串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)

2024-09-18
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串讲01 简单句 简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。一般分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。 简单句的特点: 陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句 1 PART ONE 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 ▲陈述句的肯定式: He is a middle school student.(他是个中学生) I have a hammer in my hand.(我手上有把锤子) She teaches us geography.(她教我们地理) The new play was good enough and everybody enjoyed it.(新的话剧非常好大家都喜欢) 用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。 ▲陈述句的否定式: 1.谓语动词如果是be 、助动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。 如:My brother is not a teacher.(我的弟弟不是教师) 2.谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(don’t). 如:I don’t know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) 如果“have”作“有”讲,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 1.句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、not…at all等; 2.句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时, 则视为否定句。 3.陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即:主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。 4.所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。 ▲一般疑问句: 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 1.一般疑问句构成:句中谓语动词是 be、助动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。 如:Is he an engineer?(他是工程师吗?) Have you got today’s newspaper? (你有今天的报纸吗?) 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,则在主语前面加助动词do / does / did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。 如:Do you get up at six every morning?(你天天早晨六点起身吗?) ▲一般疑问句: 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 2.一般疑问句的回答: 一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答。如: Will you join us in playing basketball?(你加入我们打篮球好吗?) —Yes, we will.(是的我们会。)/ —No, we won’t.(不我们不会。) Have you got today’s newspaper?(你有今天的报纸吗?) —Yes, I have .(是的有。)/ —No, I haven’t.(不没有。) 回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致,可以简答为Yes./No. ▲一般疑问句: 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。 3.一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。 这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”;如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。) 疑问词 提问对象 What(什么) 对主语,谓语、表语、宾语提问 What makes you so worried? What are you doing? What is this? What can you see?   The exam makes me so worried. I am watching TV. This is a ruler. I can see a dog. Who(谁) 对主语提问 Who is our monitor?   Tom is our monitor. 疑问词 提问对象 Which(哪个) 对定语提问 Which skirt do you prefer?   I prefer the red one. When(什么时候) 对时间提问 When do you get up every day?   I get up at 6 o’clock. Where(哪里) 对地点提问 Where are they?   They are at home. 疑问词 提问对象 Why(为什么) 对原因提问 Why didn’t you finish your job in time? Why do you study so hard?   Because I was very tired. To pass the exam. How(怎样) 对表示方式、程度的词提问 How do you go to school? How is your school day?   I go to school by car./by +doing. It’s good. How old(多大) 对年龄提问 How old is your son?   He is two years old. 疑问词 提问对象 How many (多少) 对数量提问,后接可数名词复数 How many teachers are there in your school?   There are three teachers in my school. How much (多少) 对数量提问后接不可数名词/对钱提问 How much water in the bottle? How much are the socks?   There is a little water in the bottle. The socks are sever dollars. How long (多长时间) 对时间段提问 How long does it take to go to school?   It takes me 2 hours to go to school. 疑问词 提问对象 How often (多久) 对频率提问 How often do you do exercise?   I do exercise once a week. How far(多远) 对距离提问 How far is it from your home to school?   It is 3 km from my home to school. How soon (多久后) 对将来时间提问 How soon will you finish your work?   I will finish my work in an hour. 祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往省略。 ▲祈使句的肯定式: 动词(原形) + 其他 如:Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴!) ▲祈使句的否定式: Don’t +动词原形 + 其他 如:Please don’t talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) [注意] 以“let’s”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“let’s”后面。 如:Let’s not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。) 肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如:Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。) 感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“!” ▲对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是: What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词, ▲仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是:How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。 如:How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心!) How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃!) 针对训练 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 1. __________ delicious these beef noodles are! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 【答案】B 【解析】本句句意为:多么美味的牛肉面!感叹句的结构是: What + (a/an)+adj.+ n.+主语+谓语+(it is);How + adj./ (adv.)+主语+谓语+ (it is)。 2. I don't think she will agree with us, ? A. will she B. won't she C. don't you D. do you 【答案】A 【解析】本句意为:我认为她不会同意我们的,不是吗?反意疑问句中,当陈述部分含有宾语从句,且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, expect, suppose等时,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应。I don't think...是否定前置,所以简短问句部分用肯定结构,答案为A。 模板来自于: 第一PPT https:/// 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 3. — ______ sweet music! — And I really like the Voice of China TV programs. A.What B. What a C. How D. How a 【答案】A 【解析】本句意为:——多美妙的音乐啊!——我真的很喜欢《中国好声音》这个节目。因为music是不可数名词,故前面不能用a表示,how + adj./adv.+主语+谓语+(it is);而 what + (a / an) + adj.+ n.故本题答案选A。 4. — What are the rules at your school? — Don’t run in the hallways and ______ arrive late for class. A.not to  B. won’t   C. don’t  D. no 【答案】C 【解析】句意:――你们学校的校规是什么?――不要在走廊里跑,上课不能迟到。答语中是两个并列的祈使句,祈使句是以动词原形开头,否定形式是在其前面加don’t。根据句意和否定祈使句的结构,可知应该选择C项。 模板来自于: 第一PPT https:/// 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 5. _______ wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. A. Don't B. Doesn't C. Aren't D. Can't 【答案】A 【解析】句意:不要叫醒你的妹妹,Ben. 她需要好好睡一觉。祈使句以动词原形开头,其否定形式为:Don't+动词原形,故答案为A项。 6. _________ role she played in the movie! That's why she has a lot of fans. A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interesting 【答案】D 【解析】句意:她在这部电影中扮演的角色真有趣!那就是她有许多影迷的原因。感叹句的构成有两种:“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”和“What (+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!”,句中role为可数名词,根据以上提到的结构,应选D项。  模板来自于: 第一PPT https:/// 22个必学简单句型 2 PART TWO 句型1:There+be+主语+地点状语/ 时间状语 There're three books on the table.桌子上有三本书。 句型2:What's wrong with+sb./sth.? What's wrong with your watch?你的手表有什么毛病? 句型3:How do you like…?/What do you think of…? How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样? What do you think of China?你觉得中国怎么样? 句型4:What do you like about…? What do you like about China?你喜欢中国的什么? 句型5:had better(not)+动词原形 You'd better ask that policeman over there. 你最好去问问那边的那个警察。 句型6:Thank+sb.+for (doing) sth. Thank you for coming to see me.感谢你来看我。 句型7:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语 He is a student. So am I.他是一个学生,我也是。 句型8:not…until… He didn't have supper until his parents came back. 句型9:比较级十and+比较级 The weather becomes warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。 句型7:So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语 He is a student. So am I.他是一个学生,我也是。 句型8:not…until… He didn't have supper until his parents came back. 句型9:比较级十and+比较级 The weather becomes warmer and warmer. 天气变得越来越暖和。 句型10:the+比较级,the+比较级 The harder you work, the better you will be. 你学习越努力,你就会越好。 句型11:…as+adj./adv.+as… …not as(so)+adj./adv.+as… Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today. 上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。 句型12:more/less +adj.+than… I think art is less important than music. 我认为艺术不如音乐重要。 句型13:stop…from doing sth. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. 绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。 句型14:both…and… Both you and I are students.我和你都是学生。 句型15:either…or… Either you or he is wrong.不是你错就是他错。 句型16:neither…nor… Neither he nor I am a student.我和他都不是学生。 句型17:…as soon as… As soon as I see him, I'll give him the message. 句型18:so+adj./adv.+that… I was so tired that I didn't want to speak. 句型19:Though…十主句 Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time. 虽然我喜欢给笔友写信,但它要耗费我大量时间。 句型20:be going to This afternoon I'm going to buy an English book. 句型21:be different from I think this is different from Chinese names. 句型22:Welcome (back) to… Welcome back to school!欢迎回到学校! 串讲01 谢谢观看 $$

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串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)
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串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)
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串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)
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串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)
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串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)
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串讲01 简单句 - 2024-2025学年八年级英语上学期期中考点大串讲(冀教版)
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