2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解说明文导学案

Exposition Suggested Answers P1【2023新高考I卷C篇】 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 8. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. P1【2023新高考I卷C篇】答案与解析8. B 事实细节题 根据第一段第一句 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism … 可知，这本书是为了向人们推荐“数字极简主义 ”而写，即“提倡简约数字生活方式 ”。9. A 词义猜测题 根据第三段第二句 This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.可知，the digital declutter 要求人们远离一些线上活动，即对自己的线上活动进行“清理 ”。10. C 事实细节题 根据第四段第三句 You’ll hear these participants’ storiesand learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.可知，作者在这部分章节中讲述了一些实验参与者的事例供读者参考。11. A 推理判断题 根据最后一段最后一句 You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.可知，作者提到可以将这些做法当作工具箱，用来帮助自己形成极简的数字生活方式。 P2【2023新高考I卷D篇】 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. 答案与解析32. B 主旨大意题 第二段主要解释了为什么大量独立估算的平均值在某些 情况下可以相当准确，这是由于人们估算的误差并不总是相同的，当这些误差足够多，并被平均开来时，它们会互相抵消，从而得出更准确的估算值，这就是群体智慧效应的基本逻辑。故 B 项正确。33. D 事实细节题 根据第二段可知，群体智慧效应注重的是 independent。 而 Navajas 的研究侧重于 discussion 。实验结果表明，即使人们进行了交流 和讨论，群体智慧效应的优势仍然存在。也就是说，即使人们的估算不是独 立的，平均的估算准确度也会提高。因此 D 项正确。A 项容易被错选，根 据第三段 中 的 the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals 可知，进行试验的群体总人数是一样的，只是分成了小组，且研究并没有论证群体数量是影响准确度的因素。34. C 事 实 细 节 题 根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的 In a follow-up study … the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they … 可知，在后续的研究中，研究人员试图 更好地了解小组成员在讨论中做了什么才使估算准确度提高，因此后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选 C。35. D 观点态度题 根据最后一段中的 Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.可知，作者认为，尽管 Navajas 领导的研究有局限性和许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的，由此可推断作者对 Navajas 的研究是支持的。故选 D 项。 P3【2023▪新高考II卷】 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 9. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. 答案与解析28. A 推理判断题 根据第一段的第一句 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. 以及第二段的第一句 In this “book of books,” ... 可知，本文介绍了收录近三百件来自博物馆和世界各地的收藏品的一本书。29. C 事实细节题 根据第一段的最后一句 In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. 和第二段中关于不同人物和阅读场景的描述可知，选取的艺术作品是与书籍和阅读相关的。30. A 词义猜测题 根据第二段最后两句可知，艺术品里不同场景中和不同 姿势的成年人都是独自一人——沉浸在一本书中，陷入沉思或处于休闲状 态。虽然这些场景可能是几百年前画的，但这些瞬间我们都能感同身受，也就是“理解 ”的意思。31. A 推理判断题 根据第四段的第二句From a 21st-century point of view, ... as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. 可知，从当代通信技术的发 展来看，印刷书的确比较古老，但它仍然像所有的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。由此可推断出印刷书并没有完全落后于时代的发展。 P4【2023▪新高考II卷D篇】 As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature. 13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists. C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. 14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C. The same nature experience takes different forms. D. The nature language enhances work performance. 15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation. C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication. 答案与解析32. B 事实细节题 由题干中 at the beginning of the text,定位到文章第一 段，第一段主要讲述随着世界各地城市的快速发展和扩张，生活在城市的人 们越来越难接近自然。最后一句 ... but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. 点明在城市中很难找到相对野生的环境。33. D 推 理 判 断 题 根 据 第 四 段 第 一 句 ... a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. 和 第 五 段 第 一 句 Naming each nature experience ..., which helps people ...，可知，研究人员对 参与者提交的重要经历编码分类是为了找到并总结人与自然互动的方式，有助于更好地了解游客们的体验，帮助提高人与自然的互动。34. C 推理判断题 由题干 the example given in paragraph 5 定位到第五段 最后两句 For example, the experience of walking along the edge of ... lunch break. 可知，同样是散步，周末在公园远足的年轻职场人士可能沿着水边 散步，但在工作日，他们可以通过在午休时间沿着喷泉散步得到类似的体验。由此推断出同样的自然体验可以采取不同的形式，所以 C 项正确。35. B 事实细节题 由 Kahn 定位到文章最后一段，根据最后一段第二句 “ And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it, ”，可知我们只有在保护好自然的前提下，才可以与自然互动。B 项 conservation 与 protect 同义异构。 P5【2023全国甲卷C篇】 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about undestanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiners book. 30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. 答案与解析 28. C 事实细节题 根据第一段中的 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. ... It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy.可知，是 Jostein Gaarder 的书 Sophie’s World 带 领作者进入哲学的世界，换句话说，正是 Jostein Gaarder 为作者打开了哲学世界的大门，故选 C。 29. D 事实细节题 根据第四段中的 The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer,and have no regrets like Nietzsche.可知，阅读《苏格拉底哲学特快车》可以让我们学会像苏格拉底那样思考， 像梭罗那样观察，像叔本华那样倾听，像尼采那样无怨无悔。这可以让读者更好地理解书的内容，故选 D。 30. B 事实细节题 根据第四段最后一句 This, ..., is a book about learning touse philosophy to improve a life.可知，书里的思想可用于改善生活； 再由第五段第一句 He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise thatimproves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. 可知，作者对 Weiner 将哲学实用化的解读方式持肯定态度， 因此，B 项“其观点可用于日常生活”是作者喜欢《苏格拉底哲学特快车》的方面。 31. D 观点态度题 根据第五段第一句中的 humor、该段最后一句中的 adding his own interpretation 以及第六段第一句 The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity...可知，作者认为 Weiner 的书既幽默风趣又简单易懂，故选 D。 P6【2023▪全国甲卷D篇】 Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. 答案与解析 32. A 事实细节题 根据第一段第一句中的 … occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche — we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. 可知，“在美国人的精神世界中，灰熊占据了一个充满矛盾的角落，美国人对于灰熊是既敬畏又感到害怕”，故选 A。 33. C 事实细节题 根据第三段可知， 在欧洲殖民者到达美国之初，美国大约有 5 万多只灰熊。但是到了 20 世纪 70 年代早期，灰熊因不断遭到猎杀仅剩下 600 — 800 只了。根据《濒危物种法》，灰熊于 1975 年被纳入保护名录。根据第四段第一句可知，现在美国大约有 2 000 多只灰熊。由此可知，灰熊数量的增加得益于《濒危物种法》法案。 34. A 事实细节题 根据第四段倒数第二句 Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. 可知，保护组织不同意美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名录上除名。 35. B 推理判断题 根据最后一段第一句可知，灰熊有时会带来麻烦， 比如 杀死农场动物或者在院子里觅食。第二句又提到，如果人们在院子里不放置 食物或诱食剂，灰熊一般在路过院子时不会制造任何麻烦。这说明人类是可以和灰熊和谐相处的，前提是灰熊没有机会受到食物的诱惑。 P7【2023▪全国乙卷C篇】 What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 28. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. 答案与解析 28. A 事实细节题 根据第一段可知，说起英国食物，人们一般想到的是炸 鱼和薯条、一荤两素的周日晚餐， 根据该段中关键信息 uninteresting ...less-than-impressive cuisine 可知，这些食物简单、无趣。 29. D 推理判断题 根据第二段最后一句可知，“ 电视节目似乎促使人们改变 了对烹饪的看法”。且第三段提到，市场分析人员的一项新研究发现，电视烹饪节目改变了一部分英国人的饮食习惯、烹饪习惯以及对烹饪的态度。因此， 英国 电视 烹 饪 节 目 对 英 国 人 的 饮 食 和 烹 饪 习惯 有很大影响力（influential）。 30. D 事实细节题 根据第三段第二句 Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients than they used to … 可知，现在近三分之一的人使用更多种类的配料，选项 D 33% 最接近“三分之一 ”这个比例。 31. B 推理判断题 文章最后一段末句提到“随着电视上的男厨师越来越多， 男孩喜欢烹饪不再是‘不酷的 ’事了 ”。选项 B Male chefs on TV programmes.承接上文， 是作者可能会继续谈论的内容。 P8【2023▪浙江1月卷D篇】 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 32. What do solar developers often ignore? A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology. 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development. C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development 答案与解析 32.B 事实细节题根据第二段第 一 句中的 … so they haven't given much thought to what they put … 和 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 中 的 … especially in farming regions,see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.可知，开发者忽略了安装太阳能电池板对土壤所造成的破坏。 33.C 推理判断题根据InSPIRE 定位到第三段，由第二句 They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.和第三句 InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.可知，InSPIRE 旨在实现太阳能开发与环境之间的平衡。 34.A 事实细节题根据题干定位到第四段，由第二句Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.可知，制定法律是为了保护传粉昆虫的栖息地和限制杀虫剂的使用。 35.D 主旨大意题全文主要介绍了旧式太阳能农场给土壤造成了破坏，为 了实现太阳能开发与环境之间的平衡，环境友好型的新型太阳能农场正在开发。 P9【2022▪新高考I卷C篇】 The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 28. What is the purpose of the project? A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement. C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality. 30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate. 31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative. C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results. 答案与解析 28. D 事实细节题 根据第二段第一句 The project was dreamed up … to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. 可知，这个项目的 目的是为了缓解老年人的孤独，提升他们的幸福感。D 项中的 promote 和welfare 分别对应文中的 improve 和 wellbeing ，故选 D。 29. B 推理判断题 根据第五段 It’s good to have a different focus … I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful. 可知，Ruth Xavier 喜欢养鸡，做些有用的事让她感觉很好，由此可推断出她从养鸡这件事中获得了成就感（a sense of achievement）。 30. C 词义猜测题 根据 embark on 前面的 one of the first 及其后面的 Residents really welcome the idea of 可知，此处指 Wendy Wilson 是最早发起（begin）这个项目的人之一，embark on 与 C 项 begin 意思相近。 31. A 推理判断题 根据最后两段中 Residents really welcome the idea of the project … We are happy to be taking part in the project. 可知，人们欣然接受这个项目并且乐于参与，也就是这个项目很受大家欢迎（well received）。 P10【2022▪新高考I卷D篇】 Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development. 33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily. C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings. C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process. 35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity. C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings. 答案与解析 32. D 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句中的 … diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds … 和第二段最后一句中的 … how and why this trend arose. 可知 Damián Blasi 的研究与人类语音的发展变化有关。故 D 项正确。 33. C 事实细节题 根据第三段第一句 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth … by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. 可知，要发 出唇齿音（produce labiodentals），上牙需要触碰到下嘴唇，而古人类的上 门牙和下门牙是对齐的，这种下颌骨结构让他们很难发出唇齿音，所以选 C。 34. A 主旨大意题 上文提到人类语音及牙齿咬合的变化与新石器时代（the Neolithic age）农业的发展有关，而第五段主要说明了“一项语言数据库的 分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化 ”， 因此第五段主要为上文的研究结果提供证据。本段第一句中的 confirm（证实）是关键词。 35. C 推理判断题 根据最后一段 The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable … is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution 可知，人类的语音并不是一成不变的，而是一个复杂的动态变化、相互作用的系统。 $$ 高三英语大单元整体学习二轮复习学程 阅读理解专项—说明文 科研组长：_________备课组长：_________ 包科干部：_________ 学科主任：_________年级主任：_________ 中心主任：_________ 班级：_________________ 小组：_________________ 姓名：_________________ 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 一、英语一核四层四翼在阅读理解--说明文中的体现 一核 为什么考 围绕“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”。选所取语篇主题积极向上、联系生活、有思维含量、话题覆盖德智体美劳全人发展各个方面。 四层 考什么 核心价值 从“人与自然、人与社会、人与自我”三大主题全面考查学生综合运用英语能力，在巩固德育、坚守智育的基础上，加强对健康意识、审美情趣和劳动精神的考查。 学科素养 阅读理解突出学生的思辨能力包括分析、推理和判断；理解文化内涵， 比较异同，汲取精华，尊重差异。 关键能力 英语学科听说读写四项关键能力、其中读是基础也是重中之重，主要是阅读中知识信息获取能力和思维认知能力。 学生应能： 1）理解主旨要义； 2）理解文中具体信息； 根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； 4）做出判断和推理； 5）理解文章的基本结构； 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 必备知识 英语 3000 词汇、常用句式表达、长难句分析和主题词汇 四翼 怎么考 基础性 说明文词汇专业、句式复杂，较其他题材，相对较难，对必备知识要求较高，需要考生对必备词汇扎实掌握，对复杂句式准确又快速地分析理解。老师帮助整理说明文常用词汇，对学生的长难句分析进行方法引领。 综合性 说明文阅读需要学生具备较强的阅读能力和对主题语篇的综合理解能力。题目的设置从细节题、主旨题、推断题和猜测词义等多方面综合考查、情境具有很强的复杂性。需要老师选材适切，深度剖析文章，全篇综合布题，把握好出题细节。 应用性 说明文选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们比较关心的社会问题等。材料时代性强，密切联系社会和生活，致力于培养学生在生活实践或探索问题情境的研究整合和语言表达能力。需要大家关注时文阅读，了解话题和情境。 创新性 说明文阅读重视思维品质的培养，特别是批判性思维和创新思维的培养是选择语篇的主要标准。词汇运用灵活，同一词的不同词性的用法交替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常达到了 4-5%。我们要引导学生通过语境和语言特点迁移地理解语言、批判地思考、创新性地提出新观点。 二、题型题路 “英语说明文”，顾名思义，就是一种以“说明、解释”为主要表达方式的英语文体。它是对客观事物的性状、特点、功能和用途等等做科学解说的。说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，使人们增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，专业术语多，易于拉开考生分数档次，便于高校分层次选拔人才。然而对于考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度增大了。高考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。 三、建议及要求： 1. 词汇：必备知识之基础词汇必须过关，集中排查常见说明文词汇。 2. 长难句：依托分析长难句的方法，提高自己的信息获取、理解和掌握能力。 3. 文章结构：深度学习文章，要能够总结文章的基本结构，辨析具体细节信息。经常用自己的语言对文章进行概述，有意提升自己的语言表达能力。 4. 重视语篇情境，养成分析文章核心价值、作者写作意图的习惯，批判性地认识文中的主旨，并通过自己的逻辑思辨，发散地、逆向地解决问题。 Overall Construction Overall Perception Overall Perception Overall Perception 【Learning Objectives】 1. Explore the main ideas and detailed information of the passages by reading in 40 minutes. 2. Analyze the features of expository and work out the practical solutions through team work. 3. Enlarge your vocabulary by sorting out the unfamiliar chunks 从以下角度分析每一篇文章： 对于每一道题，应从命题的角度出发。理解命题逻辑，弄懂答案为什么对，切莫钻牛角尖。 积累语言点。每份试卷上总会出现一些陌生的语言点，对此应该主动出击，通过查字典、请教老师同学等方式，弄会弄懂，将一份试卷的收益最大化。 反思： 1. 词汇记忆出错？ 2. 语法知识不到位？ 3. 信息查找不够细致？ 4. 还是时间分配不合理？ P1【2023▪新高考I卷】 The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. 8. What is the book aimed at? A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle. C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device. 9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one? A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods. C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses. 11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two? A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends. C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them. Learning Notes P2【2023▪新高考I卷】 On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. 12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect. C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment. 13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________. A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent 14. What did the follow-up study focus on? A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members. C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates. 15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies? A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving. Learning Notes P3【2023▪新高考II卷】 Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time. In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity. 8. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing. C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings. 9. What are the selected artworks about? A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school. C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure. 10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader? A. The printed book is not totally out of date. B. Technology has changed the way we read. C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked. D. People now rarely have the patience to read. Learning Notes P4【2023▪新高考II卷】 As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild. Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being. The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.” Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break. “We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. 12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text? A. Pocket parks are now popular. B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities. C. Many cities are overpopulated. D. People enjoy living close to nature. 13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories? A. To compare different types of park-goers. B. To explain why the park attracts tourists. C. To analyze the main features of the park. D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries. 14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5? A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature. B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature. C. The same nature experience takes different forms. D. The nature language enhances work performance. 15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn? A. Language study. B. Environmental conservation. C. Public education. D. Intercultural communication. Learning Notes Exploration & Transfer 【Learning Objectives】 1. Figure out the functional words and expressions by unpacking the item stems 2. Analyse the construction of the useful sentences and imitate them. 3. Voice your ideas on your understanding about the unknown world P5【2023▪全国甲卷】 I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学). That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them. Eric weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy. Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life. He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation. The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of. 28. Who opened the door to philosophy for the author? A. Foucault. B. Eric Weiner. C. Jostein Gaarder. D. A college teacher. 29. Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4? A. To compare Weiner with them. B. To give examples of great works. C. To praise their writing skills. D. To help readers understand Weiners book. 30. What does the author like about The Socrates Express? A. Its views on history are well-presented. B. Its ideas can be applied to daily life. C. It includes comments from readers. D. It leaves an open ending. 31. What does the author think of Weiners book? A. Objective and plain. B. Daring and ambitious. C. Serious and hard to follow. D. Humorous and straightforward. Learning Notes P6【2023▪全国甲卷】 Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. “Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. 32. How do Americans look at grizzlies? A. They cause mixed feelings in people. B. They should be kept in national parks. C. They are of high scientific value. D. They are a symbol of American culture. 33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population? A. The European settlers’ behavior. B. The expansion of bears’ range. C. The protection by law since 1975. D. The support of Native Americans. 34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies? A. The opposition of conservation groups. B. The successful comeback of grizzlies. C. The voice of the biologists. D. The local farmers’ advocates. 35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Food should be provided for grizzlies. B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies. C. A special path should be built for grizzlies. D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies. Learning Notes P7【2023▪全国乙卷】 What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists. It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 28. What do people usually think of British food? A. It is simple and plain. B. It is rich in nutrition. C. It lacks authentic tastes. D. It deserves a high reputation. 29. Which best describes cookery programme on British TV? A. Authoritative. B. Creative. C. Profitable. D. Influential. 30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now? A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%. 31. What might the author continue talking about? A. The art of cooking in other countries. B. Male chefs on TV programmes. C. Table manners in the UK. D. Studies of big eaters. Learning Notes P8【2023▪浙江1月卷】 According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them. Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil. “Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫). Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms. Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick. 32. What do solar developers often ignore? A. The decline in the demand for solar energy. B. The negative impact of installing solar panels. C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D. The most recent advances in solar technology. 33. What does InSPIRE aim to do? A. Improve the productivity of local farms. B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds. C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas. 34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4? A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development. C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development Learning Notes Reconstruction & Extension 【Learning Objectives】 1. Apply the strategies and skills that you’ve learnt from the above exercises to the following ones 2. Analyse text structure and organization through characters and setting 3. Set four questions for each passage according to their main ideas P9【2022▪新高考I卷】 The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ” “I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 28. _____________________________________________? A. _________________________ B. _________________________ C. _________________________ D. _________________________ 29. _____________________________________________? A. _________________________ B. _________________________ C. _________________________ D. _________________________ 30. _____________________________________________? A. ____________B. _____________C. ____________D. ____________ 31. _____________________________________________? A. _________________________ B. _________________________ C. _________________________ D. _________________________ P10【2022▪新高考I卷】 Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team. 32. _____________________________________________? A. _________________________ B. _________________________ C. _________________________ D. _________________________ 33. _____________________________________________? A. _________________________ B. _________________________ C. _________________________ D. _________________________ 34. _____________________________________________? A. ____________B. _____________C. ____________D. ____________ 35. _____________________________________________? A. _________________________ B. _________________________ C. _________________________ D. _________________________ $$