串讲02 定语从句 ---2024-2025学年九年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲（冀教版）

串讲02 定语从句 定语从句 1 PART ONE 在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whose,whom和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。 定义： 关系代词引导的定语从句 that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom 指人在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物在从句中作定语 as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。 1.who 指人，在从句中做主语 (1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about . 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替，可省略。 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys . ( which 在句子中做主语 ) (2) This is the pen ( which) he bought yesterday . ( which 在句子中做宾语 ) 4. that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom ；指物时，相当于 which 。 在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor . whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (2)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. =The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个 （2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为这一点，这件事。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 1 3 2 4 当先行词是all,little, much,none,everything,anything,nothing等代词时。 当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。 当主句是以特殊疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句时。 当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。 下列情况下,先行词指物时,只能用that引导,不能用which引导 1 3 2 当介词放在关系代词之前时。 在非限制性定语从句中。 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。 只用which不用that的情况 关系代词的省略 一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词之前时,不能省略。 I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。 注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。 Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁? 关系副词的用法 1、when时间状语 注意：It/Ihis/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that… 只能用that,that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。 2、where 地点状语 注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where. 3、why 原因状语 先行词为reason。 “名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。 关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置 （1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。 （2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。 （3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。 （4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 定语从句中的主谓一致 1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 注意way和time后接定语从句的情况 1、当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。 注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，按正常的定语从句分析。 2、当先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 针对训练 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square. 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day. 6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us. The woman whom you were talking bout is here now. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day. The car just passed us was going 90 miles. 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。 7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. 8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week. 9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science. 10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor. The man who waved to us was my uncle. I enjoyed reading the book that you gave me last week. The subject that I prefer is science. I spoke to the man who is a professor. 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 定语从句解题技巧 2 PART TWO Running Man is a very relaxing TV program which is popular among the young people. 主句：Running Man is a very relaxing TV program 从句：which is popular among the young people 先行词：TV program 关系代词：which 因此,如果确定是考查定语从句,我们就可以排除不是关系代词或关系副词的选项，如：what。在此过程中要掌握“三看”原则。 解题技巧： （1）一看先行词指人还是物 指人：that,who, whose, whom 指物：that, which, whose （2）二看句中作何用 主语 who(人), which（物）, that（人/物） 宾语 who/whom(人), which（物）, that（人/物） 定语 whose（人/物） 状语 where(地点), when（时间）, why（原因） （3）看是否是特殊情况 解题技巧： 针对训练 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. The house ____________ we live in is very big. 2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday. 4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer. 5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited. which/ that who/ that which/ that who/ that that 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him. 7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived? 10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League. that which which/ that where when 模板来自于： 第一PPT https:/// 串讲02 谢谢观看 $$