2024届高三英语二轮复习完形填空（记叙文）导学案

高三英语大单元整体学习二轮复习学程 完形填空专项（记叙文） Cloze 审核：__________ 审批：__________ 年级：__________ 班级：__________ 小组：__________ 姓名：__________ Cloze 2023-2024高三英语完形填空专项（记叙文） 单元概述 【课标要求】 1. 从语篇中提取主要信息和观点，理解语篇要义； 2. 理解语篇中显性或隐形的逻辑关系； 3. 把握语篇中主要时间的来龙去脉； 4. 抓住语篇中的关键概念和关键细节； 5. 根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义； 6. 在语境中学习词汇； 7. 根据语篇中的核心词等，理解段落或句子之间的内在衔接。 8. 能识别语篇的类型和结构，辨识和分析语篇的文体特征及衔接手段，识别语篇为传递意义而选用的主要词汇和语法结构。 英语一核四层四翼在完形填空专项中的体现 一核 为什么考 围绕“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”, 选取语篇主题积极向上，语篇联系生活、有思维含量，话题涉及社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、当代社会科学的最新发展各个方面。 四层 考 什 么 核心价值 完形填空题材多样化，遵循“文章内容体现生活化”的原则，传递正能量。从 “人与自然、人与社会、人与自我” 三大主题语境全面考查学生综合运用英语能力，在巩固德育、坚守智育的基础上，加强对健康意识、审美情趣和劳动精神的考查。 学科素养 考查目标：考查在语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力；考查根据试题内容进行正确逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括等阅读理解能力。 考查方向：结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握, 降低对单词本身词义的考查要求，将考查的重点放在理解全文、通篇考虑、掌握大意、注重关联方面。 关键能力 1. 在语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力； 2. 对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力； 3. 根据语篇进行正确逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概况等阅读理解能力； 4. 词义辨析能力； 5. 根据上下文推断语篇中的隐含意义。 必备知识 1. 完形填空的选材均来源于英美国家的正规网站和英美主流主刊等。在进行素材文字处理和段落取舍时，特别注重文章情节的完整性、信息的丰富性、语言文字的地道性和文化背景的真实性。 2. 英语新课标3500词汇的基本用法，及其熟词生义、一词多义的用法； 3. 常用句式表达； 4. 语块在语境中的准确理解与分析。 四翼 怎 么 考 基础性 完形填空文中没有生僻词，语言简单，长句不多；对熟词生义,一词多义进行适度考查。从词义辨析的角度来看，其中大部分题目都可以利用较小的语境和词汇的辨析来解决；从词汇难度来看，初中所学词汇占据大半，即便是高中阶段所学的词汇,也基本在必修范围之内。聚焦完形填空核心考点—逻辑推理,对综合判断和分析概括等进行考查。 综合性 高考完形填空题材多元化，遵循“文章内容体现生活化”的原则，传递正能量。语篇以“人与社会”与“人与自我”主题语境为主，体裁以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹议文、说明文和议论文，通过恰当的选词，熟悉语篇结构，根据句内层次、句间层次和语篇层次，通过对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力，破解问题。 应用性 高考完形填空遵循 “以实词为主、虚词为辅,突出词汇语境化” 的命题原则,通过巧妙设题，侧重考查考生在语篇中对词汇的综合运用能力。因此在备考过程中,应选择规范设题的材料，牢固掌握词汇的基本用法,及其熟词生义、一词多义的用法;多进行一些思维含量高的语用活动,通过语言的运用,在培养思维能力的同时带动语言知识的学习。 创新性 1. 语篇取材越来越多元化，设问情境也不断创新。根据所选素材创设不同的生活实践情境和学习探索情境，丰富题型设计和设问方式。 2. 语篇贴近生活实际，突出考查学生使用英语学习和思辨活动，达到接近实际问题的能力。 备考建议和训练要求 备考建议 (一)精选语篇材料 在备考的过程中，语篇要以“人与社会”与“人与自我”主题语境为主，体裁以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙决议文、议论文、说明文, 通过恰当的选材，熟悉语篇结构，根据句内层次，句间层次和语篇层次, 通过对文章总体框架的理解和思辨能力，破解问题。诵读一些地道的英文美篇和经典文，对英语语言知识、思维品质、文化意识等学科素养进行渗透。 (二)强化科学设题 高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅, 突出词汇语境化”的命题原则，通过巧妙设题，侧重考查考生在语篇中对词汇的综合运用能力。因此在备考过程中，应选择规范设题的材料，牢固掌握词汇的基本用法, 及其熟词生义、一词多义的用法；多进行一些思维含量高的语用活动，通过语言的运用, 在培养思维能力的同时带动语言知识的学习。 (三)掌握答题技巧 1.通读全文抓中心。理清写作要素，包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物 (who)、事件的内容(what)、原因(why)等, 统揽全局, 抓住文章的主体, 理解整篇文章，把握主题，读懂文章大意, 快速梳理文章脉络, 有助于明确做题方向, 提高针对性。 2.明确文章的叙述角度。通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。第一人称从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述, 同学们可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。在做题时大家可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受, 会做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进行者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。 3.理清写作顺序。根据写作的需要, 作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。了解事情发展的来龙去脉，更迅速、准确地理解文意。 4.看清记叙的线索：人物线、事物线、感情线、事件线、时间线、地点线等。 5.洞悉写作目的。作者是借助叙述这样一个载体来阐明一个道理,给人以启迪或教益。 (四)进行科学训练 1.在语篇中记忆词汇 平时复习中，要系统复习词汇、短语搭配、习惯用法及一些重要句型; 在不断积累并熟练掌握词汇的过程中,一定要在具体语境中记忆单词, 注意核心词汇在不同语境中的多种含义、熟词生义，也要注意词性的转化，提高在语篇中灵活运用词汇的能力。对于做过的完形填空试题，要进行回填，仔细阅读篇章，熟悉其中的词汇，必要时通过查词典学习生词。 2.加强文本深度理解的训练 梳理文章脉络时，要再度关注首尾段、主题句、关键句，思考文章讲了什么、作者的写作目的，从而领悟文章的主旨，准确把握人物的情感与态度，准确把握文章的主题思想和作者的写作态度和观点。可以运用逆向思维, 从结果往回看，这有助于了解主人公最后的结局, 推断他会经历怎样的感情过程和行为过程；然后处理不太确定的题目，从出题人的角度和上下文情景选出最佳答案。 3.提高逻辑理解能力 重视对上下文语境的理解,以及上下文逻辑关系的分析,不能急于完成试题,要读懂读透文章,理解上下文语境,将词语与语境相结合,理解出题人设计的教育意义。根据题目的不同，结合常识、文化背景、词汇复现等技巧合理推断句中、句间、段内逻辑关系。 4.养成良好的阅读习惯，培养熟练的阅读技巧，克服急躁心理。大量的阅读还要以熟练的技巧为前提，良好的习惯为保证。应注意平时训练不要盲目选择，要有根有据。阅读时要控制时间，并着眼于整句的理解、整段的把握。切忌遇到生词就查词典，这样会影响阅读速度。另外，要保持良好的心态，遇到问题及时解决，坚持不懈，才能稳步前进。 5.注意分析错题，避免出现类似的错误。每做完一篇完形之后，都应对所错之处进行分析，总结出错的原因，找出正确的解题思路，以逐步养成良好的解题习惯。 【单元目标】 1. Figure out how Cloze will be tested in NCEE and analyze the characteristics of the passages. 2. Summarize useful words and chunks and accumulate more good expressions by exploring more passages. 3. Assess your progress by completing all the passages and summarize the ways of doing the cloze. 【学时建议】 Stage Overall Construction Exploration & Transfer Extension & Test Period 2 4 2 【单元学习目标追求】 ( Overall Construction ) 【Learning Objectives】 1. Figure out the examination requirements of Cloze test. 2. Figure out how the narrative cloze essays are examined in the college entrance examination. 3. Summarize how to do narrative cloze. 【应试策略】 一、关注首句，领会大意 记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，下文将按照一定的线索展开叙述。通过首句可以明确文章话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。尾句往往是作者的点睛之笔，通过尾句一般可以更加真实、确切地体会到作者的写作意图、对待事件的真实态度等核心内容。 例：From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano recital(独奏会)和尾句的With his first recital，my father taught me more about courage and determination than all the words he used those 30­plus years ago.表明了文章的主旨：作者本来很反感弹钢琴，但是父亲的行为感动了自己。作者认为他的实际行动比30多年以前说的话更有感染力。 二、注重语境，理清行文逻辑 夹叙夹议文以叙述为主，绝大部分篇幅是在描述事件，而作者的观点及态度往往隐含在叙述中，这就要求考生增强语篇意识，抓住文章的叙事线索，弄清文章的内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容做出选择，并适当进行逻辑推理是解题的关键。 三、找准标志词，弄清故事发展模式 夹叙夹议文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例、结论、顺序和对照等手段。考生应注意观察文章的结构特点，根据表达这些手段的衔接词来正确理解故事情节。 常见标志词有：(1)并列关系：and，not only...but also，that is to say等；(2)因果关系：because，for，so that，in order that，due to，thanks to，thus，therefore，so等；(3)对比关系：while，whereas，as，rather than，instead of等；(4)转折关系：although，though，even if，nevertheless，despite，but，yet，however，on the contrary等；(5)递进关系：also，then，besides，in addition，furthermore，what’s more等；(6)顺序关系：first，then，on the one hand等；(7)转变话题：by the way，what I really mean...等。 Activity 1. Construct the examination requirements of Cloze test. No.1答题卡：1. ________________6._______________11. _______________ No.2答题卡：16. _______________21.________________26. _______________ No.3答题卡：1. ________________6._________________ 11. _________________ No.4答题卡：21. ________________26._________________31. ____________36. ____________ No.4答题卡：41.________________46.________________51. ____________ No.1 【2023·新高考I卷】 用时_______________得分_____________ On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have 1 the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get 8 attention. Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 13 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the 14 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day. 1．A．designed B．followed C．changed D．finished 2．A．delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse 3．A．judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor 4．A．race B．school C．town D．training 5．A．agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised 6．A．courage B．aid C．patience D．advice 7．A．went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down 8．A．medical B．public C．constant D．equal 9．A．interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated 10．A．hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness 11．A．worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged 12．A．game B．problem C．lesson D．deal 13．A．leave B．cure C．bother D．understand 14．A．ride B．test C．meet D．show 15．A．secret B．display C．benefit D．Exchange No.2 【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷】 用时_______________得分_____________ In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 16 . They could not afford to pay for 17 for their dog, Tiffy, and 18 wanted to take her with them. It just 19 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 20 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 21 Tiffy. When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very 22 . George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 23 for him, having to leave his dog to a 24 and trust that everything would 25 . After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 26 Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 27 them as soon as we got to Kansas City. The flight was 28 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 29 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 30 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 16．A．turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection 17．A．food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation 18．A．desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally 19．A．appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed 20．A．waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed 21．A．see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up 22．A．confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious 23．A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky 24．A．coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbor 25．A．speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off 26．A．feed B．follow C．change D．load 27．A．call B．join C．leave D．serve 28．A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful 29．A．returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed 30．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic No.3 【2023·全国甲卷】 用时_______________得分_____________ Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer. The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was 3 called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 6 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. These can’t be any 8 , we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we 10 them. What we discovered is that it’s 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 15 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 16 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 17 . It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re 18 , and as close as possible to where they were 19 . What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana. 1．A．waited B．met C．camped D．stayed 2．A．making B．searching C．squeezing D．feeling 3．A．customer B．neighbor C．relative D．passenger 4．A．lend B．send C．bring D．show 5．A．choice B．comment C．promise D．gesture 6．A．worried B．moved C．thrilled D．bored 7．A．simple B．real C．shiny D．fun 8．A．more B．good C．new D．easy 9．A．sympathetic to B．thankful for C．cautious about D．interested in 10．A．tried B．sold C．returned D．mixed 11．A．unnecessary B．uncertain C．unwise D．unusual 12．A．appearance B．quality C．origin D．price 13．A．size B．shape C．color D．taste 14．A．smell B．look C．become D．work 15．A．happy B．vivid C．short D．vague 16．A．clean B．check C．count D．pack 17．A．perfect B．useful C．convenient D．familiar 18．A．on view B．on sale C．in season D．in need 19．A．finished B．stored C．found D．grown 20．A．cooked B．given C．bought D．told No.4 【2023·全国乙卷】 用时_______________得分_____________ To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 21 best. She had to 22   her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 23 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 24 waves on her board. But it was 25 to take the leap (飞跃), however 26 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 27 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 28 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 29 and everything was new to her. As it turned out, Douglas did 30 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 31 two Russians. The Chinese coach 32 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 33 , helping her skyrocket from an 34 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 35 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 36 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 37 all along that she would win. Not so long ago, Martha Karolyl the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it 38 to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought 39 that she could make the London Games — and win. “I’m going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I’m ready to 40 .” And shine she did. 21．A．tried B．thought C．judged D．knew 22．A．take up B．pack up C．clean up D．do up 23．A．goodbye B．hello C．thanks D．no 24．A．cause B．observe C．ride D．strike 25．A．common B．time C．fun D．tough 26．A．breathtaking B．heartbreaking C．eye-catching D．head-spinning 27．A．dropped out B．moved on C．pulled over D．went off 28．A．reason B．talk C．compete D．train 29．A．met B．helped C．understood D．needed 30．A．approximately B．gradually C．exactly D．possibly 31．A．defeated B．pleased C．respected D．assisted 32．A．forced B．transformed C．persuaded D．put 33．A．world B．city C．team D．state 34．A．amateur B．elected C．average D．enthusiastic 35．A．clarifying B．defending C．winning D．demanding 36．A．followed B．organized C．watched D．led 37．A．confident B．nervous C．excited D．uneasy 38．A．viewed B．appeared C．mattered D．took 39．A．now and then B．more and more C．far and wide D．on and on 40．A．shine B．fly C．dance D．Score No.5 【2024·1月浙江卷】 用时_______________得分_____________ While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in the northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ___41___ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ___42___ me on the train. My ___43___ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ___44___ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours he would tell me about how he had ___45___ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ___46___ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps most ___47___, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye he would ___48___ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ___49___ as a whole. “And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ___50___ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ___51___ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ___52___, and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ___53___ me just how much one can gain from ___54___ with an open mind, and a willingness to ___55___ with locals from all walks of life. 41. A. experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointment 42. A. treated B. saved C. lectured D. approached 43. A. true B. so-called C. new D. long-lost 44. A. chance B. advice C. trouble D. right 45. A. visited B. financed C. attended D. founded 46. A. building B. sweeping C. checking D. guarding 47. A. typical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkable 48. A. publish B. quote С. copy D. download 49. A. writers B. historians C. workers D. students 50. A. anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catch 51. A. look into B. rely on C. go over D. deal with 52. A. well-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educated 53. A. asked B. warned C. showed D. promised 54. A. traveling B. reading C. searching D. teaching 55. A. cooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage ( Learning notes, summary and reflection: ) Exploration & Transfer ( Exploration & Transfer ) 【Learning objectives】 1. Apply the instructions for doing the cloze in the following new passages within given time. 2. Explore how to make reasonable inference and read for information by analyzing the context in the passages in groups. 3. Reflect on your group work and voice your opinions about the methods of doing the exercises. Activity 2. Explore how to do the cloze with comments by reading and fishing the following passages. Passage 1（2022·新高考I卷记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 41-45________________ 46-50________________ 51-55________________ My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 -he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did. Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 53 . Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next. 41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled 43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried 44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid 45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D.as for 46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed 47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded 49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed 50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix 51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal 52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly 53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right 54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement 55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict Passage 2（2022·新高考II卷记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-55________________ Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel ___23___ . They’re part of a new form of the ___24___ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ . It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully ___27___ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to ___28___ . But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like ____30____ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says. The couple has a high ____31____ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s ____32____ . For Jessica, that means ____33____ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house ____34____ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right ____35____ ,” she says. 21. A. indoors B. online C. single-handed D. full-time 22. A. game B. service C. vacation D. procedure 23. A. safe B. busy C. helpful D. affordable 24. A. local B. private C. sharing D. agricultural 25. A. strangers’ B. parents’ C. co-workers’ D. neighbors’ 26. A. favor B. defense C. honor D. absence 27. A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete 28 A. buy B. transport C. choose D. please 29. A. support B. comfort C. control D. attention 30. A. cooking B. staying C. waiting D. studying 31. A. success B. survival C. growth D. unemployment 32. A. budget B. abilities C. expectations D. understanding 33. A. admiring B. donating C. sending D. borrowing 34. A. clean B. open C. simple D. empty 35. A. guess B. decision C. response D. impression Passage 3（ 2023山师附中高三6月模拟 记叙文） 用时_______________得分____________ Answers: 56-60________________ 61-65________________ 66-70________________ Jennifer Webb-McRae always knew what she wanted to be when she grew up. She really never wanted to be anything else 56 a lawyer when she grew up and that was because her family kind of put that idea in her head. They used to say she 57 every point, so she should grow up and be a lawyer. Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and received her law degree there. 58 , Webb-McRae was interested in family law, so she clerked for a judge 59 in that field. Later, she got a chance to work with the juvenile (未成年) justice system. During that time, she found she had a 60 for criminal law and decided to work for that. Now, she feels fortunate to get a job representing juvenile defendants. Her responsibilities are complex and she says she has a role to 61 in this system. She works to help people make good choices, 62 when they are young. She recognizes the power of peer pressure that children face. She 63 the strong “no-snitching” (禁止告密) culture among young people that can block needed intervention. To 64 this disturbing and worrying situation, Webb-McRae 65 an Annual Back to School Initiative. After just six years in 66 , the program now involves 40 schools. Earlier this year, Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series. She thinks everyone has a right to 67 the justice system is fair and just. “Our justice system certainly is not 68 , but I’m passionate about doing my little 69 to make it better. I believe in action and moving the ball forward.” Webb-McRac hopes her example will 70 girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams. 56．A．against B．besides C．but D．from 57．A．argued B．consulted C．made D．supported 58．A．First of all B．Early on C．At the same time D．Once in a while 59．A．caught B．blessed C．involved D．trapped 60．A．motive B．passion C．demand D．tolerance 61．A．bring B．direct C．take D．play 62．A．truly B．obviously C．especially D．certainly 63．A．acquires B．notes C．predicts D．follows 64．A．track B．battle C．seek D．question 65．A．instructed B．assumed C．programed D．launched 66．A．existence B．suggestion C．treatment D．expectation 67．A．figure out B．point out C．make sure D．make sense 68．A．complete B．persuasive C．perfect D．reliable 69．A．task B．part C．mission D．thing 70．A．teach B．inspire C．help D．attract Passage 4 （ 2022河北衡水二模 记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 41-45________________ 46-50________________ 51-55________________ There are two problems in the world: Garbage and poverty. Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a ___41___ for them. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. She is asking a ___42___ of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your ___43___ chip bags into the trash, donate them, so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the ___44___. Chip eaters drop off their empty bags at two locations in Detroit, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers ___45___ them. After they wash the chip bags, they cut them open, lay them ___46___, and iron them together. They use padding and liners from old coats to line the insides. It takes about four hours to ___47___ a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, ___48___ whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to ___49___.” Oleita said. Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800. 000 chip bags and created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be _____50_____ to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita — whose family _____51_____ to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life — and her fellow_____52_____. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but _____53_____,” she says. And, of course, there’s the symbolism of saving bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful _____54_____ that environmental injustice and _____55_____ often go hand in hand. As Oleita said, “I think it’s time to show connection between all of these issues.” 41．A．solution B．reason C．preference D．gift 42．A．question B．favour C．permission D．choice 43．A．dirty B．cheap C．empty D．new 44．A．injured B．old C．sick D．homeless 45．A．bury B．collect C．hunt D．buy 46．A．flat B．heavy C．careful D．straight 47．A．repair B．sew C．decorate D．design 48．A．working out B．leading to C．resulting in D．depending on 49．A．carry around B．take out C．go off D．put up 50．A．harder B．cleverer C．simpler D．slower 51．A．got B．fled C．moved D．flew 52．A．volunteers B．students C．workers D．friends 53．A．Economically B．personally C．environmentally D．privately 54．A．reporter B．editor C．educator D．reminder 55．A．society B．poverty C．politics D．Safety Passage 5（2021河北邯郸 夹叙夹议） 用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 41-45________________ 46-50________________ 51-55________________ I often think of the fall when Grandma got the chance to “be useful again”. Back then, my parents and I lived with my aged and ____41____ grandparents. All of us helped make the grandparents’ day-to-day lives as ____42____ as possible. But Grandma was gradually going blind and Grandpa suffered from the ____43____of two strokes (中风). Grandma’s nephew had rented a lunch stand on the fairgrounds and he would be staying in town with us during the week-long fair. Grandma was delighted to put up her ____44____, but the best was yet to come! Within a day or two, sandwiches at the stand sold like hotcakes. Since he opened early, the fair employees themselves bought their ____45____ there, keeping the man overly ____46____. Nearly ____47____ she may have been, but Grandma could do her part. I can see her now, ____48____for hours with sandwich fixings and several varieties of bread neatly ____49____on the clean table before her, carefully making piles sandwiches and then carefully ____50____them in waxed paper before putting them in dishtowel-lined paper boxes. After this week of busy and noisy activity was over, Grandma ____51____ decidedly, “That was the ____52____week I’ve had in years!” The ____53____that memory brings back to me is that we all long for a chance to be “____54____,” appreciated, and helpful as well. No matter what our ____55____, there’s usually a way to contribute and, as a reward, strengthen our self-images. 41．A．brave B．poor C．weak D．strange 42．A．special B．different C．imaginable D．comfortable 43．A．signs B．chances C．effects D．thoughts 44．A．child B．relative C．friend D．neighbor 45．A．breakfasts B．lunches C．dinners D．meals 46．A．careful B．occupied C．painful D．alarmed 47．A．sightless B．jobless C．hopeless D．aimless 48．A．resting B．waiting C．standing D．walking 49．A．fixed B．folded C．dropped D．arranged 50．A．wrapping B．hiding C．cleaning D．heating 51．A．argued B．denied C．stated D．added 52．A．worst B．best C．longest D．shortest 53．A．lesson B．trouble C．promise D．wish 54．A．wise B．lucky C．proud D．useful 55．A．impressions B．advantages C．judgments D．circumstances Passage 6 （2022山东济南二模 记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ Jess, a 12-year-old girl, lives in Mallacoota, a small town in Australia. She is one of many children having been through mental ____21____ and heartbreak in the New Year bushfires. She____22____the bushfires with fear. “I’ve never been so scared. The sky was turned to blood red, and the, embers (灰烬) were____23____ all around us. It was much worse than any____24____ film.” she said. Jess, along with her family, spent two terrifying days on the local boat where, residents stayed for____25____，and it was also a place where____26____could not be broken. Jess and her little companions planned to____27____their community garden and the house for chickens. One blessing for Mallacoota is that no one____28____their life during the disaster. Roads into and out of the town are beginning to reopen. Wandering alone among the houses____29____to the ground, Jess still managed to find a_____30_____ side and said at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore. In no time she and her companions_____31_____started to restore the community garden and even_____32_____a family of chickens to the new “home”, making something bad into something good. It’s a long road back to_____33_____life. But it is surely_____34_____ if we have the will. As Jess said, “My beloved hometown wills _____35_____again.” 21．A．disorder B．suffering C．growth D．training 22．A．recalled B．imagined C．observed D．controlled 23．A．escaping B．crowding C．flying D．running 24．A．scary B．artistic C．fancy D．silent 25．A．comfort B．peace C．treat D．safety 26．A．rules B．spirits C．habits D．promises 27．A．reserve B．design C．rebuild D．decorate 28．A．saved B．lost C．took D．changed 29．A．knocked B．blown C．exploded D．burnt 30．A．positive B．warm C．familiar D．correct 31．A．wisely B．luckily C．actively D．anxiously 32．A．returned B．welcomed C．forced D．contributed 33．A．simple B．common C．normal D．social 34．A．hopeful B．risk C．special D．tough 35．A．rest B．expand C．struggle D．shine Activity 3. Assess your progress by filling the blanks. ( Words and expressions: Part of speech transformation ： Sentences: Analysis of long difficult sentences & accumulation of the excellent sentences ) ( Reconstruction & Test ) 【Learning objectives】 1. Review how to do the cloze by rereading the passages and words and expressions as a whole. 2. Reconstruct all the related knowledge & information on the cloze with comments by the Test. 3. Share your own ways or understanding for doing the cloze with comments. Activity 4. Extensive Reading Read the following passage and finish them using about we have concluded. Passage 1 （2023·广东省质量检测 记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ It began in November 2016,when Hinton, then 17, got a text message from an ____21____number inviting him to Thanks giving. When he asked who it was, the person responded: “Your grandma.” “Grandma? Can I have your____22____?” the teenager replied. He received a photo of a woman he had never seen before. It was Dench, now 64. Hinton wrote back,“You’re not my grandma,”____23____a laughing face. Still playing along, he jokingly asked:“Can I still get a____24____though?” Dench replied:“Of course you can. That’s what grandmas do. Feed everyone.”Hinton soon realized her____25____invitation had turned ____26____, and he decided to take Dench up on her  ____27____. He went to her home in Mesa, Ariz., about a 25-minute drive from his house south of Phoenix, for a Thanks giving meal with her family,including her actual grandson, whom she____28____intended to text instead of Hinton. Every year since then, the two friends and their families have gathered together for an annual Thanksgiving meal, and this year will be no____29____,despite the virus. Hinton, who shares regular____30____on social media about his Internet-famous friendship with Dench,____31____that the Thanksgiving tradition will ____32____this year, as well. Although Dench was____33____about the misdirected text in 2016 at first, she said, both she and Hinton feel very____34____that it happened.“Family is more than____35____ ,” Dench said.“It’s the people you want to be with.” 21．A．unusual B．unknown C．unlucky D．official 22．A．picture B．name C．address D．number 23．A．drawing B．demanding C．misusing D．adding 24．A．plate B．message C．smile D．hand 25．A．regular B．generous C．annual D．mistaken 26．A．interesting B．formal C．genuine D．natural 27．A．promise B．tradition C．offer D．help 28．A．evidently B．plainly C．seemingly D．initially 29．A．answer B．exception C．surprise D．time 30．A．updates B．jobs C．stories D．dialogues 31．A．explained B．realized C．confirmed D．learned 32．A．live on B．come back C．stand out D．catch on 33．A．anxious B．embarrassed C．disappointed D．curious 34．A．proud B．thankful C．moved D．convinced 35．A．company B．care C．support D．blood Passage 2 （2023·安徽·高三专题练习 记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 1-25________________ 6-10________________ 11-15________________ My name is Maggie and I am a big red maple tree in the center of Central Park in New York. Every part of me is___1___shaped. I love seeing all the people___2___, stare at me, and say “That tree is beautiful!” Those___3___make me feel special. One day, I see a big storm___4___my way. I can hear all the frightening sounds nearing, but the most frightening one is the sound of almost half of my bark being torn off. I feel___5___. What will people think when they walk up to a worn-down tree in the___6___of Central Park? Will they cut me down? This thought makes my branches ache. Hours later, when the storm___7___, a nice opossum (负鼠) family comes to me and asks___8___they can spend the night in one of my holes. The baby opossum is so cute that I can’t___9___. Soon, round two of the storm comes. It____10____another part of my bark, but it doesn’t____11____me as much because I have a distraction (分散注意力的事物): the opossum family. Other animals see my____12____act and come to me, too. Even though I feel great for____13____all the animals, I still haven’t completely forgotten about what people might think about my____14____. Beyond all expectations, people love me even more for sheltering all those animals from the terrible storm. I will forever____15____that “beautiful” doesn’t always refer to looks. 1．A．perfectly B．similarly C．oddly D．randomly 2．A．wait B．stop C．hesitate D．debate 3．A．noises B．trees C．names D．words 4．A．heading B．choosing C．exploring D．seeking 5．A．angry B．anxious C．doubtful D．wonderful 6．A．front B．corner C．middle D．back 7．A．blows up B．dies down C．moves in D．draws near 8．A．if B．how C．why D．when 9．A．decide B．stand C．refuse D．move 10．A．picks out B．looks for C．falls into D．tears off 11．A．block B．bother C．dislike D．disappoint 12．A．friendly B．voluntary C．foolish D．public 13．A．feeding B．recognizing C．warning D．protecting 14．A．duties B．worries C．looks D．hopes 15．A．regret B．wish C．argue D．remember Passage 3（2023·河北省衡水中学高三 记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ Baby Miloszek was born with a heart defect. His condition is too ___21___ to be treated in Poland, but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case. ___22___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front, a sum the family simply could not ___23___. That’s when Maria Andrejczyk ___24___ in to help ! Just a week after ___25___ her first Olympic medal ever and returning from Japan, Maria posted a ___26___ on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery. Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___27___ the medal for $125,000, which was more than Maria had ___28___ to get. Not only that, but when her ___29___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser. Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ____30____ Miloszek’s trip to America! And the ____31____ doesn’t end there. Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ____32____ after all! “We were very touched by the extremely ____33____ gesture of our Olympian, so we decided to support the ____34____ for Miloszek,” the company wrote. “We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria! We are glad that we were able to ____35____.” 21．A．particular B．optimistic C．serious D．common 22．A．Undoubtedly B．Unfortunately C．Additionally D．Absolutely 23．A．expect B．permit C．ensure D．afford 24．A．crowded B．turned C．brought D．stepped 25．A．earning B．declaring C．battling D．defeating 26．A．parcel B．message C．card D．list 27．A．sold B．returned C．purchased D．saved 28．A．expected B．needed C．accepted D．commanded 29．A．health B．dream C．heart D．story 30．A．transport B．provide C．cover D．cost 31．A．kindness B．news C．sympathy D．gratitude 32．A．secret B．reputation C．money D．medal 33．A．flexible B．noble C．gentle D．awkward 34．A．recovery B．request C．fundraiser D．award 35．A．contribute B．present C．fight D．change Passage 4（2023·山东省百校联盟大联考记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ Despite an age gap of 80 years, a 13-year-old girl and a care home resident in Luton have become firm friends after becoming penpals during lockdown. It ____21____ a lot to 93-year-old Madge, who now lives at a care home, ____22____ by the charity Friends of the Elderly. Madge is ____23____ children as she comes from a big family. But it’s been ____24____ for her to see relatives recently for the pandemic. So when the opportunity ____25____ to become penpals with a 13-year-old girl, she was only too ____26____ to take part. Her penpal is Ella, whose family are in Luton. Before Covid-19, Ella would always be involved in the voluntary activities at the care home. ____27____, Covid-19 made it impossible for her to do that as usual. ____28____ about the people there, she felt an urge to do something. One day, it ____29____ Ella that she could write to the care home resident. That’s how they became penpals. Madge said, “I’ve got all her ____30____ here. I think that’s so nice for her to bother to write to me who is so ____31____ now.” It’s helped Madge feel ____32____ the outside world. And Ella also has got a lot from the experience. ____33____, when it’s safe, these two will meet in person. Age is just a ____34____ between friends. Despite the great difference in age, the letters ____35____ the gap between them. 21．A．meant B．took C．saved D．needed 22．A．found B．consulted C．sponsored D．served 23．A．fond of B．afraid of C．strict with D．tired of 24．A．necessary B．possible C．accessible D．difficult 25．A．came up B．came out C．put up D．picked up 26．A．surprised B．delighted C．reluctant D．hesitant 27．A．However B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．Moreover 28．A．Confused B．Concerned C．Curious D．Crazy 29．A．happened B．occurred C．beat D．struck 30．A．gifts B．messages C．letters D．calls 31．A．ancient B．funny C．energetic D．serious 32．A．accustomed to B．isolated from C．interested in D．connected with 33．A．Initially B．Thankfully C．Hopefully D．Previously 34．A．gap B．accelerator C．number D．obstacle 35．A．left B．bridged C．widened D．identified Passage 5（2023·安徽省皖北五校 记叙文）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ Angela’s amputee(被截肢者) soccer team has inspired a nation still recovering from a 27-year war. Each night; just after the red sun___21___into the Atlantic, a constant clicking___22___could be heard within the dos Coqueiros Stadium, which came from metal sticks, an indication that training had___23___for Angola’s world champion men’s amputee soccer team. Of the 15 players on the team,12 are amputees due to a landmine.___24___in sports was considered a way to give amputees an outlet from their___25___life. In 2018, Angola edged out Turkey 5-4 to___26___the Amputee Football World Cup in Mexico,___27___inspiring the young nation, For the past four years, they have held the___28___as the best team on the planet. Now, they are competing at the 2022 Amputee Football World Cup in Turkey, which ___29___-24 teams, including countries with players wounded in armed____30____, such as Iraq and Syria. Over the weekend, Angola won its first three matches and now____31____to the second round. Hilario, team captain, says,“ Though I hope to return again with a gold____32____on my chest, it won’t be easy as there are lots of very____33____teams coming to Turkey with the goal to____34____Angola.Having the opportunity to contribute to our national team and to grow the____35____of the sport, I’d like to help the team win more championships and honor the nation.” 21．A．burned B．arose C．disappeared D．flew 22．A．sound B．speed C．link D．mouse 23．A．approached B．started C．suspended D．stopped 24．A．AppreciationB．Preservation C．Independence D．Involvement 25．A．free B．pleasant C．sad D．boring 26．A．afford B．win C．defeat D．miss 27．A．toughly B．unluckily C．enormously D．rarely 28．A．title B．dream C．vision D．authority 29．A．features B．awards C．generates D．sustains 30．A．protest B．conflict C．drill D．eruption 31．A．peaks B．restores C．wanders. D．advances 32．A．medal B．cup C．cap D．star 33．A．powerless B．second-rate C．strong D．unknown 34．A．break down B．knock off C．appeal to D．drop out 35．A．issue B．facility C．variety D．Profile Passage 6（2022年山东临沂三模 夹叙夹议）用时_______________得分_____________ Answers: 21-25________________ 26-30________________ 31-35________________ For many years, I was so wrapped up in my kids and my family that I ignored how I looked. The words “ 21 maintenance” described my approach to beauty perfectly. It wasn’t until recently, when I had my picture taken for a work ID, that I 22 the “Youth Train” had left the station, and I was no longer on it. The woman in the ID picture looked 23 and definitely middle-aged. For a few days, I was a little 24 by the fact that I was no longer the sweet, young thing I thought I was. For those few days, I tried a little harder to 25 younger, brighter and tighter. I 26 with my hair and added extra eyeliner. I thought I was 27 in my seeking for a youthful glow until one of my new co-workers 28 asked me a question that told me I was 29 only myself. “I don’t suppose you know what beauty is, do you?” she asked. That simple question opened my weary eyes once and for all. My family 30 me not for my no-longer-shiny hair but because the 31 I’m playing, that is my husband’s wife and my kids’ mom. Someone once said that 32 is the first gift given and the first one taken away. I agree but only when it comes to 33 beauty. When it comes to staying young, a mind-lift 34 a face-lift any day. The 35__ beauty, the stuff inside that all of us have, lasts a lifetime. 21．A．delicate B．constant C．slight D．low 22．A．realized B．recognized C．acknowledged D．recommended 23．A．energetic B．cautious C．enthusiastic D．tired 24．A．confused B．interested C．bothered D．desired 25．A．act B．dress C．behave D．pretend 26．A．tied up B．cut away C．took turns D．took pains 27．A．sending B．turning C．succeeding D．bringing 28．A．casually B．temporarily C．briefly D．improperly 29．A．teaching B．fooling C．decorating D．enjoying 30．A．loves B．helps C．changes D．shapes 31．A．trick B．role C．joke D．game 32．A．relief B．belief C．power D．beauty 33．A．inner B．natural C．outside D．moral 34．A．beats B．meets C．warms D．restricts 35．A．behavioral B．genuine C．physical D．biological Activity 5. Write down your harvest. ( 你的收获： ) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高三英语大单元整体学习学程 Cloze 答案解析 Overall Construction Activity 1 高考题构建 No1 【2023·新高考I卷】 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．B 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。 2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。 15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。 No2 【2023·新高考II卷】 16．B 17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。 16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A. turn转折点；B. budget预算；C. schedule时间表；D. connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for ___2___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A. food食物；B. shelter庇护；C. medicine药；D. transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___1___ .”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。 A. desperately非常、拼命地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. secretly秘密地；D. originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A. confused困惑的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. hard困难的；B. fine好的；C. common常见的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a ___9___ and trust that everything would ___10___ .”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. coworker合作者；B. passenger乘客；C. stranger陌生人；D. neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C。 25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. speed up加速；B. work out解决；C. come back回来；D. take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___8___ for him,”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B. follow跟随；C. change改变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. unavoidable不可避免的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A. returned返回；B. fought打仗；C. flew飞；D. agreed同意。根据“It just ___4___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___5___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州。故选C。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的；B. generous慷慨的；C. proud骄傲的；D. sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A。 No3【2023·全国甲卷】 1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．C 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．A 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的邻居马里奥给作者一家送了一个盒子，盒子里是自己种的西红柿和酿的酒，刚开始作者一家因为西红柿畸形的外表，和酒的浑浊感到不是很好，但是尝试过后，发现比超市的好，让作者明白仅仅以外表来判断食物是否好吃是不明智的。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. waited等待；B. met遇见；C. camped露营；D. stayed暂住。根据前文“Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.”可知，作者在当地买了房子，所以是第一次住在那里。故选D项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们第一次住在那里的时候，我们听到了一辆摩托车从山上向我们开过来的嘎吱嘎吱的声音。A. making使；让；B. searching搜索；C. squeezing挤压；D. feeling感觉。根据后文“coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，摩托车是开过来给我们送东西的，所以make one’s way复合语境，为固定搭配，意为“前往”。故选A项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. customer顾客；B. neighbor邻居；C. relative亲戚；D. passenger乘客。根据前文“we heard the chug chug-chug of a motorbike 　　2　　 its way down the hill toward us.”以及最后一句“What Mario had 　　20　　　us was the taste of the Garfagnana”可知，马里奥是从山上下来的，送来了当地的食物，可推测是作者的邻居。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是邻居马里奥，他给我们带来了一个盒子，里面装着一些西红柿和一瓶酒。A. lend借出；B. send发送；C. bring带来；D. show展示。根据后文“It was a very nice 　　　5　　　 for him to make.”可知，马里奥很友好，所以是给作者一家带来一个盒子。故选C项。 5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他这么做真是太好了。A. choice选择；B. comment议论；C. promise诺言；D. gesture姿态。根据前文“coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，马里奥给作者一家带来一盒子的西红柿和酒，所以是好的姿态。故选D项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. worried担心的；B. moved感动的；C. thrilled兴奋的；D. bored感到厌倦的。根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知，西红柿是畸形的，所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。故选A项。 7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当我们看着那些西红柿时，我们是担心的，因为它们是非常畸形的：一点也不像你在超市里买到的那种漂亮的、圆的、闪亮的样子。A. simple简单的；B. real真实的；C. shiny闪亮的；D. fun有趣的。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round”可知，空处是在形容超市里的西红柿，和前文的“nice, round”并列，结合选项，应是“shiny闪亮的”符合实际。故选C项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们想，这些肯定不好。A. more更多的；B. good好的；C. new新的；D. easy容易的。根据前文“But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 　　6　　　　 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 　　7　　　　 things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it.”可知，马里奥带来的西红柿和酒都不好，因此作者一家认为这些都不可能好。故选B项。 9．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. sympathetic to同情；B. thankful for对……表示感谢；C. cautious about谨慎对待；D. interested in对……感兴趣。根据前文“It was 　　　3　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，西红柿和酒是邻居送的，所以应该是很感谢他。故选B项。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们很感谢他的好意，所以我们试了试。A. tried尝试；B. sold出售；C. returned回来；D. mixed混合。根据后文“Those tomatoes had 　　　13　　　 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child.”可知，马里奥送的西红柿让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，所以推知，他们是尝试了。故选A项。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. unnecessary不需要的；B. uncertain无把握；C. unwise不明智的；D. unusual特别的。结合前后文，可知，作者一家刚开始看到马里奥送的西红柿是畸形的，对其感到担心，但是后来发现，它的味道，比超市的西红柿要好，所以此处应是根据外观来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。故选C项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们发现，仅仅以外表来判断你的吃的东西是否好吃是不明智的。A. appearance外观；B. quality质量；C. origin源头；D. price价格。根据前文“we were 　　　6　　　 because they were so misshapen”可知，此处应是通过外观来评判。故选A项。 13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些西红柿的味道让我想起了我小时候叔叔种的西红柿。A. size尺寸；B. shape形状；C. color颜色；D. taste味道。根据后文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　14　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，此处应是用马里奥送的西红柿和超市的西红柿作对比，马里奥送的西红柿外观差，但是味道好，让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿。故选D项。 14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在超市里的西红柿看起来很好，但味道像水。A. smell闻起来；B. look看起来；C. become变成；D. work工作。根据前文“not at all like the nice, round, 　　　7　　　 things you get in a supermarket.”可知，超市的西红柿看起来很完美。故选B项。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有人会对那些有快乐的记忆。A. happy快乐的；B. vivid清晰的；C. short短的；D. vague模糊的。根据前文“Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 　　　14　　　 perfect but taste of water.”可知，超市的西红柿，看起来很好，但是吃起来像水，因此没有将会有快乐的记忆。故选A项。 16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他们没有设法种植方形的，这样他们就可以方便地包装它们。A. clean打扫；B. check检查；C. count计数；D. pack打包。根据前文“It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones”结合实际，可知方形的易包装。故选D项。 17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的。A. perfect完美的；B. useful有用的；C. convenient便利的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据前文“Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle”以及空前的but可知，此处表转折，结合选项，此处应是“马里奥的酒可能是混浊的，而且是从一个旧瓶子里出来的，但它是完美的”之意，符合实际。故选A项。 18．考查介词短语辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，并且尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. on view在展出；B. on sale出售；C. in season当令的；D. in need困难中的。根据前文“It’s good to eat things at the correct time”可知，在合适的时间，也就是食物应季，当令的时候吃该食物口感是最好的。故选C项。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在合适的时间，当它们是应季的时候，尽可能靠近它们生长的地方，吃东西是好的。A. finished完成；B. stored贮存；C. found找到；D. grown成长。根据前文“It’s good to eat things”以及“as close as possible to where”可知，此处在讲在合适的时间吃东西是好的，根据where推断涉及地点，结合实际，应是在靠近它们生长的地方，摘下来吃，能保持新鲜，是好的，符合题意。故选D项。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里奥给我们的是Garfagnana的味道。A. cooked烹饪；B. given给；C. bought买；D. told告诉。根据前文“It was 　　　3　　　 called Mario, coming to 　　　4　　　 us a box containing some tormatoes and a bottle of wine.”可知，应该是马里奥给作者一家的。故选B项。 No4 【2023·全国乙卷】 21．D 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．B 26．B 27．D 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．C 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，去离家1200英里的地方，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终在教练的训练下，Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切。A. tried尝试；B. thought思考；C. judged判断；D. knew知道、熟悉。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“1,200 miles away from home”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas放弃她最熟悉的一切，来到一个陌生的地方，故选D。 22．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不得不整理好她在弗吉尼亚的卧室。A. take up从事；B. pack up整理、收拾行李；C. clean up清理；D. do up装修。由上文“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”和下文“her bedroom in Virginia”可知，整理好她的卧室，准备离开这里，故选B。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. goodbye再见；B. hello你好；C. thanks感谢；D. no没有、否定的回答。由上“Gabby Douglas had to leave everything”可知，Gabby Douglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见，故选A。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜欢在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。A. cause引起；B. observe观察；C. ride骑、漂浮；D. strike打击。由下文“waves on her board.”可知，此处表示冲浪，ride the waves意为“冲浪”，故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. common平民、普通；B. time时间；C. fun乐趣；D. tough暴徒。由下文“to take the leap (飞跃)”可知，虽然离开自己所熟悉的一切很难，但是是时候该迈出这一步了，故选B。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。A. breathtaking激动人心的；B. heartbreaking令人心碎的、令人伤心的；C. eye-catching引人注目的；D. head-spinning头晕的。上文提到的Gabby Douglas不得不放弃她最熟悉的一切可知，放弃自己所熟悉的一切是令人伤心，故选B。 27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。A. dropped out退出；B. moved on继续；C. pulled over靠边停车；D. went off离开。由下文“about 1,200 miles away from home,”可知，Gabby Douglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方，故选D。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一位来自中国的教练一起训练。A. reason推理；B. talk谈话；C. compete竞争；D. train培训。由上文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event”和下文“with a coach from China”可知，为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，Gabby Douglas离开家，由此可知，她来到这里是为了和一位来自中国的教练一起训练，故选D。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。A. met遇到、见过；B. helped帮助；C. understood理解；D. needed需要。由下文“everything was new to her.”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，故选A。 30．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. approximately大约；B.gradually逐渐地；C. exactly准确地、完全；D. possibly可能地。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Gabby Douglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，由此可知，Gabby Douglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切，故选C。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所需要做的一切。A. defeated打败；B. pleased使高兴；C. respected尊敬；D. assisted帮助。由上文“what she needed to do to become Olympic champion”和下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，成为了奥运冠军，故选A。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. forced强迫；B. transformed转换、改造；C. persuaded劝说；D. put放。由下文“Douglas into one of the best gymnasts”可知，这位中国教练让Douglas变成世界上最好的体操运动员之一，transform...into固定搭配，意为“使……变成……”，故选B。 33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。A. world世界；B. city城市；C. team团队；D. state国家。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，所以说她是世界最好的体操运动员之一，故选A。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位中国教练让Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。 A. amateur业余爱好的；B. elected当选的；C. average平均的、普通的；D. enthusiastic热情的。由下文“member of the national team to the top of the sport”可知，这位中国教练帮助Douglas从国家队的普通队员一跃成为体操运动的顶尖选手。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过赢得奥运会全能冠军，她成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。A. clarifying 澄清；B. defending打败；C. winning赢得；D. demanding要求。由下文“the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.”可知，Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，故选C。 36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自始至终领先于竞争对手。A. followed跟随；B. organized组织；C. watched观看；D. led带领、领先。由下文“the competition from beginning to end”可知，比赛过程中，Douglas一直领先于竞争对手，故选D。 37．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说她一直坚信自己会赢。A. confident自信的、坚信的；B. nervous紧张的；C. excited兴奋的；D. uneasy不安的。由下文“all along that she would win.”可知，Douglas一直坚信自己会赢，故选A。 38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在不久前，女子国家队联络人Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。A. viewed看待；B. appeared出现；C. mattered重要；D. took需要。由下文“to be an Olympian”可知，此处表示Martha Karoly还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件，空处表示“需要”，故选D。 39．考查短语辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，她越来越相信自己能够在伦敦奥运会上获胜。A. now and then时不时地；B. more and more越来越多；C. far and wide广泛地；D. on and on不断地。由上文“As time went by”和下文“that she could make the London Games — and win.”可知，随着时间的推移，Douglas越来越相信自己能够赢得伦敦奥运会，故选B。 40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我准备好发光了”。A. shine照耀、发光；B. fly飞行；C. dance跳舞；D. score得分。由上文“I’m going to inspire so many people”和“And shine she did.”可知，Douglas认为自己将会激励很多人，即自己会发光，影响到很多人，故选A。 No.5【2024·1月浙江卷】 41-45 BDCAC 46-50 ADBAC 51-55 BDCAD  【详细解析】本篇完型讲了作者从塔克拉玛干沙漠坐火车的路上遇到了一个当地人，他是一个高速公路建设者，但是自己也在自学文学，作者对他的视野开阔，愿意和来自各个阶层的当地人互动等优良品质，感到由衷的钦佩。 第41题B 和一个当地人的精彩偶遇，偶遇用encounter.  第42题D 这个年轻的中国人主动和我搭讪，搭讪用approach.  第43题C 我这位刚刚认识的新朋友，用new friend.  第44题A 因为他不会说英语，所以我很开心地抓住这次机会来练习我的中文。  第45题C 他上了2年的职业技术学校，上学用attend school.  第46题A 根据第三段第一行，this highway builder 可知，他是一个高速公路建造者。 第47题D 更令人觉得非同寻常的是，这个年轻人，尽管他一天劳作，身心俱疲，但是他还是会花很多个小时晚上读书。非同寻常的，用remarkable. 第48题B 他会引用一段已经翻译好的艾默生的文章来问美国作家们产生了怎样的文学影响。引用用quote.   第49题A 艾默生是一位美国作家，所以是American writers.  第50题C 除了问艾默生，我还记得这位新朋友还问了我“你们都学了俄国作家啥？”记得用recall. 第51题B 我相信，作为读者朋友的你，很容易依赖我之前做出的假设，即这位高速公路建设者没有出过远门，（从而对我的新朋友做出负面的评判）。   第52题D 这里的self-educated 要呼应上面一段第三行的this man spent hours studying every day. 即他是自学者。应该是self-educated. 第53题C 在接下来好几个小时，他向我展示了一个人能够从旅行中获得很多东西，如果你带着一颗开放的心灵，一个愿意和来自各个阶层的当地人互动的心灵。 第54题A 见上题解析，旅行用travelling. 第55题D 与当地人互动，用engage with.  Application & Transfer Activity 2 Passage 1【2022·新高考I卷】 41 CADCB 46 ADBAC 51 ADCDB 【解析】人与自我 做人与做事 露营经历 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和家人在旅行过程中经历过的趣事与冒险，并且作者和家人都十分期待即将经历的冒险。 【41题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A. ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。 【42题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. surprised惊讶的C. disappointed失望的；D. worried担心的。根据下文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”可推知，此处指作者担心自己的孩子会掉进小溪里，所以才在他的腰上系了一根绳子。故选D。 【44题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。 【45题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：所以我没有把他绑起来，而是密切关注着他。A. due to由于；B. instead of代替、而不是；C. apart from除了；D. as for至于。根据上文“He was uncomfortable, and his crying let the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I just kept a close eye on him”可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以作者放弃在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它起作用了，他最终没有掉进小溪里。A. worked起作用；B. happened发生；C. mattered事关紧要；D. changed改变。根据下文“he didn’t end up in the creek.”可推知，此处指作者的密切关注起作用了，孩子没有掉进小溪里。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。 【48题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的旅行被迫中断了。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. start启动；D. fix修理。根据下文“Nothing. He tried again.”以及“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫尝试将船启动。故选C。 【51题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有好运。A. luck好运；B. answer回答；C. wonder惊奇；D. signal信号。根据下文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指作者的丈夫再次尝试启动，也没有获得好运，船依然无法启动。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们安全了。A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助，作者和家人安全了。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. relief救济；B. duty职责；C. pride自豪；D. excitement兴奋。结合语境，再根据下文“wondering what camping fun”可推知，此处指作者期待接下来的露营，充满兴奋。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库里拉出来时，我们都会充满兴奋，想知道接下来我们会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险。A. failure失败；B. adventure冒险；C. performance表现；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of excitement, wondering what camping fun and”以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。故选B。 Passage 2【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了Jessica和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的事情。在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。 【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A. indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。故选D。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。 【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。A. safe安全的；B. busy忙碌的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. affordable买的起的。对应上文“It might sound like one long, expensive”指听起来昂贵，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们的旅行负担得起。故选D。 【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是共享经济新形式的一部分：在线看房者。A. local当地的；B. private私人的；C. sharing分享；D. agricultural农业的。根据后文“economy: an online group of house sitters”以及提到他们免费住在陌生人家里，可见是共享经济，故选C。 【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。 【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. plan计划；B. explain解释；C. compare比较；D. complete完成。根据宾语“their trips”指计划旅行，应用plan。故选A。 【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这两位旅行者仔细地计划他们的旅行，围绕着有时很难取悦的宠物安排他们的日子。A. buy购买；B. transport运输；C. choose选择；D. please取悦。根据上文“the pets that are sometimes difficult to”指某些宠物很难照管，故选D。 【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B. comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。 【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就像住在朋友家一样，”Jessica说。A. cooking烹饪；B. staying停留；C. waiting等待；D. studying学习。根据后文“at a friend’s house”指像呆在朋友家，应用stay at。故选B。 【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. success成功；B. survival存活；C. growth生长；D. unemployment失业。根据后文“rate in getting accepted as house sitters”可知此处指他们被接受为看房人的成功率，应用success。故选A。 【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，他们总是超出房主的预期。A. budget预算；B. abilities能力；C. expectations期待；D. understanding理解。上文提到这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，是因为他们总是超出房主的预期，所以成功率才高。故选C。 【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. admiring钦佩；B. donating捐赠；C. sending发送；D. borrowing借来。根据后文“plenty of pictures of happy pets”指给房主发送宠物的照片。故选C。 【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对杰西卡来说，这意味着发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房子之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物。A. clean干净的；B. open开放的；C. simple简单的；D. empty空的。根据上文可知，他们的职责就是照看房子，所以要保持房子的清洁。故选A。 【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你要让房主觉得他们做了正确的决定，”她说。A. guess猜测；B. decision决定；C. response反应；D. impression印象。是房主选择了他们当看房人，所以是房主做了正确的决定，故选B Words and expressions: 2022新高考Ⅰ 1.end up 最终，以...结束 2.be stuck in 被困于... 3.a sense of+n ...感 4.instead of 而不是 5.apart from 除了 6.as for 至于，关于 7.matter v. 是要紧的，是重要的 8.sign up 签约，注册 9.head off 启程，离开某地；拦截，阻止 10.interrupt 打断 11.record 将...记录下来 12.fix 修理，固定 13.relief 减轻，解除 14.duty 职责，责任 15.failure 失败 16.conflict 冲突 2022新高考Ⅱ 1.sharing economy 共享经济 2.schedule 时刻表 3.beyond 超越 4.procedure 步骤，程序 5.affordable 可负担的，付得起的 6.local 当地的 7.private 私人的，隐私的 8.agricultural 农业的 9.favor 好意，照顾，帮助 10.defense 防卫，防御 11.absence 缺席 12.survival 幸存 13.growth 成长 14.unemployment 失业，无业 15.budget 预算 16.expectation 期待 17.admire 钦佩，赞赏，羡慕 18.empty adj空的； v. 将某物弄空 19.response 回应，答复 20.guess 猜测，估计，推测 Sentences答案 1.（来自2022新高考Ⅰ） （1）① when ②what （2）现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车从车库中开出来时，我们都兴奋不已，不知道接下来我们将会经历什么样的露营乐趣和冒险旅程。 解析：本句中，when引导定语从句，修饰先行词every year；what引导宾语从句，作wondering 的宾语，宾语从句用陈述语序。 2.（来自2022全国乙卷） （1）①exciting ②to be seen （2）对他们来说，逃离别人的视线、让自己不被看到是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。 解析：本句中，there is something + adj + about sb./sth. 句式表示“某人/某事物有点......”。 3.（来自2022全国乙卷） （1）① that ②what （2）大量实验排除了孩子们误解被提问内容的可能性。 解析：本句主语是A number of experiments，ruled out 为谓语，that引导第一层宾语从句，此宾语从句当中又包含一个由what引导的含被动语态的第二层宾语从句。 Passage 3 （2023山师附中高三6月模拟） 56．C 57．A 58．B 59．C 60．B 61．D 62．C 63．B 64．B 65．D 66．A 67．C 68．C 69．B 70．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer Webb-McRae在新泽西州长大，并在那里获得了法律学位，毕业后她发现自己对刑法很感兴趣，并决定为此工作。 56．考查介词词义辨析。句意：她长大后，除了当律师，再也不想做别的事了，那是因为她的家人让她有了这个想法。A. against反对；B. besides除了……还有；C. but除了……不；D. from来自。根据上文“Webb-McRae was raised in New Jersey and received her law degree there. (韦伯-麦克雷在新泽西州长大，并在那里获得了法律学位)”可知，指她只想当律师，表示“除了……没有”应用but。故选C。 57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们过去常说她每一个观点都争论，所以她应该长大成为一名律师。A. argued争论；B. consulted咨询；C. made制作；D. supported支持。根据后文“so she should grow up and be a lawyer”和常识可知，律师会对每一个观点辩论，因此认为她长大应该当律师是因为她会争论每一个观点，故选A。 58．考查固定短语辨析。句意：早些时候，韦伯-麦克雷对家庭法很感兴趣，所以她为一位涉及该领域的法官做书记员。A. First of all首先；B. Early on在早期；C. At the same time同时；D. Once in a while偶尔。根据后文“Later, she got a chance to work with the juvenile (未成年) justice system.(后来，她有机会在少年司法系统工作)”可知，此处是她毕业后早期的职业生涯。故选B。 59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：早些时候，韦伯-麦克雷对家庭法很感兴趣，所以她为一位涉及该领域的法官做书记员。A. caught抓住；B. blessed祝福；C. involved涉及；D. trapped被困。根据后文“in that field”指一位涉及该领域的法官，短语为involved in表示“参与”。故选C。 60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，她发现自己对刑法很感兴趣，并决定为此工作。A. motive 动机；B. passion激情；C. demand要求；D. tolerance忍受。根据后文“for criminal law and decided to work for that”可知，她发现自己对刑法很感兴趣，并决定为此工作。故选B。 61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的职责很复杂，她说自己在这个体系中可以发挥作用。A. bring带来；B. direct指导；C. take带走；D. play发挥（作用）。根据后文“She works to help people make good choices, especially when they are young.(她致力于帮助人们做出正确的选择，尤其是当他们年轻的时候)”可知，她说自己在这个体系中可以发挥作用。短语play a role in表示“发挥作用”。故选D。 62．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她致力于帮助人们做出正确的选择，尤其是当他们年轻的时候。A. truly真地；B. obviously显然；C. especially特别；D. certainly当然。根据后文“when they are young”可知，她致力于帮助人们做出正确的选择，尤其是年轻人需要她帮助做出正确的选择。故选C。 63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她指出，年轻人中强烈的“不告密”文化可能会阻碍必要的干预。A. acquires获得；B. notes指出；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随。根据后文“the strong “no-snitching” culture among young people that can block needed intervention”可知，年轻人中强烈的“不告密”文化可能会阻碍必要的干预是她强调指出的。故选B。 64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了阻止这种令人不安和担忧的情况，韦伯-麦克雷发起了一项年度返校倡议。A. track跟踪；B. battle战斗，阻止；C. seek寻找；D. question问题。根据后文“this disturbing and worrying situation”以及她发起倡议可知，发起倡议是为了应对这种令人不安和担忧的情况，battle表示“阻止”最符合语境，故选B。 65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了阻止这种令人不安和担忧的情况，韦伯-麦克雷发起了一项年度返校倡议。A. instructed指示；B. assumed认为；C. programed编程；D. launched启动。根据前文“She 　8　　　the strong “no-snitching” (禁止告密) culture among young people that can block needed intervention.”和后文“an Annual Back to School Initiative”可知，年度返校倡议是她发起的，应用动词launch。故选D。 66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过短短6年的发展，该项目现已涉及40所学校。A. existence存在；B. suggestion建议；C. treatment治疗；D. expectation期待。根据后文“the program now involves 40 schools”可知，这个倡议存在了6年，现已涉及40所学校。故选A。 67．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她认为每个人都有权利确保司法系统是公平公正的。A. figure out弄清楚；B. point out指出；C. make sure确保；D. make sense有意义。根据上文“Earlier this year, Webb-McRae also started a community engagement series.(今年早些时候，韦伯-麦克雷还启动了一个社区参与系列活动)”以及后文“the justice system is fair and just”可知，Webb-McRae启动了一个社区参与系列活动，是因为她认为每个人有权利确保司法系统是公平公正的。故选C。 68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的司法系统当然不完美，但我热衷于尽我的绵薄之力让它变得更好。A. complete完全的；B. persuasive有说服力的；C. perfect完美的；D. reliable可靠的。根据后文“make it better”可知，司法系统并不完美，故选C。 69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的司法系统当然不完美，但我热衷于尽我的绵薄之力让它变得更好。A. task任务；B. part部分；C. mission任务；D. thing事情。根据上文“I’m passionate about doing my little”可知，Webb-McRae想要尽自己的一份力让司法系统变得更好，do one’s part表示“尽自己的责任”。故选B。 70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：韦伯-麦克拉克希望她的榜样能激励新泽西的女孩们去追求自己的梦想。A. teach教；B. inspire鼓舞；C. help帮助；D. attract吸引。根据后文“girls in New Jersey to pursue their dreams”可知，韦伯-麦克拉克希望她的榜样能激励新泽西的女孩们去追求自己的梦想。故选B。 Passage 4 【2022河北衡水二模】 41．A    42．B    43．C    44．D    45．B    46．A    47．B    48．D    49．A    50．C    51．C    52．A    53．C    54．D    55．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Eradajere Oleta用空的薯片袋子为无家可归的人缝制睡袋的故事。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Eradajere Oleita认为，她可能可以解决这两个问题。A. solution解决办法；B. reason理由；C. preference偏爱；D. gift礼物。根据上文“There are two problems in the world: Garbage and poverty.(世界上有两个主要问题。)，”可知，此处是指她有了对这两个问题的解决办法。故选A项。 42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她正在请求当地的零食爱好者支持。A. question问题；B. favour支持；C. permission允许；D. choice选择。根据下文的“Rather than throw your 　　3　　 chip bags into the trash, donate them (不要把空的薯片袋扔进垃圾箱，捐赠它们) ”可知，她正在请求当地的零食爱好者支持。故选B项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要把空的薯片袋扔进垃圾箱，捐赠它们，这样她就可以把它们转变成无家可归的人的睡袋。A. dirty脏的；B. cheap便宜的；C. empty空的；D. new新的。根据下文“so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the 　　4　　.”可知她要为无家可归的人做睡袋，所以只需要空的薯片袋。且下文“Chip eaters drop off their empty bags at two locations in Detroit”也是提示。故选C项。 44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不要把空的薯片袋扔进垃圾箱，捐赠它们，这样她就可以把它们转变成无家可归的人的睡袋。A. injured受伤的；B. old老的；C. sick生病的；D. homeless无家可归的。根据常识可知，无家可归的人没有家，才需要睡袋睡觉。且最后一段的“using them to help the homeless”也是提示。故选D项。 45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：吃薯片的人把空袋子放在底特律的两个地方，在那里Oleita和她的志愿者助手们收集它们。A. bury埋葬；B. collect收集；C. hunt狩猎；D. buy买。根据上文的“Chip eaters drop off their empty bags at two locations in Detroit”让吃薯片的人把这些袋子放在这两个地方，可知是为了在那里收集它们。故选B项。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：用水洗过之后，把它们裁开，平放，然后熨烫在一起。A. flat平的；B. heavy重的；C. careful小心的；D. straight直的。根据下文的“iron them together”可知最后要熨烫在一起，所以要先把它们放平整，才能熨烫在一起。故选A项。 47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：缝一个睡袋大约需要4个小时，每个睡袋大约需要用150到300个薯片袋，这取决于它们是单用的还是家庭款的。A. repair修理；B. sew缝；C. decorate装饰；D. design设计。根据下文“each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags ”可知要用150 到 300个薯片袋制作睡袋，所以要对准备好的材料进行缝制。故选B项。 48．考查动词短语辨析。句意：缝一个睡袋大约需要4个小时，每个睡袋大约需要用150到300个薯片袋，这取决于它们是单用的还是家庭款的。A. working out解决；B. leading to导致；C. resulting in导致；D. depending on取决于。根据上文的“ each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags ” 每个睡袋大约需要用150到300个薯片袋，可知，用多少个取决于它们是单用款的还是家庭款的。固定短语depend on（取决于），故选D项。 49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：其结果是一个“防水、轻便、易于携带”的睡袋。A. carry around随身携带；B. take out拿出；C. go off离开；D. put up搭起。因为是为无家可归的人制作的睡袋，所以要能够易于携带。故选A项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：的确，去攒钱买新的袋子更简单一些。A. harder更难的；B. cleverer更聪明的；C. simpler更简单的；D. slower更慢的。此处是指与回收薯片袋制作睡袋相比，攒钱买新的袋子更简单一些。故选C项。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望获得更好的生活——还有她的志愿者同伴们。A. got得到；B. fled逃走；C. moved搬家；D. flew飞。根据上文“Chip eaters drop off their empty bags at two locations in Detroit”可知现在她在美国，所以此处是指十年前从尼日利亚搬家到美国。故选C项。 52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的家人十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望获得更好的生活——还有她的志愿者同伴们。A. volunteers志愿者；B. students学生；C. workers工人；D. friends朋友。根据上文“where Oleita and her volunteer helpers 　　5　　 them.”可知她在美国一直是和志愿者们一起在做这项事业，所以她和志愿者同伴们都希望做这样事业以获得更好的生活。故选A项。 53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们的目标不仅是对社会有影响，而且对环境也要产生影响。A. economically经济地；B. personally个人地；C. environmentally环境地；D. privately私人地。根据上文的“There are two problems in the world: Garbage and poverty. Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a 　　1　　 for them.”她要解决世界的两个问题：垃圾和贫穷，其中垃圾就是环境问题，所以她的目标是对环境也要产生影响。故选C。 54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有力地提醒了人们，环境问题和贫困往往是密切相关的。A. reporter记者；B. editor编辑；C. educator教育工作者；D. reminder提醒。根据上文“there’s the symbolism of saving bags”可知节约袋子有着象征意义，它就在于可以提醒人们环境问题和贫困往往是密切相关的。故选D项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有力地提醒了人们，环境问题和贫困往往是密切相关的。A. society社会；B. poverty贫穷；C. politics政治；D. safety安全。根据上文“I think it’s time to show connection between all of these issues”可知这里的这些问题（these issues）就是指文章开头提到的两个问题：垃圾和贫穷。所以说环境问题和贫困密切相关，人们要时刻关注。故选B项。 Passage5【2021河北邯郸 夹议夹叙文】 41．C    42．D    43．C    44．B    45．A    46．B    47．A    48．C    49．D    50．A    51．C    52．B    53．A    54．D    55．D 【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。每个人都渴望做一个有用的、被人欣赏的、有帮助的人；每天被作者一家细心看护的奶奶在几乎失明的情况下，还能长时间帮助侄子赶制三明治，这一周尽管忙碌，却是奶奶多年来过的最好的一周，奶奶觉得自己再一次成为有用的人。 41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那时，我的父母和我住在年迈虚弱的祖父母家里。A. brave勇敢的；B. poor可怜的；C. weak虚弱的；D. strange奇怪的。根据下文“But Grandma was gradually going blind and Grandpa suffered from the 　　2　　　　of two strokes (中风). (但是奶奶渐渐失明了，爷爷遭受了两次中风的影响。)”可知，作者的爷爷奶奶身体不好。weak符合语境。故选C项。 42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们所有人都帮助爷爷奶奶使他们的日常生活尽可能舒适。A. special特殊的；B. different不同的；C. imaginable可想象的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据上文“Back then, my parents and I lived with my aged and 　　　1　　 grandparents. (那时，我的父母和我住在年迈虚弱的祖父母家里。)”可知，爷爷奶奶年迈体弱，家人住在一起照顾老人，使他们能生活得舒服一点。comfortable符合语境。故选D项。 43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是奶奶渐渐失明了，而爷爷遭受了两次中风的影响。A. signs标志；B. chances机会；C. effects影响；D. thoughts想法。根据句中的two strokes，可推测，爷爷患了两次中风了，深受其影响。effects符合语境，故选C项。 44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奶奶很高兴给她的亲戚提供住宿，但最好的还在后面呢！A. child孩子；B. relative亲戚；C. friend朋友；D. neighbor邻居。根据上句“Grandma’s nephew had rented a lunch stand on the fairgrounds and he would be staying in town with us during the week-long fair. (奶奶的侄子在集市上租了一个午餐摊，在为期一周的集市期间，他将和我们一起呆在城里。)”可知，奶奶的侄子来集市做生意，要来投宿两周。relative符合语境。故选B项。 45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为他开市早，集市的员工自己在那里买早餐，这让他忙得不可开交。A. breakfasts早餐；B. lunches午餐；C. dinners正餐；D. meals膳食。根据语境，奶奶的侄子在集市摆午餐摊，但是开市早，集市的员工都在他的摊位上买三明治当早餐。故选A项。 46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为他开市早，集市的员工自己在那里买早餐，这让他忙得不可开交。A. careful仔细的；B. occupied忙于；C. painful疼痛的；D. alarmed惊恐的。根据句意，集市的员工都在他的摊位上买三明治当早餐，以及上一句“Within a day or two, sandwiches at the stand sold like hotcakes. (一两天之内，小摊上的三明治卖得很好。)”可知，这个摊位的生意使得老板忙得不可开交。occupied符合语境。故选B项。 47．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然她几乎失明，但奶奶能尽她的一份力。A. sightless盲的，看不见的；B. jobless失业的；C. hopeless无望的；D. aimless无目的的。根据第一段最后一句“But Grandma was gradually going blind (但奶奶渐渐失明了)”可知，sightless符合语境。故选A项。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能想象到她站在那里好几个小时，面前干净的桌子上整齐地摆放着三明治配菜和各种面包，她仔细地做着成堆的三明治，然后小心地用蜡纸把它们包起来，再把它们放进衬着抹布的纸盒里。A. resting休息；B. waiting等候；C. standing站立；D. walking散步。根据上一句“Nearly 　　　8　　　　she may have been, but Grandma could do her part.(虽然她几乎失明，但奶奶能尽她的一份力。)”可知，奶奶没有闲着，站在桌边帮忙制作三明治。standing符合语境。故选C项。 49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能想象到她站在那里好几个小时，面前干净的桌子上整齐地排列着三明治配菜和各种面包，她仔细地做着成堆的三明治，然后小心地用蜡纸把它们包起来，再把它们放进衬着抹布的纸盒里。A. fixed修理；B. folded折叠；C. dropped投；D. arranged安排，排列。根据语境，几乎失明的奶奶在做三明治时，把所有的配料食材整齐地排列在桌上，才方便她制作三明治。arranged符合语境，故选D项。 50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我能想象到她站在那里好几个小时，面前干净的桌子上整齐地排列着三明治配菜和各种面包，她仔细地做着成堆的三明治，然后小心地用蜡纸把它们包起来，再把它们放进衬着抹布的纸盒里。A. wrapping包装；B. hiding隐藏；C. cleaning清洗；D. heating加热。根据句中“in waxed paper”可知，奶奶把三明治用蜡纸包了起来。故选A项。 51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一周的忙碌和喧闹的活动结束后，奶奶果断地说：“这是我多年来度过的最好的一周!”A. argued争论；B. denied否认；C. stated陈述；D. added 补充说。根据第一段的第一句“I often think of the fall when Grandma got the chance to ‘be useful again’. (我常常想起那个秋天，那时奶奶有机会‘再次成为有用的人’)”可知，帮忙做三明治，使奶奶很有成就感，觉得自己还能帮忙赶做三明治，奶奶对这一周的活动的总结性陈述。stated符合语境。故选C项。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我这么多年来度过的最好的一周！A. worst最差的；B. best最好的；C. longest最长的；D. shortest最短的。下文“The 　　　　13　　that memory brings back to me is that we all long for a chance to be ‘　　14　　　　,’ appreciated, and helpful as well. (这段记忆带给我的教训是，我们都渴望有机会成为“有用的”、被人欣赏的、有帮助的人。)”帮忙做三明治，使奶奶觉得自己尽管老了，但是还能帮上忙，很有成就感，感觉这几天过的最好。故选B项。 53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段记忆带给我的教训是，我们都渴望有机会成为“有用的”、被人欣赏的、有帮助的人。A. lesson经验，教训；B. trouble麻烦；C. promise承诺；D. wish希望。第一段“All of us helped make the grandparents’ day-to-day lives as 　　　2　　　　as possible. (我们所有人都帮助爷爷奶奶使他们的日常生活尽可能舒适。)”可知，一家人在生活上照顾着老人，使得奶奶觉得自己没有了各种能力，但是，奶奶经历了这一周的忙碌之后，自己觉得又变成了“有用的”人，这也是作者从奶奶的经历那里得到的间接的人生感悟。lesson符合语境，故选A项。 54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段记忆带给我的教训是，我们都渴望有机会成为“有用的”、被人欣赏的、有帮助的人。A. wise明智的；B. lucky幸运的；C. proud自豪的；D. useful有用的。根据第一段第一句“I often think of the fall when Grandma got the chance to ‘be useful again’. (我常常想起那个秋天，那时奶奶有机会‘再次成为有用的人’)”可知，useful为复现词，符合语境。故选D项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论我们的环境如何，通常都有一种方式来贡献，作为奖励，加强我们的自我形象。A. impressions印象；B. advantages优势；C. judgments判断；D. circumstances环境。根据上一句“The 　　　13　　　that memory brings back to me is that we all long for a chance to be ‘　　　14　　　,’ appreciated, and helpful as well. (这段记忆带给我的教训是，我们都渴望有机会成为‘有用的’、被人欣赏的、有帮助的人。)”可知，如果想成为“有用的人”，有帮助的人，无论在哪里，在什么样的环境中，都能找到实现这个想法的方式。circumstances符合语境，故选D项。 Passage 6 【2022山东济南二模】 21．B    22．A    23．C    24．A    25．D    26．B    27．C    28．B    29．D    30．A    31．C    32．B    33．C    34．A    35．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要从Jess的角度展现了火灾对其家乡的破坏和居民后续积极重建的态度的行动。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是许多经历过精神创伤的孩子之一；在新年的森林大火中遭受痛苦和心碎。A. disorder混乱；B. suffering痛苦；C. growth生长；D. training训练。表示主人公在森林大火中感到苦难和心碎应用名词suffering。故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她恐惧地回忆起森林大火。A. recalled回忆；B. imagined想象；C. observed观察；D. controlled控制。从前文可知，Jess已经被救出来了，所以她此时正在回忆森林火灾的内容，应用recall。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：天空变成了血红色，灰烬在我们周围飞舞。A. escaping逃走；B. crowding拥挤；C. flying飞翔；D. running奔跑。这里使用fly使用了拟人手法，展现灰烬的轻、多、随风飘荡。故选C。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这比任何恐怖电影都糟糕。A. scary可怕的；B. artistic艺术的；C. fancy时髦的；D. silent沉默的。从第二段第一句“with fear”可知，Jess对火灾是相当恐惧的，所以这里应该将火灾与恐怖电影（scary film）相比较，体现Jess对火灾的恐惧与后怕。故选A。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：居民们为了安全住在这里，这也是一个精神不能被摧毁的地方。A. comfort安慰；B. peace和平；C. treat享受；D. safety安全。从选项后面“and……could not be broken”可知，这边所填的内容应该和could not be broken有着相近的含义，也就是safety，表示“一艘当地居民为了安全而呆着的船”。故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：居民们为了安全住在这里，这也是一个精神不能被摧毁的地方。A. rules规则；B. spirits精神；C. habits习惯；D. promises承诺。前后联系，前文讲述的是身体安全，后面描述的应该是精神安全，所以应该选择spirits。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：杰西和她的小伙伴们计划重建他们的社区花园和养鸡的房子。A. reserve保留；B. design设计；C. rebuild重建；D. decorate装饰。从文章前文可知，火灾的后果是毁灭性的，所以这里她的伙伴计划的应该是重建。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马拉库塔的幸运之处在于没有人在这场灾难中丧生。A. saved拯救；B. lost失去；C. took带走；D. changed改变。从前文“one blessing”可知，这里讲述的应该是值得庆幸的方面，所以后面讲述的应该是无人死亡，也就是no one lost their life。故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：独自在被烧毁的房屋中徘徊。A. knocked敲击；B. blown吹；C. exploded爆炸；D. burnt燃烧。分析句子结构，这里的burnt是house的定语，表示被烧毁的房屋。故选D。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：杰西还是找到了积极的一面，说至少现在她不用再打扫卧室了。A. positive积极的；B. warm温暖的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. correct正确的。从后文“at least now she would not have to clean her bedroom anymore”可知，杰西在努力安慰自己“至少不用打扫卧室了”，也就是说，她在努力找出灾难带来的积极一面。故选A。 31．考查副词词义辨析。句意：她和她的同伴很快就开始积极地修复社区花园，甚至欢迎一群鸡来到新的“家”，使坏事变成好事。A. wisely明智地；B. luckily幸运地；C. actively积极地；D. anxiously焦虑地。这句话描述了她和她的朋友马不停蹄地开始恢复社区花园，由此可以推断她的行为态度是相当积极的，所以用actively更加合适。故选C。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和她的同伴很快就开始积极地修复社区花园，甚至欢迎一群鸡来到新的“家”，使坏事变成好事。A. returned返回；B. welcomed欢迎；C. forced迫使；D. contributed贡献。这一段一直在描述杰西的积极态度，所以这边的含义应该是杰西甚至欢迎小鸡家族来看看新家、苦中作乐。welcome…to…表示“欢迎……来到……”。故选B。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要恢复正常生活还有很长的路要走。A. simple简单的；B. common共同的；C. normal正常的；D. social社会的。back to提示这里表达的是回到……、恢复……。推断可知，整篇文章都在描述火灾带来的灾难和后续的重建，这里是总结了前面的内容，表示“恢复正常生活还有很长的路要走”。故选C。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但如果我们有意愿，它肯定是有希望的。A. hopeful有希望的；B. risk冒险；C. special特别的；D. tough艰难的。but提示前后的感情色彩是不同的，前文表示“恢复路漫漫”，那么but后应该展现的是一种积极的态度，也就是“有意志就有希望”，所以这里选择hopeful最为合适。故选A。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像杰西说的，“我心爱的家乡会再次发光。” A. rest休息；B. expand扩大；C. struggle奋斗；D. shine闪耀。整篇文章都展示了灾难后居民的积极态度，展示了居民对家乡的热爱与依恋，所以他们都在期待家乡重新闪耀的那一天。故选D。 Extension & Test 【Activity 4】Extensive Reading Passage 1 （2023·广东省质量检测 记叙文）21．B    22．A    23．D    24．A    25．D    26．C    27．C    28．D    29．B    30．A    31．C    32．A    33．B    34．B    35．D 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位老奶奶把本该发给自己孙子的信息错发给了一个名叫Hinton的少年，因这美丽的错误，Hinton与老奶家人结下了深刻的友谊。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这件事始于2016年11月，当时17岁的辛顿收到了一条未知号码的短信，邀请他参加感谢活动。A. unusual不寻常的；B. unknown未知；C. unlucky倒霉的；D. official公务的。根据下文“He received a photo of a woman he had never seen before.”可知，Hinton 收到一个陌生电话的短信。故选B。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：奶奶？能给我你的照片吗？A. picture图片；B. name名称；C. address地址；D. number数字。根据下文“He received a photo of a woman he had never seen before.”可知，Hinton希望收到对方的照片来确认对方的身份。故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：辛顿回信说，“你不是我的奶奶”，并配上一张笑脸。A. drawing画画；B. demanding要求；C. misusing误用；D. adding添加。根据下文“Still playing along, he jokingly asked”可知，为了避免尴尬，Hinton的回信中加了一个笑脸的表情。故选D。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他仍然在玩，开玩笑地问：“我能去吃饭吗？”A. plate盘子；B. message消息；C. smile微笑；D. hand手。根据下文“That’s what grandmas do. Feed everyone.”可知，Hinton问能不能去吃饭。此处get a plate意为“去吃饭”。故选A。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：辛顿很快意识到她的错误邀请变成了真挚的邀请，他决定接受丹奇的邀请。A. regular常规的；B. generous慷慨的；C. annual一年一度的；D. mistaken错的。根据上文“Still playing along, he jokingly asked: “Can I still get a　　4　　though? ””可知，Dench本来发错信息，后来她将错就错了。故选D。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：辛顿很快意识到她的错误邀请变成了真挚的邀请，他决定接受丹奇的邀请。A. interesting有趣的；B. formal正式的；C. genuine真正的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“and he decided to take Dench up on her 　　7　　”可知，Hinton感到Dench将错就错真的邀请他去吃饭。故选C。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：辛顿很快意识到她的错误邀请变成了真挚的邀请，他决定接受丹奇的邀请。A. promise承诺；B. tradition传统；C. offer主动提议；D. help帮助。根据“He went to her home in Mesa”可知，Hinton感到 Dench的邀约很诚恳，所以欣然接受她提出的邀约。故选C。 28．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他去了她在亚利桑那州梅萨的家，距离菲尼克斯以南的家大约25分钟车程，与她的家人一起吃了一顿感谢餐，包括她的实际孙子，她最初打算发短信给他，而不是Hinton。A. evidently显然是；B. plainly显然是；C. seemingly看起来是；D. initially开始。根据上文“including her actual grandson”可知，感恩节晚宴中，Dench本来一开始想要邀请的她真正的孙子也来了。故选D。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，每年，这两位朋友和他们的家人都会聚在一起吃一年一度的感恩节大餐，今年也不例外，尽管有病毒。A. answer答案；B. exception例外；C. surprise惊喜；D. time时间。根据上文“Every year since then, the two friends and their families have gathered together for an annual Thanksgiving meal”可知，自从那一次将错就错的赴宴后，Hinton和Dench的关系很好，每年Hinton都会赴约，故今年也不例外。故选B。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：辛顿经常在社交媒体上分享他与丹奇的友谊的最新消息，他证实，感恩节的传统也将延续到今年。A. updates更新；B. jobs作业；C. stories故事；D. dialogues对话。根据空后“on social media about his Internet-famous friendship with Dench”可知，Hinton在社交平台定期分享更新他和Dench的友情。故选A。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：辛顿经常在社交媒体上分享他与丹奇的友谊的最新消息，他证实，感恩节的传统也将延续到今年。A. explained解释；B. realized实现；C. confirmed确认；D. learned了解到。根据上文“and this year will be no　　9　　, despite the virus.”可知，疫情背景下，感恩大餐不一定正常举行，但Hinton在社交平台确认如期举行。故选C。 32．考查动词短语辨析。句意：辛顿经常在社交媒体上分享他与丹奇的友谊的最新消息，他证实，感恩节的传统也将延续到今年。A. live on继续；B. come back返回；C. stand out突出；D. catch on抓住，抓住。疫情背景下，感恩大餐不一定正常举行，但Hinton在社交平台确认如期举行。故选A。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管丹奇起初对2016年误发的短信感到尴尬，但她和辛顿都对这件事感到非常感激。A. anxious焦虑；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. disappointed失望的；D. curious好奇的。根据空后“about the misdirected text in 2016 at first”可知，Dench一开始发错信息给陌生人时会感到有点尴尬。故选B。 34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管丹奇起初对2016年误发的短信感到尴尬，但她和辛顿都对这件事感到非常感激。A. proud骄傲的；B. thankful感谢的；C. moved移动的；D. convinced确信。根据上文语境可知，这次误打误撞的经历让他们成为好朋友，他俩对此心怀感恩。故选B。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：丹奇说：“家庭不仅仅是血脉。”A. company公司；B. care护理；C. support支持；D. blood血。根据下文“It’s the people you want to be with.”可知，他俩虽然没有血缘关系，但胜似亲人。故选D。 Passage 2 （2023·安徽 高三 记叙文） 1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．D 14．C 15．D 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了纽约中央公园中心的一棵完美的大红枫树在遭遇一场大风暴中破损不堪，但是它友善地保护向它求助的动物们，人们觉得它更美了。 1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我的每一部分都完美无缺。A. perfectly完美地；B. similarly类似地；C. oddly奇怪地；D. randomly随机地。根据下文“I love seeing all the people___2___, stare at me, and say ‘That tree is beautiful!’ (我喜欢看到所有的人停下来，盯着我，说‘那棵树很漂亮！’)”可知，人们之所以驻足赞赏这棵枫树，因为它的每个部分都是完美的（perfectly）。故选A项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢看到所有的人停下来，盯着我，说“那棵树很漂亮！”A. wait等待；B. stop停止；C. hesitate犹豫；D. debate辩论。根据上文“My name is Maggie and I am a big red maple tree in the center of Central Park in New York. (我叫玛姬，是纽约中央公园中心的一棵大红枫树。)”可知，本文的“我”是纽约中央公园的一颗红枫树，游人们看见漂亮的枫树，会驻足（stop）观赏。故选B项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些话让我觉得自己很特别。A. noises噪音；B. trees树木；C. names名称；D. words话语。根据上文“I love seeing all the people___2___, stare at me, and say ‘That tree is beautiful!’ (我喜欢看到所有的人停下来，盯着我，说‘那棵树很漂亮！’)”可知，是游客们对这棵枫树的赞赏的话（words）令这棵树有了特别的感觉。故选D项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，我看到一场大风暴朝我的方向袭来。A. heading朝（某方向）行进；B. choosing选择；C. exploring探索；D. seeking寻找。根据下文“I can hear all the frightening sounds nearing, but the most frightening one is the sound of almost half of my bark being torn off. I feel___5___. (我能听到所有可怕的声音靠近，但最可怕的是我几乎一半的树皮被撕掉的声音。我感到焦虑)”中的hear all the frightening sounds nearing可知，越来越近的风的声音表明风暴朝着枫树而来（heading）。故选A项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到焦虑。A. angry生气的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. wonderful精彩的。根据上一句“I can hear all the frightening sounds nearing, but the most frightening one is the sound of almost half of my bark being torn off. (我能听到所有可怕的声音靠近，但最可怕的是我几乎一半的树皮被撕掉的声音。)”，以及下文“What will people think when they walk up to a worn-down tree in the___6___of Central Park? Will they cut me down? (当人们走到中央公园中央的一棵破损的树前时，他们会怎么想？他们会把我砍下来吗？)”可知，风暴损伤了这棵完美的树，使它很焦虑（anxious）自己的形象。故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们走上中央公园中央的一棵破损的树时，他们会怎么想？A. front前面；B. corner拐角；C. middle中间；D. back后部。根据第一段第一句“My name is Maggie and I am a big red maple tree in the center of Central Park in New York. (我叫玛姬，是纽约中央公园中心的一棵大红枫树。)”的in the center of可知，center为同义复现词，与middle同义。故选C项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几个小时后，暴风雨平息了，一个可爱的负鼠家庭来找我，问我是否可以在我的洞里过夜。A. blows up爆炸；B. dies down消亡；C. moves in移动；D. draws near接近。根据下文“Soon, round two of the storm comes. (很快，风暴的第二轮来了。)”可知，第一轮风暴逐渐平息（dies down）后，负鼠开始找安身之处。故选B项。 8．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：几个小时后，暴风雨平息了，一个可爱的负鼠家庭来找我，问我是否可以在我的洞里过夜。A. if是否；B. how如何；C. why为什么；D. when什么时候。根据句中的asks，以及下文“The baby opossum is so cute that I can’t___9___. (小负鼠太可爱了，我无法拒绝)”可知，这棵树同意负鼠一家住下，if符合语境。故选A项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小负鼠太可爱了，我无法拒绝。A. decide决定；B. stand站立；C. refuse拒绝；D. move移动。根据上文“Hours later, when the storm___7___, a nice opossum (负鼠) family comes to me and asks___8___they can spend the night in one of my holes. (几个小时后，暴风雨平息了，一个可爱的负鼠家庭来找我，问我是否可以在我的洞里过夜。)”可知，对于负鼠的请求，枫树没有拒绝（refuse）。故选C项。 10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它撕下了我的另一部分树皮，但这并没有太困扰我，因为我有一个分心的东西：负鼠家族。A. picks out挑出；B. looks for寻找；C. falls into落入；D. tears off撕掉。根据第二段“I can hear all the frightening sounds nearing, but the most frightening one is the sound of almost half of my bark being torn off. (我能听到所有可怕的声音靠近，但最可怕的是我几乎一半的树皮被撕掉的声音)”中的my bark being torn off 为复现词，可知，此时的枫树皮都被撕掉（tears off）了。故选D项。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它撕下了我的另一部分树皮，但这并没有太困扰我，因为我有一个分心的东西：负鼠家族。A. block阻塞；B. bother烦扰；C. dislike不喜欢；D. disappoint使失望。由上文“I feel___5___. What will people think when they walk up to a worn-down tree in the___6___of Central Park? Will they cut me down? (我感到焦虑。走到中央公园中央的一棵破损的树前时他们会怎么想？他们会把我砍下来吗？)”可知，第二轮风暴来袭时，枫树不再像第一次风暴时那么为自己的形象烦恼（bother），而是在担心树洞里的负鼠们。故选B项。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他动物看到我的友好行为，也来到我身边。A. friendly友好的；B. voluntary自愿的；C. foolish愚蠢的；D. public公众的。根据上文“Hours later, when the storm___7___, a nice opossum (负鼠) family comes to me and asks___8___they can spend the night in one of my holes. The baby opossum is so cute that I can’t___9___. Soon, round two of the storm comes. It___10___another part of my bark, but it doesn’t___11___me as much because I have a distraction (分散注意力的事物) : the opossum family. (几个小时后，暴风雨平息了，一个可爱的负鼠家庭来找我，问我是否可以在我的洞里过夜。小负鼠太可爱了，我无法拒绝。很快，第二轮风暴来临。它撕下了我的另一部分树皮，但这并没有太困扰我，因为我有一个分心的东西：负鼠家族。)”可知，枫树收留负鼠一家，在第二轮风暴中还在关心负鼠一家，属于友善的（friendly）行为。故选A项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管我为保护所有的动物而感到高兴，但我仍然没有完全忘记人们对我外表的看法。A. feeding喂食；B. recognizing识别；C. warning警告；D. protecting保护。根据上文“Other animals see my___12___act and come to me, too. (其他动物看到我的友好行为，也来到我身边。)”可知，动物们来投靠枫树，因为枫树能保护（protecting）他们。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我为保护所有的动物而感到高兴，但我仍然没有完全忘记人们对我外表的看法。A. duties职责；B. worries担心；C. looks相貌；D. hopes希望。根据上文“I feel___5___. What will people think when they walk up to a worn-down tree in the___6___of Central Park? (我感到焦虑。当人们走到中央公园中央的一棵破损的树前时，他们会怎么想？)”，以及下文“I will forever___15___that ‘beautiful’ doesn’t always refer to looks. (我会永远记住，‘美丽’并不总是指外表。)”中的looks为复现词，枫树原本为了自己破损的外表（looks）很是烦恼，故选C项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会永远记住，“美丽”并不总是指外表。A. regret后悔；B. wish希望；C. argue争论；D. remember记住。根据上文“Beyond all expectations, people love me even more for sheltering all those animals from the terrible storm. (出乎意料的是，人们更爱我了，因为我在可怕的风暴中庇护了所有的动物。)”可知，枫树在经历了这次风暴之后，对于美的概念有了改观，尽管自己的样子不在像以前那么漂亮，但是它自愿地担当起保护动物门的责任，在人们的心里，它比以前更美。remember符合语境，故选D项。 Passage 3（2023·河北省衡水中学高三 记叙文）21．C    22．B    23．D    24．D    25．A    26．B    27．C    28．A    29．D    30．C    31．A    32．D    33．B    34．C    35．A 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在东京奥运会上获得银牌的波兰运动员Maria Andrejczyk在社交平台上发帖子，计划卖掉自己的银牌，众筹救助患心脏病的儿童Miloszek的故事。 21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的病情非常严重，无法在波兰治疗，但斯坦福大学医疗中心的医生能够接受他的病例。 A. particular特别的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. serious严重的；D. common常见的。根据“but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case.”可知，Miloszek的病情太严重了，在波兰无法得到治疗。故选C。 22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Additionally另外；D. Absolutely完全地。根据“a sum the family simply could not ___3___.”可知，不幸的是，他们需要预付80%的费用，而这个家庭根本负担不起这笔巨额的医疗费。故选B。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. expect期望；B. permit允许；C. ensure保证；D. afford付得起。根据“___2___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front,”可知，Miloszek家里负担不起巨额医疗费。故选D。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时玛丽亚·安德烈齐克来帮忙了! A. crowded拥挤；B. turned变为；C. brought带来；D. stepped踏。step in介入。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria介入进来帮助Miloszek。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。A. earning获得；B. declaring宣布；C. battling与……作战；D. defeating打败。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria在东京奥运会上获得了她的首枚奥运奖牌。故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为米沃谢克的手术筹集资金。A. parcel包裹；B. message信息；C. card卡片；D. list目录。根据“on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，在获得奖牌回国一周后，Maria在社交平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖她的奥运会银牌为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。 A. sold卖；B. returned返回；C. purchased购买；D. saved保存。根据“Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ___12___ after all!”可知，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格购买了这枚奖牌。故选C。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。A. expected期望；B. needed需要；C. accepted接受；D. commanded命令。根据“Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___7___ the medal for $125,000,”可知，这超出了Maria的期望。故选A。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，越来越多的人开始向筹款活动捐款。A. health健康；B. dream梦想；C. heart心脏；D. story故事。根据“Not only that,”可知，本句承接上文，表示不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，更多的人开始捐款。故选D。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们筹到了足够Miloszek去美国旅行的钱! A. transport运输；B. provide提供；C. cover覆盖；足以支付；D. cost花费。根据“Not only that, but when her ___9___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser.”可知，最后，他们筹到了足够支付Miloszek美国之行的钱!故选C。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：善意还不止于此。A. kindness善良；B. news消息；C. sympathy同情；D. gratitude感激。根据“Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ___10___ Miloszek’s trip to America!”可知，人们的善意并没有因为帮Miloszek筹到了去美国治病的费用而停止。故选A。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Zabka宣布他们最终还是会让Maria保留她的奖牌! A. secret秘密；B. reputation名声；C. money金钱；D. medal奖牌。根据“We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria!”可知，Zabka宣布他们会让Maria保留她的奖牌!故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. flexible灵活的；B. noble高尚的；C. gentle温和的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上下文可知，根据“We were very touched”可知，Zabka被这位奥运选手极其高尚的行为所感动。故选B。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. recovery恢复；B. request请求；C. fundraiser资金筹集人；D. award奖品。根据“We were very touched by the extremely ___13___ gesture of our Olympian,”可知，Zabka被Maria Andrejczyk 高尚的行为所感动，因此决定支持Miloszek的筹款。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴能够做出贡献。A. contribute作贡献；B. present呈现；C. fight打架；D. change改变。根据“We are glad”可知，Zabka很高兴能够为此作出贡献。故选A。 Passage 4（2023·山东省百校联盟大联考记叙文）21．A    22．C    23．A    24．D    25．A    26．B    27．A    28．B    29．D    30．C    31．A    32．D    33．C    34．C    35．B 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一名13岁的女孩和93岁的玛吉在疫情的封锁期间通过写信成为挚友的故事。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对93岁的玛吉来说意义重大，她现在住在一家由慈善机构“老人之友”赞助的养老院。A. meant意味着；B. took带走；C. saved拯救；D. needed需要。根据上句“Despite an age gap of 80 years, a 13-year-old girl and a care home resident in Luton have become firm friends after becoming penpals during lockdown.(尽管有80岁的年龄差距，一名13岁的女孩和卢顿养老院的老人在封锁期间做笔友后成为了挚友)”可知，一名13岁的女孩和93岁的玛吉成为了挚友，这对玛吉来说意义重大。故选A。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. found建立；B. consulted咨询；C. sponsored赞助；D. served服务。根据本句“by the charity Friends of the Elderly(由老年人之友慈善机构赞助)”可知，疗养院是由老年人之友慈善机构赞助的。故选C。 23．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：玛奇喜欢孩子，因为她来自一个大家庭。A. fond of喜欢；B. afraid of害怕；C. strict with对……严格；D. tired of厌倦。根据本句“as she comes from a big family(因为她来自一个大家庭)”可知，因为她来自一个大家庭，玛奇喜欢孩子。故选A。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但由于疫情，她最近很难见到亲人。A. necessary有必要的；B. possible可能的；C. accessible可到达的，可进入的；D. difficult困难。根据“for the pandemic(由于疫情)”可知，由于疫情，她最近很难见到亲人。故选D。 25．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以，当有机会和一个13岁的女孩成为笔友时，她非常高兴地参加了。A. came up走近；发生；B. came out出现；出版；C. put up张贴；D. picked up捡起。根据本句“the opportunity(机会)”可知，当和一个13岁的女孩成为笔友的机会出现时，她非常高兴地参加了。故选A。 26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. surprised惊讶的；B. delighted高兴的；C. reluctant勉强的，不情愿的；D. hesitant犹豫的。根据本句“So when the opportunity 　　5　　 to become penpals with a 13-year-old girl(当有机会和一个13岁的女孩成为笔友时)”可知，她非常高兴机会和一个13岁的女孩成为笔友。故选B。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，新冠肺炎让她无法像往常一样做到这一点。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Moreover而且。根据上句“Before Covid-19, Ella would always be involved in the voluntary activities at the care home(在新冠肺炎疫情之前，艾拉总是会参加养老院的志愿活动)”以及后句“Covid-19 made it impossible for her to do that as usual(新冠肺炎让她无法像往常一样做到这一点)”可知，上下句之间为转折关系。故选A。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为关心那里的人，她有一种想做点什么的冲动。A. Confused疑惑的；B. Concerned关注的；C. Curious好奇的；D. Crazy疯狂的。根据本句“she felt an urge to do something(她有一种想做点什么的冲动)”可知，因为关注着那里的人，她有一种想做点什么的冲动。故选B。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，艾拉突然想到她可以给养老院的老人写信。A. happened发生；B. occurred发生；C. beat(反复地)敲，击，打；D. struck打，撞；(用手或武器等)打；(使)碰撞。根据本句“that she could write to the care home resident (她可以给养老院的老人写信)”It strikes sb that…某人突然想到……。可知，艾拉突然想到她可以给养老院的老人写信。故选D。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛吉说：我这儿有她所有的信。A. gifts礼物；B. messages信息；C. letters信；D. calls电话。根据上文“One day, it 　　9　　 Ella that she could write to the care home resident (一天，艾拉突然想到她可以给养老院的老人写信)”可知，她们联系的信件都在这里。故选C。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我觉得她费心给我写信真是太好了，我现在这么老了。A. ancient古老的，年代久远的；老的；B. funny滑稽的，有趣的；C. energetic精力充沛的，充满活力的；D. serious严重的。根据上文“It 　　1　　 a lot to 93-year-old Madge, who now lives at a care home(这对93岁的玛吉来说意义重大)”可知，玛吉现在年龄已经很大了。故选A。 32．考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：这让玛吉感觉自己与外界有了联系。A. accustomed to习惯于；B. isolated from使与……隔离；C. interested in对……感兴趣；D. connected with与……联系。根据上文“Despite an age gap of 80 years, a 13-year-old girl and a care home resident in Luton have become firm friends after becoming penpals during lockdown(尽管有80岁的年龄差距，一名13岁的女孩和卢顿养老院的老人在封锁期间成为笔友后又成为了挚友)”可知，和13岁女孩的信件的来往成为了挚友后，让玛吉感觉自己与外界有了联系。故选D。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：希望在安全的情况下，他们俩能见面。A. Initially开始；B. Thankfully感谢地；C. Hopefully有希望地；D. Previously以前地。根据本句“when it’s safe, these two will meet in person(在安全的情况下，他们俩能见面)”可知，是希望在安全的情况下，两者可以见面。故选C。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：年龄只是朋友之间的一个数字。A. gap隔阂，差距；B. accelerator催化剂；C. number数字；D. obstacle障碍物。根据后文“Despite the great difference in age(尽管年龄相差很大)”可知，年龄只是朋友之间的一个数字。故选C。 35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管年龄相差很大，但这些信件弥合了他们之间的差距。A. left留下；B. bridged渡过；横跨……之上；C. widened扩宽的；D. identified鉴定；辨认。根据本句后文“Despite the great difference in age(尽管年龄相差很大)”以及“the letters(信件)”可知，这些信件弥合了他们之间的差距。故选B。 Passage 5（2023·安徽省皖北五校 记叙文）21．C    22．A    23．B    24．D    25．C    26．B    27．C    28．A    29．A    30．B    31．D    32．A    33．C    34．B    35．D 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作为上届世界杯冠军的安哥拉截肢者足球队如今再次出征，积极备战在土耳其举行的2022年截肢者足球世界杯比赛。为了家国的荣光，他们突破自我，突破障碍，积极备战，奋力拼搏。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上；就在红日消失在大西洋上空后，多斯科盖罗斯体育场(dos Coqueiros Stadium)内不断传来金属棒发出的咔哒声，这表明安哥拉世界冠军截肢男子足球队的训练已经开始。A. burned燃烧；B. arose发生，出现；C. disappeared消失；D. flew飞行。根据“Each night”，可知，因为是night，故可推知，此处为每天晚上；就在红日消失在大西洋上空后，多斯科盖罗斯体育场(dos Coqueiros Stadium)内不断传来金属棒发出的咔哒声。故选C项。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上；就在红日消失在大西洋上空后，多斯科盖罗斯体育场(dos Coqueiros Stadium)内不断传来金属棒发出的咔哒声，这表明安哥拉世界冠军截肢男子足球队的训练已经开始。A. sound声响；B. speed速度；C. link联系；D. mouse老鼠。根据该句中“could be heard within the dos Coqueiros Stadium”可知，此处为多斯科盖罗斯体育场(dos Coqueiros Stadium)内不断传来金属棒发出的咔哒声。故选A项。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天晚上；就在红日消失在大西洋上空后，多斯科盖罗斯体育场(dos Coqueiros Stadium)内不断传来金属棒发出的咔哒声，这表明安哥拉世界冠军截肢男子足球队的训练已经开始。A. approached靠近；B. started 开始；C. suspended暂停；D. stopped结束。根据下文“Over the weekend, Angola won its first three matches and now___11___to the second round.”已经进入了第二轮，故可推知，此处为这表明安哥拉世界冠军截肢男子足球队的训练已经开始。故选B项。 24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与运动被认为是一种让截肢者从悲伤生活中解脱出来的方式。A. Appreciation欣赏；B. Preservation 保护；C. Independence 独立；D. Involvement参与。根据句意以及该句中的“in sports”可知，此处为参与运动被认为是一种让截肢者从悲伤生活中解脱出来的方式。故选D项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参与运动被认为是一种让截肢者从悲伤生活中解脱出来的方式。A. free 自由的，B. pleasant令人愉快的，C. sad悲哀的，D. boring无聊的。根据句意以及该句中的“to give amputees an outlet”给截肢者一种解脱，可知，此处为参与运动被认为是一种让截肢者从悲伤生活中解脱出来的方式。故选C项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2018年，安哥拉以5比4击败土耳其，赢得了在墨西哥举行的截肢者足球世界杯，极大地鼓舞了这个年轻的国家。A. afford承担得起；B. win赢得；C. defeat击败；D. miss错过。根据下文“inspiring the young nation.”可知，此处为安哥拉以5比4击败土耳其，赢得了在墨西哥举行的截肢者足球世界杯。故选B项。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2018年，安哥拉以5比4击败土耳其，赢得了在墨西哥举行的截肢者足球世界杯，极大地鼓舞了这个年轻的国家。A. toughly 坚强地；B unluckily不幸地；C. enormously极大地；D. rarely很少地。根据上文提到的赢得比赛以及该句中的“inspiring the young nation”可知，此处为赢得了在墨西哥举行的截肢者足球世界杯，极大地鼓舞了这个年轻的国家。故选C项。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的四年里，他们一直是这个星球上最好的球队。A. title头衔，称谓；B. dream梦想；C. vision 视力；D. authority权利。根据该句中的“as the best team on the planet”可知，此处为在过去的四年里，他们一直是这个星球上最好的球队。故选A项。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，他们正在土耳其参加2022年截肢者足球世界杯，该世界杯有24支球队参赛，其中包括有球员在武装冲突中受伤的国家，如伊拉克和叙利亚。A. features以……为主要组成；B .awards奖励；C. generates 产生；D .sustains维持。根据该句中“24 teams, including countries with players wounded in armed___10___, such as Iraq and Syria.”可知，此处为该世界杯有24支球队参赛，其中包括有球员在武装冲突中受伤的国家，如伊拉克和叙利亚。故选A项。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，他们正在土耳其参加2022年截肢者足球世界杯，该世界杯有24支球队参赛，其中包括有球员在武装冲突中受伤的国家，如伊拉克和叙利亚。A. protest 抗议；B. conflict 冲突；C. drill操练；D. eruption喷发。由前面的“wounded”以及下文列举的“such as Iraq and Syria.”这些常年处于战争中的国家，可知，此处为其中包括有球员在武装冲突中受伤的国家，如伊拉克和叙利亚。故选B项。 31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：上周末，安哥拉赢得了前三场比赛，现在晋级第二轮。A. peak达到高峰；B .restore恢复；C .wander 漫步；D .advance前进。由上文“Over the weekend, Angola won its first three matches”可知，球队现在进入第二轮。故选D项。 32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：国家队队长希拉里奥说：“虽然我希望能再次带着金牌回来，但这并不容易，因为有很多强队将带着击败安哥拉队的目标来到土耳其。A. medal奖章；B. cup杯子；C. cap帽子；D. star星星。根据后文的“I’d like to help the team win more championships, and honor the nation.”可知，此处为虽然我希望能再次带着金牌回来，但这并不容易。故选A项。 33．考查形容词词义辩析。句意：国家队队长希拉里奥说：“虽然我希望能再次带着金牌回来，但这并不容易，因为有很多强队将带着击败安哥拉队的目标来到土耳其。A. powerless无影响力的；B. second-rate二流的；C. strong强大的；D. unknown未知的。由“it won’t be easy”可知，有很多非常强大的球队在比赛中。故选C项。 34．考查动词短语辨析。句意：国家队队长希拉里奥说：“虽然我希望能再次带着金牌回来，但这并不容易，因为有很多强队将带着击败安哥拉队的目标来到土耳其。A. break down出毛病；B. knock off 击败；C. appeal to 呼吁；D. drop out退出(比赛等)。根据该句中“coming to Turkey with the goal”可知，此处为因为有很多强队将带着击败安哥拉队的目标来到土耳其。故选B项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有机会为我们的国家队做出贡献，提高这项运动的知名度，我想帮助球队赢得更多的冠军，为国家荣誉。A. issue问题；B. facility设施；C. variety多样化；D. profile形象。根据该句中“to contribute to our national team”以及“I’d like to help the team win more championships and honor the nation.”可知，此处为有机会为我们的国家队做出贡献，提高这项运动的知名度。故选D项。 Passage 6：（2022年山东临沂三模 夹叙夹议） 21-25 CADCA 26-30 ACABB 31-35 BDCAB 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$