的构成形式有:  ___________________; ___________________; ______________________; ________________________. （would do；was/were going to do；was/were to do；was/were about to do） 易混辨析： 即时巩固 一、用合适的情态动词填空 1.It’s raining heavily outside. You 　　 　    as well stay here for the night. 2.One of our rules is that every student 　　　    wear school uniform while at school. 3.I can't believe such a quiet girl 　　　    be brave enough to protect her brother. 4.　　　     you play the guitar so loudly?I can't concentrate my attention on my work. 5.I 　　　    play basketball now, but I couldn't when I was young. 二、完成句子(使用合适的情态动词) 1.他肯定没去上海,因为我一分钟前还看见他了。 He 　　　　　　　　　　　    to Shanghai, for I saw him a minute ago. 2.——我可以在这个房间待一会儿吗? ——是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。 —May I stay in the room for a while? —Yes, you 　　　    ./No, you 　 　　    . 3.——我必须要在八点之前完成作业吗? ——是的,你必须。/不,你不必。 —Must I finish my homework before eight o'clock? —Yes, you 　　　    ./No, you 　　　    /　　　   　　　    . 4.他不敢去那儿,因为那儿很危险。 He 　　　　　　　    there because it is very dangerous. 三、完成句子(使用过去将来时) 1.看起来好像要下雨。 It seemed as if it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    . 2.当她要离开的时候,她渴望和我们护理团队中的每一个人说再见。 As she 　　　　　　　    , she was eager to say goodbye to each of us in the nursing team. 3.消息传来,我们班将要举行一次与中国传统习俗有关的班会。 Word came that our class 　　　　　　　　　a class meeting whose topic was related to traditional Chinese customs. 4.我正要打开电脑,这时断电了。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　 the computer when the electricity was cut off. 5.他获得的经验注定会改变他以后的人生。 The experience he gained 　　　　　　　   his later life. 答案 一、 1.may/might 2.shall 3.should 4.Must 5.can 二、 1. can't have gone     2. may/can；can't/mustn't     3. must；needn’t/ don’ have to 4. daren’t go 三、 1. was going to rain   2. was leaving     3. was going to hold     4. was about to turn on     5. was to change 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$