精品解析：山西省孝义市第三中学2024-2025学年高三上学期8月开学质量检测英语试题

2024~2025学年高三8月开学质量检测卷 英语 考生注意： 1．本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the man doing? A. Making coffee. B. Drinking water. C. Washing cups. 2. How long has the man been studying? A. For 11 hours. B. For 12 hours. C. For 13 hours. 3. What will the woman probably do next? A. Call her mother again. B. Go to her mother’s home. C. Send her mother to hospital. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Sales clerk and customer. B. Co-workers. C. Husband and wife. 5. What have been sold out? A. Chips. B. Chocolates. C. Nuts. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When did the man finish his project? A. This morning. B. In the afternoon. C. The day before yesterday. 7. What does the woman mean? A. She will finish it soon. B. She can chat now. C. She does not need help now. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does the man want to drink today? A. Milk. B. Yellow tea. C. Coffee. 9. Which does the man usually order? A. Brown bread. B. Black bread. C. White bread. 10 What is free today? A. The bacon. B. The egg. C. The toast. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Who did the speakers see? A. A famous singer. B. An important politician. C. A rich businesswoman. 12. What does the man say about the city? A. The living cost is low. B. Hiking is not convenient. C. The labor is cheap. 13. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a parking lot. B. At a restaurant. C. At a club. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Why does the man refuse to eat at the university cafeteria? A. It’s less fun. B. It’s too expensive. C. It’s not healthy. 15. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Find a part-time job. B. Focus on study. C. Cook for himself. 16. What does the man probably want to be in the future? A. A teacher. B. A banker. C. A doctor. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How long will Mr. White’s talk last? A. About 15 minutes. B. About 30 minutes. C. About 60 minutes. 18. Who will talk about the courses? A. The director. B. The student adviser. C. The principal. 19. Where will the listeners meet at 11 o’ clock? A. In the Main Hall. B. At the language lab. C. At classroom 521. 20. What is the talk mainly about? A. Services offered to students. B. Language test requirements. C. A schedule for the next day. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The countries of Central Asia are home to countless sites justly famous for their natural beauty and unique history. Medeu, Kazakhstan On any trip to Central Asia, you’ll likely find yourself in Almaty, the biggest city in Kazakhstan and a major crossroad for regional flights. Visitors can take advantage of the city’s museums or go skating at Medeu, a famous outdoor ice skating field outside the city. Tickets vary in price; but adults (24 and up) can enter for $5 and rent skates for $3. Tash Rabat, Kyrgyzstan Once a church, Tash Rabat was later changed into a caravanserai, or inn, on the Silk Road. The official caretakers, who live nearby, will unlock the gate to allow visitors to wander through the well-preserved 600-year-old stone buildings. After the exploration, consider staying at one of the nearby yurt camps. Before bed, be sure to look up: the high sea level makes the starry night extra beautiful. Expect to pay about $2 to enter Tash Rabat, plus around $12 for a night at a yurt camp. The Pamir Highway, Tajikistan The Pamir Highway is the long stretch of road that runs between Osh, Kyrgyzstan, and Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Set aside about a-week for the journey to make time for striking lakes and the grand snow-capped Hindu Kush mountains. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkistan Arriving in Almaty, board a train (13-17 hours) to Turkistan to explore the Mausoleum. Dating to the late 14th century, it's believed to be the earliest example of the Timurid architectural style that defined the Silk Road. 1. What can we know about Almaty? A. It has few museums. B. It is located in Kyrgyzstan. C. It is a famous outdoor ice skating field. D. It has one of the busiest regional airports. 2. How much should a visitor pay for the yurt camp per night? A. About $2. B. About $5. C. About $12. D. About $14. 3. Which is the oldest Timurid building? A. Medeu. B. The Mausoleum. C. Tash Rabat. D. The Pamir Highway. B Visitors will be able to get close to — and even touch — 100 life-size sculptures of Indian elephants which are beginning a cross-country journey that aims to raise awareness about conservation. The real-life elephants of the sculptures are personally known to The Coexistence Collective — the community of around 200 artists in southern India who made them. The sculptures can be seen in Newport, Rhode Island through early September. From there they will head to New York City, Miami, the Blackfeet Reservation in Montana and finally Los Angeles. The organization is planning to sell the elephants off to raise funds for 22 conservation organizations around the country as the tour progresses. Organizers said 30 sculptures had already been sold off, with prices ranging from $8,000 for a baby elephant to $22,000 for an adult. In Newport, the profit will go to Save the Bay, which works to remove foreign grasses from local wetlands in order to restore the habitats for the birds there. The enormous life-like sculptures are made out of lantana — a tough foreign grass that’s been encroaching upon the elephants’ natural forest habitat, pushing the animals onto tea and coffee farms where their coexistence with humans has become a genuine challenge. “Lantana has displaced animals across huge areas in India, because it takes over from herbs and bushes that are food for animals,” said Tarsh Thekaekara, a wildlife conservationist specializing in human-elephant relations. “40 to 50% of many Indian parks are taken over by it.” Tarsh Thekaekara also hopes that visitors will learn more about how important it is for animals and humans to negotiate shared space, as more places become uninhabitable for both owing to direct human destruction and the impacts of human-caused climate change. 4. What can we learn about the exhibition? A. Its first stop will be in New York City. B. It includes 100 real elephants from India. C. The sculptures will be sold at the same price D. All the exhibits are based on identified elephants. 5. The underlined phrase “encroaching upon” in paragraph 4 can be understood as ________. A. restoring B. damaging C. dividing D. restricting 6. What is Tarsh Thekaekara mainly worried about according to paragraph 5? A Public parks in India. B. Impacts of climate change. C. A harmful foreign grass. D. Human-elephant coexistence. 7. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A guidebook to an exhibition. C. An advertisement. D. An introduction to an organization. C For the technically minded, GPT-4o is a significant change. Before it, the primary way of interacting with ChatGPT was to type text-based questions and wait for text-based responses. Although a voice assistant was available, it was painfully slow and unnatural. I have tried, in recent months, to get ChatGPT to help me learn German. But the delays between me asking questions and ChatGPT's response, often in incomprehensible and unaccented American English, made it next to useless. By contrast, the live-streamed demonstration published earlier this week, showed that the new AI model could analyze code, translate languages between two speakers or guide users through a basic math problem written down on a piece of paper, all seemingly in real time. It even laughed in response to a joke. According to its maker, OpenAI, this is the new normal: an AI model that can reason across audio, vision and text in real time. It appears to be another significant step towards turning science fiction into science fact. That's great news for OpenAI, a company already valued at more than $80 billion. It's also good news for others in the AI industry who are trying to apply it into every aspect of our lives. But it's less good for ordinary users. The ease to use helps us forget its original name, dating back to 1956: artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is certainly artificial. It's not yet intelligent — and arguably never will be even if the smooth interactivity that OpenAI has laboured hard to enable does well to paper over the cracks of the underlying technology. When ChatGPT first made its appearance in November 2022, those who had been following the technology for decades pointed out that Al in its current form was little more than pattern-matching technology. So try ChatGPT by all means, and play about with its voice and video interactions. But bear in mind its limitations, and that this thing isn't intelligent, but it certainly is artificial, no matter how much it pretends not to be. 8. What does the author think of the AI models before GPT-4o? A. Dangerous. B. Intelligent. C. Convenient. D. Unhelpful. 9. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The new trend of AI models. B. GPT-4o’s improved functions. C. GPT-4o’s possible applications. D. Doubts about the new AI model. 10. When did the term “artificial intelligence” come into existence? A. In the 1950s. B. In the 1960s. C. In the 2000s. D. In the 2020s. 11. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. AI will be smarter than humans. B. We should stay away from ChatGPT. C. We shouldn’t be too optimistic about AI. D. ChatGPT will be more intelligent in the future. D The idea that birth order influences a child's personality might be as old as people themselves Many modern scientists still refuse to break up with the popular theory. Frank Sulloway is one of them. In the 1990s and 2000s, he claimed that he found a tendency for conservative research among famous firstborn scientists while more radical (激进的) research, such as the theory of evolution and relativity, was more common among famous scientists born later in their families. He also found similar differences among military and political leaders. But more recent studies throw cold water on the theory. Rodica Damian, a professor of psychology at the University of Houston, conducted one of the largest such studies in 2015, using data from over 440, 000 US high school students. After controlling for socioeconomic status, sex and age, the study showed that the association between birth order and personality was as close to zero. Another 2015 study confirmed Damian's findings. After analyzing three nationally representative samples from the US, the UK and Germany, the researchers wrote “We consistently found no birth-order effects on personality.” However, both teams did find evidence for one quality that would please the firstborns. The studies each showed that they were slightly more likely to have higher verbal intelligence. “This doesn't necessarily mean that firstborns are smarter or learn more easily,” Damian wrote. “More likely, it's because firstborns spend more time around adults in their early childhood.” Then why does the birth order theory still appeal to the public as well as some researchers? “Part of the reason may have to do with our own experiences that will always appear to support it,” Damian explained. “Firstborns usually seem to be more responsible because they are more developmentally mature.” Indeed, the science of personality development is anything but settled. Modern research using twin studies suggests that personality formation is about 40 percent due to DNA. The rest may be a matter of a complex combination of environment and cultural practices that help shape the personality with which we're born. 12. Which statement might Frank Sulloway agree with according to the text? A. Young scientists are more creative B. Firstborns are more likely to take risks. C. The theory of relativity was once considered radical. D. We shouldn't trust radical military and political leaders 13. What did the two 2015 studies find? A. Firstborns had much higher verbal intelligence B. Birth order hardly had a lasting effect on personality. C. Birth order affected children's emotional intelligence. D. Firstborns enjoyed spending more time around adults. 14. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Firstborns are cleverer and can learn much faster. B. Firstborns are more talkative than the younger ones C. Firstborns are usually more responsible and successful. D. Firstborn babies usually get more attention from the family 15. According to the twin studies, personality is _________. A. influenced by a series of factors B. usually decided by the environment C. decisively shaped by cultural practices D. mainly determined by the biological factor 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There’s no shortage of tricks for improving mental health. But many of them are not yet well understood. Here are some of the tried-and-true things that you can turn to. ___16___ Surely it is not surprising that getting outside is first on this list. There’s strong evidence that it really can help reduce stress and improve mood. For example, researchers have found that looking at complex patterns found in flowers, mountains, ocean waves and other elements of nature can lead to more a-waves in your brain that are associated with relaxation. ___17___ . For instance, you can open a window to let in fresh air or use nature-inspired scents (气味). Tidy up your space Getting organized won’t help with serious depression. ___18___ . In addition, it can also enhance your productivity at the office and greatly improve the quality of your life if you can learn how to declutter and become organized. Plan a trip Taking a vacation is not a new idea when it comes to boosting your mental health. But what if you don’t have the means or the time? ___19___. Research shows that anticipating a trip can increase a person’s happiness. Go for a bike ride Of course, any kind of exercise is good for your mental health. But researchers say that bike riding is one of the best physical activities you can do to feel better. ___20___ . A Spend more time in nature B. Put these tips into practice immediately C. But it can make a difference for your mental health D. Maybe it’s time to start planning a trip to one of the hot spots E. Well, it turns out that even just planning a vacation can help a lot F. If you’re unable to get outdoors, there are still helpful things you can do G. Those who just cycle once a week report much higher levels of mental well-being 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After William Geil’s historic journey along the Great Wall (1908) and the publication of his book on the subject (1909), many books ___21___ the Great Wall followed. Most of them were in Chinese, while just a handful appeared in English. But the latter (后者) were mainly historical accounts, written by foreign researchers with little field experience of the extensive ___22___ . 70 years later, I became the first foreigner to follow in William Geil’s ___23___ . My years-long ___24___ led to a storehouse of material and knowledge that I have used to ___25___ The Great Wall Explained, which has become a textbook for journalists, filmmakers, students and those planning ___26___ along the Great Wall for more than just a day or so. I knew that it’s easy to write a complex book that readers could not ___27___ , so I tried my best to prioritise accessibility, specifically in order to ___28___ students — in China and around the world — for they are the key to creating a better ___29___ for the Great Wall. I don’t think it will be in ___30___ hands until generations of university students have ___31___ its diversity as a subject for a semester-length period. The book is an explanation of the geography, history, appearance and function of the walls ___32___ in various dynasties. After a brief introduction, I then explain the Great Wall through the ___33___ chapters: Conflict, Construction, Architecture, Operation, Personages, Views and Conservation. ___34___ illustrated with photos that help to explain, the book also ___35___ many self-drawn maps and self-designed charts. 21. A. applying to B. reminding of C. focusing on D. responding to 22. A. ruins B. deserts C. mountains D. farms 23. A. books B. shadows C. notes D. footsteps 24. A. absence B. effort C. education D. war 25. A. write B. teach C. miss D. sell 26. A. lectures B. movies C. trips D. interviews 27. A. afford B. understand C. borrow D. buy 28. A. ignore B. forget C. see D. interest 29. A. plan B. design C. story D. future 30. A. weak B. rough C. safe D. big 31. A. accepted B. studied C. regarded D. served 32 A. built B. restored C. discovered D. damaged 33. A. complex B. following C. new D. confusing 34. A. Barely B. Casually C. Richly D. Similarly 35. A. investigates B. impacts C. defends D. includes 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Maybe our hope of one day ___36___ (live) on Mars-like planets lies in a kind of desert moss (苔藓), Syntrichia caninervis, ___37___ can adapt to extreme stress conditions. A group of Chinese scientists ___38___ (experiment) with the moss in Mars-like conditions and found that it was able to survive in such environment. “Looking to the future, we expect that this promising moss could be brought to Mars or Moon to further test the ___39___ (possible) of growth in outer space,” ___40___ researchers wrote in an article published in the journal The Innovation. “This paper is exciting because it ___41___ (show) that the desert moss can survive short exposures to some of the ___42___ (stress) that are likely to be found on Mars, including high levels of radiation, extremely low temperatures and very low oxygen levels,” said moss expert Stuart McDaniel, who was not involved in the study. “ ___43___ particular, the desert moss could play an important role in long-term space travels. Although it is not eatable, it may ___44___ (efficient) turn CO2 and water into oxygen and food that humans need ___45___ (survive).” 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，近日参加了学校组织的创意手工作品（handicraft）展并获得了一等奖，外籍笔友David对你的作品很感兴趣，请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括： 1. 作品介绍； 2. 你的感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 He was the prettiest homeless dog we had ever seen at the shelter. We immediately fell in love with him and decided to give him a permanent home. Our ten-year-old daughter. Margie, named him Onyx because of his thick, shiny black hair. When we adopted him, Onyx was only ten weeks old and we had no idea that this amazing little baby dog would end up being our hero. As he grew older, Onyx became more and more involved in our family activities. He particularly loved swimming with us on hot summer days. He would float in the river in his own rubber tube（橡皮圈）. Sometimes, he would stand on the top of the tube with a big smile and show off his perfect balance. Otherwise, he would rest his front legs over the edge of the rubber tube and keep his eyes shut as he floated until he had enough of the warm sun on his thick, black coat. One day, Margie announced she was going to swim in the pond in front of our house. But it happened that no one in the family was free to go swimming with her that day. The unwritten rule in my family, regardless of swimming ability, was to have a companion in the water. I was not a good swimmer, so I said to Margie, “Take Onyx with you.” Having heard his name, Onyx jumped to his feet and was ready for action. Margie signaled him to follow and they rushed to the water together. However, I still felt uneasy at the moment. I went to the doorway and watched them reach the pond. They rested on the shore for a few minutes before diving into the water and started swimming side by side. Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “Help! My leg hurts!” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Seeing my daughter struggling in the water, I dashed to the pond. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After they were sale on the shore, I hugged Onyx and my daughter tightly. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024~2025学年高三8月开学质量检测卷 英语 考生注意： 1．本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。 2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。 3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。 4.本卷命题范围：高考范围。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What is the man doing? A. Making coffee. B. Drinking water. C. Washing cups. 2. How long has the man been studying? A. For 11 hours. B. For 12 hours. C. For 13 hours. 3. What will the woman probably do next? A. Call her mother again. B. Go to her mother’s home. C. Send her mother to hospital. 4. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Sales clerk and customer. B. Co-workers. C. Husband and wife. 5. What have been sold out? A. Chips. B. Chocolates. C. Nuts. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. When did the man finish his project? A. This morning. B. In the afternoon. C. The day before yesterday. 7. What does the woman mean? A. She will finish it soon. B. She can chat now. C. She does not need help now. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What does the man want to drink today? A. Milk. B. Yellow tea. C. Coffee. 9. Which does the man usually order? A. Brown bread. B. Black bread. C. White bread. 10. What is free today? A. The bacon. B. The egg. C. The toast. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11 Who did the speakers see? A. A famous singer. B. An important politician. C. A rich businesswoman. 12. What does the man say about the city? A. The living cost is low. B. Hiking is not convenient. C. The labor is cheap. 13. Where does the conversation take place? A. At a parking lot. B. At a restaurant. C. At a club. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Why does the man refuse to eat at the university cafeteria? A. It’s less fun. B. It’s too expensive. C. It’s not healthy. 15. What does the woman suggest the man do? A. Find a part-time job. B. Focus on study. C. Cook for himself. 16. What does the man probably want to be in the future? A. A teacher. B. A banker. C. A doctor. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. How long will Mr. White’s talk last? A. About 15 minutes. B. About 30 minutes. C. About 60 minutes. 18. Who will talk about the courses? A. The director. B. The student adviser. C. The principal. 19. Where will the listeners meet at 11 o’ clock? A. In the Main Hall. B. At the language lab. C. At classroom 521. 20. What is the talk mainly about? A. Services offered to students. B. Language test requirements. C. A schedule for the next day. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The countries of Central Asia are home to countless sites justly famous for their natural beauty and unique history. Medeu, Kazakhstan On any trip to Central Asia, you’ll likely find yourself in Almaty, the biggest city in Kazakhstan and a major crossroad for regional flights. Visitors can take advantage of the city’s museums or go skating at Medeu, a famous outdoor ice skating field outside the city. Tickets vary in price; but adults (24 and up) can enter for $5 and rent skates for $3. Tash Rabat, Kyrgyzstan Once a church, Tash Rabat was later changed into a caravanserai, or inn, on the Silk Road. The official caretakers, who live nearby, will unlock the gate to allow visitors to wander through the well-preserved 600-year-old stone buildings. After the exploration, consider staying at one of the nearby yurt camps. Before bed, be sure to look up: the high sea level makes the starry night extra beautiful. Expect to pay about $2 to enter Tash Rabat, plus around $12 for a night at a yurt camp. The Pamir Highway, Tajikistan The Pamir Highway is the long stretch of road that runs between Osh, Kyrgyzstan, and Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Set aside about a-week for the journey to make time for striking lakes and the grand snow-capped Hindu Kush mountains. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkistan Arriving in Almaty, board a train (13-17 hours) to Turkistan to explore the Mausoleum. Dating to the late 14th century, it's believed to be the earliest example of the Timurid architectural style that defined the Silk Road. 1. What can we know about Almaty? A. It has few museums. B. It is located in Kyrgyzstan. C. It is a famous outdoor ice skating field. D. It has one of the busiest regional airports. 2. How much should a visitor pay for the yurt camp per night? A. About $2. B. About $5. C. About $12. D. About $14. 3. Which is the oldest Timurid building? A. Medeu. B. The Mausoleum. C. Tash Rabat. D. The Pamir Highway. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。详细描述了中亚的一些旅游景点，包括各个地方的特色、历史背景、参观建议以及相关的费用信息。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Medeu, Kazakhstan下的“On any trip to Central Asia, you’ll likely find yourself in Almaty, the biggest city in Kazakhstan and a major crossroad for regional flights.(在中亚的任何一次旅行中，你很可能会发现自己身处哈萨克斯坦最大的城市阿拉木图，这也是区域航班的重要交通枢纽)”可知，阿拉木图是哈萨克斯坦最大的城市，也是区域航班的主要交汇点之一。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tash Rabat, Kyrgyzstan下的“After the exploration, consider staying at one of the nearby yurt camps. Before bed, be sure to look up: the high sea level makes the starry night extra beautiful. Expect to pay about $2 to enter Tash Rabat, plus around $12 for a night at a yurt camp.(探索之后，可以考虑在附近的毡房营地住宿。睡觉前，别忘了抬头看看：高海拔使得星空格外美丽。进入塔什拉巴特的费用约为2美元，加上在毡房营地住一晚的费用约为12美元)”可知，游客在毡房营地过夜需要付12美元。故选C项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkistan下的“Arriving in Almaty, board a train (13-17 hours) to Turkistan to explore the Mausoleum. Dating to the late 14th century, it's believed to be the earliest example of the Timurid architectural style that defined the Silk Road.(抵达阿拉木图后，搭乘火车（13-17小时）前往土耳其斯坦探索这座陵墓。该陵墓建于14世纪末，被认为是定义了丝绸之路的帖木儿帝国建筑风格的最早典范)”可知，Mausoleum是最古老的帖木儿建筑。故选B项。 B Visitors will be able to get close to — and even touch — 100 life-size sculptures of Indian elephants which are beginning a cross-country journey that aims to raise awareness about conservation. The real-life elephants of the sculptures are personally known to The Coexistence Collective — the community of around 200 artists in southern India who made them. The sculptures can be seen in Newport, Rhode Island through early September. From there they will head to New York City, Miami, the Blackfeet Reservation in Montana and finally Los Angeles. The organization is planning to sell the elephants off to raise funds for 22 conservation organizations around the country as the tour progresses. Organizers said 30 sculptures had already been sold off, with prices ranging from $8,000 for a baby elephant to $22,000 for an adult. In Newport, the profit will go to Save the Bay, which works to remove foreign grasses from local wetlands in order to restore the habitats for the birds there. The enormous life-like sculptures are made out of lantana — a tough foreign grass that’s been encroaching upon the elephants’ natural forest habitat, pushing the animals onto tea and coffee farms where their coexistence with humans has become a genuine challenge. “Lantana has displaced animals across huge areas in India, because it takes over from herbs and bushes that are food for animals,” said Tarsh Thekaekara, a wildlife conservationist specializing in human-elephant relations. “40 to 50% of many Indian parks are taken over by it.” Tarsh Thekaekara also hopes that visitors will learn more about how important it is for animals and humans to negotiate shared space as more places become uninhabitable for both owing to direct human destruction and the impacts of human-caused climate change. 4. What can we learn about the exhibition? A. Its first stop will be in New York City. B. It includes 100 real elephants from India. C. The sculptures will be sold at the same price D. All the exhibits are based on identified elephants. 5. The underlined phrase “encroaching upon” in paragraph 4 can be understood as ________. A. restoring B. damaging C. dividing D. restricting 6. What is Tarsh Thekaekara mainly worried about according to paragraph 5? A. Public parks in India. B. Impacts of climate change. C. A harmful foreign grass. D. Human-elephant coexistence. 7. Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A news report. B. A guidebook to an exhibition. C. An advertisement. D. An introduction to an organization. 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一个展示印度大象雕塑的展览，目的是提高保护意识，筹集资金，并解决人象共存的问题。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The real-life elephants of the sculptures are personally known to The Coexistence Collective — the community of around 200 artists in southern India who made them.(这些雕塑所代表的真实大象是南部印度约200名艺术家组成的“The Coexistence Collective”社区成员们所熟悉的)”可知，这些雕塑的原型是The Coexistence Collective社区中认识的真实大象。故选D。 5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面“pushing the animals onto tea and coffee farms where their coexistence with humans has become a genuine challenge(这使得动物们进入茶田和咖啡种植园，在那里它们与人类的共存成为了一个真正的挑战)”以及文章第五段““Lantana has displaced animals across huge areas in India, because it takes over from herbs and bushes that are food for animals,” said Tarsh Thekaekara, a wildlife conservationist specializing in human-elephant relations(野生动物保护主义者塔什·特卡卡拉（Tarsh Thekaekara）说：“Lantana在印度的大片区域内取代了动物们的食草和灌木，因为它占据了原本作为动物食物的草本植物和灌木。”)”可知，Lantana取代了动物的食物，破坏了它们的栖息地。所以“encroaching upon”意为“破坏”。故选B。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Lantana has displaced animals across huge areas in India, because it takes over from herbs and bushes that are food for animals,” said Tarsh Thekaekara, a wildlife conservationist specializing in human-elephant relations. “40 to 50% of many Indian parks are taken over by it.”(野生动物保护主义者塔什·特卡卡拉（Tarsh Thekaekara）说：“Lantana在印度的大片区域内取代了动物们的食草和灌木，因为它占据了原本作为动物食物的草本植物和灌木。印度许多公园的40%到50%都被它占据了。”)”可知，Tarsh Thekaekara主要担心的是一种外来草类植物Lantana。故选C。   【7题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，以及第一段“Visitors will be able to get close to — and even touch — 100 life-size sculptures of Indian elephants which are beginning a cross-country journey that aims to raise awareness about conservation.(游客将能够接近甚至触摸到100个真人大小的印度象雕塑，这些雕塑正在开始一场旨在提高保护意识的越野之旅)”可知，本文介绍了一个关于大象雕塑的展览及其背后的环保意义，最有可能出自新闻报道。故选A。 C For the technically minded, GPT-4o is a significant change. Before it, the primary way of interacting with ChatGPT was to type text-based questions and wait for text-based responses. Although a voice assistant was available, it was painfully slow and unnatural. I have tried, in recent months, to get ChatGPT to help me learn German. But the delays between me asking questions and ChatGPT's response, often in incomprehensible and unaccented American English, made it next to useless. By contrast, the live-streamed demonstration published earlier this week, showed that the new AI model could analyze code, translate languages between two speakers or guide users through a basic math problem written down on a piece of paper, all seemingly in real time. It even laughed in response to a joke. According to its maker, OpenAI, this is the new normal: an AI model that can reason across audio, vision and text in real time. It appears to be another significant step towards turning science fiction into science fact. That's great news for OpenAI, a company already valued at more than $80 billion. It's also good news for others in the AI industry who are trying to apply it into every aspect of our lives. But it's less good for ordinary users. The ease to use helps us forget its original name, dating back to 1956: artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is certainly artificial. It's not yet intelligent — and arguably never will be even if the smooth interactivity that OpenAI has laboured hard to enable does well to paper over the cracks of the underlying technology. When ChatGPT first made its appearance in November 2022, those who had been following the technology for decades pointed out that Al in its current form was little more than pattern-matching technology. So try ChatGPT by all means, and play about with its voice and video interactions. But bear in mind its limitations, and that this thing isn't intelligent, but it certainly is artificial, no matter how much it pretends not to be. 8. What does the author think of the AI models before GPT-4o? A. Dangerous. B. Intelligent. C. Convenient. D. Unhelpful. 9. What is the second paragraph mainly about? A. The new trend of AI models. B. GPT-4o’s improved functions. C. GPT-4o’s possible applications. D. Doubts about the new AI model. 10. When did the term “artificial intelligence” come into existence? A. In the 1950s. B. In the 1960s. C. In the 2000s. D. In the 2020s. 11. What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A. AI will be smarter than humans. B. We should stay away from ChatGPT. C. We shouldn’t be too optimistic about AI. D. ChatGPT will be more intelligent in the future. 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. A 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了ChatGPT的改进和局限性。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Before it, the primary way of interacting with ChatGPT was to type text-based questions and wait for text-based responses. Although a voice assistant was available, it was painfully slow and unnatural. I have tried, in recent months, to get ChatGPT to help me learn German. But the delays between me asking questions and ChatGPT's response, often in incomprehensible and unaccented American English, made it next to useless.”（在此之前，与ChatGPT交互的主要方式是键入基于文本的问题，然后等待基于文本的响应。虽然有语音助手，但速度慢得令人痛苦，而且不自然。最近几个月，我试着让ChatGPT帮我学习德语。但是，在我提问和ChatGPT回复之间的延迟，通常是用听不懂、没有口音的美式英语，使得它几乎毫无用处。）可知，作者认为在GPT-4o之前，AI模式是无用处的。故选D项。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“By contrast, the live-streamed demonstration published earlier this week, showed that the new AI model could analyze code, translate languages between two speakers or guide users through a basic math problem written down on a piece of paper, all seemingly in real time. It even laughed in response to a joke.”（相比之下，本周早些时候发布的直播演示显示，新的人工智能模型可以分析代码，翻译两个人之间的语言，或者引导用户完成写在纸上的基本数学问题，所有这些似乎都是实时的。它甚至因为一个笑话而笑了起来。）可知，第二段展示了GPT-4o的改进功能。故选B项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The ease to use helps us forget its original name, dating back to 1956: artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is certainly artificial.”（易用性让我们忘记了它最初的名字，可以追溯到1956年:人工智能。）可知，“artificial intelligence”这个术语起源于20世纪50年代。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“But bear in mind its limitations, and that this thing isn't intelligent, but it certainly is artificial, no matter how much it pretends not to be.”（但是请记住它的局限性，这个东西不是智能的，但是它肯定是人造的，不管它多么假装不是）可知，最后一段作者提醒读者要注意AI的局限性，尽管它看起来很智能，但实际上只是模式匹配技术，因此我们不应对AI过于乐观。故选C项。 D The idea that birth order influences a child's personality might be as old as people themselves Many modern scientists still refuse to break up with the popular theory. Frank Sulloway is one of them. In the 1990s and 2000s, he claimed that he found a tendency for conservative research among famous firstborn scientists while more radical (激进的) research, such as the theory of evolution and relativity, was more common among famous scientists born later in their families. He also found similar differences among military and political leaders. But more recent studies throw cold water on the theory. Rodica Damian, a professor of psychology at the University of Houston, conducted one of the largest such studies in 2015, using data from over 440, 000 US high school students. After controlling for socioeconomic status, sex and age, the study showed that the association between birth order and personality was as close to zero. Another 2015 study confirmed Damian's findings. After analyzing three nationally representative samples from the US, the UK and Germany, the researchers wrote “We consistently found no birth-order effects on personality.” However, both teams did find evidence for one quality that would please the firstborns. The studies each showed that they were slightly more likely to have higher verbal intelligence. “This doesn't necessarily mean that firstborns are smarter or learn more easily,” Damian wrote. “More likely, it's because firstborns spend more time around adults in their early childhood.” Then why does the birth order theory still appeal to the public as well as some researchers? “Part of the reason may have to do with our own experiences that will always appear to support it,” Damian explained. “Firstborns usually seem to be more responsible because they are more developmentally mature.” Indeed, the science of personality development is anything but settled. Modern research using twin studies suggests that personality formation is about 40 percent due to DNA. The rest may be a matter of a complex combination of environment and cultural practices that help shape the personality with which we're born. 12. Which statement might Frank Sulloway agree with according to the text? A. Young scientists are more creative B. Firstborns are more likely to take risks. C. The theory of relativity was once considered radical. D. We shouldn't trust radical military and political leaders 13. What did the two 2015 studies find? A. Firstborns had much higher verbal intelligence B. Birth order hardly had a lasting effect on personality. C. Birth order affected children's emotional intelligence. D. Firstborns enjoyed spending more time around adults. 14. What can be inferred from paragraph 4? A. Firstborns are cleverer and can learn much faster. B. Firstborns are more talkative than the younger ones C. Firstborns are usually more responsible and successful. D. Firstborn babies usually get more attention from the family 15. According to the twin studies, personality is _________. A. influenced by a series of factors B. usually decided by the environment C. decisively shaped by cultural practices D. mainly determined by the biological factor 【答案】12. A 13. A 14. D 15. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了对“出生顺序影响孩子性格的观点”的不同观点。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Frank Sulloway is one of them. In the 1990s and 2000s, he claimed that he found a tendency for conservative research among famous firstborn scientists while more radical（激进的） research, such as the theory of evolution and relativity, was more common among famous scientists born later in their families.”（他发现著名的科学家中，长子更倾向于保守的研究，而后出生的科学家更倾向于激进的研究，如进化论和相对论。）可知，C选项“年轻的科学家更有创造力”是Frank Sulloway可能同意的。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The studies each showed that they were slightly more likely to have higher verbal intelligence.”（两项研究都表明，长子长女更有可能拥有更高的语言智力。）可知，长子长女的语言智力要高得多。故选A项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段 ““This doesn't necessarily mean that firstborns are smarter or learn more easily,” Damian wrote. “More likely, it's because firstborns spend more time around adults in their early childhood.””（ 达米安写道:“这并不一定意味着长子长女更聪明或更容易学习。”“更有可能的是，这是因为长子长女在童年早期和成年人在一起的时间更多。”） 可知，长子长女通常会得到家人更多的关注。故选D项。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Modern research using twin studies suggests that personality formation is about 40 percent due to DNA. The rest may be a matter of a complex combination of environment and cultural practices that help shape the personality with which we're born.”（利用双胞胎研究的现代研究表明，性格形成大约40%是由DNA决定的。剩下的可能是环境和文化习俗的复杂结合，它们帮助塑造了我们与生俱来的个性。）可知，性格的形成受一系列因素影响。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There’s no shortage of tricks for improving mental health. But many of them are not yet well understood. Here are some of the tried-and-true things that you can turn to. ___16___ Surely it is not surprising that getting outside is first on this list. There’s strong evidence that it really can help reduce stress and improve mood. For example, researchers have found that looking at complex patterns found in flowers, mountains, ocean waves and other elements of nature can lead to more a-waves in your brain that are associated with relaxation. ___17___ . For instance, you can open a window to let in fresh air or use nature-inspired scents (气味). Tidy up your space Getting organized won’t help with serious depression. ___18___ . In addition, it can also enhance your productivity at the office and greatly improve the quality of your life if you can learn how to declutter and become organized. Plan a trip Taking a vacation is not a new idea when it comes to boosting your mental health. But what if you don’t have the means or the time? ___19___. Research shows that anticipating a trip can increase a person’s happiness. Go for a bike ride Of course, any kind of exercise is good for your mental health. But researchers say that bike riding is one of the best physical activities you can do to feel better. ___20___ . A. Spend more time in nature B. Put these tips into practice immediately C. But it can make a difference for your mental health D. Maybe it’s time to start planning a trip to one of the hot spots E. Well, it turns out that even just planning a vacation can help a lot F. If you’re unable to get outdoors, there are still helpful things you can do G. Those who just cycle once a week report much higher levels of mental well-being 【答案】16. A 17. F 18. C 19. E 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种经过验证的改善心理健康的方法，包括亲近自然、整理空间、计划旅行和骑自行车等。 【16题详解】 下文“Surely it is not surprising that getting outside is first on this list. There’s strong evidence that it really can help reduce stress and improve mood.(毫无疑问，出门在外是这个列表中的第一项。有强有力的证据表明，它确实可以帮助减轻压力，改善情绪。)”说明本段所给建议为出门接触自然，这样可以帮助减轻压力，改善情绪。所以A项“多花时间在大自然中”适合作本段的主旨句，统领全段。故选A。 【17题详解】 下文“For instance, you can open a window to let in fresh air or use nature-inspired scents (气味).(例如，你可以打开窗户让新鲜空气进来，或者使用一些源于自然的香味)”说明即使不能出门也可以做的与自然相关的事情。空处引出下文中的例子，说明不必出门也可接触大自然。所以F项“如果你不能到户外去，你仍然可以做一些有益的事情”符合语境。故选F。 【18题详解】 上文“Getting organized won’t help with serious depression.(整理有序并不会对严重的抑郁有所帮助)”以及下文“In addition, it can also enhance your productivity at the office and greatly improve the quality of your life if you can learn how to declutter and become organized.(此外，如果你能学会整理和变得有条理，它还可以提高你在办公室的生产力，并极大地改善你的生活质量)”说明整理有序虽然不会对严重的抑郁症有帮助，但是却对心理健康有积极影响。空处承上启下，和前文形成转折关系，并引出下文。所以C项“但这会对你的心理健康产生影响”符合语境，该项中的C项中的it指代前文中的“Getting organized ”。故选C。 【19题详解】 上文“Of course, any kind of exercise is good for your mental health. But researchers say that bike riding is one of the best physical activities you can do to feel better.(休假对于提升心理健康来说并不是一个新主意。但如果你没有条件或者时间呢？)”以及下文“Research shows that anticipating a trip can increase a person's happiness.(研究表明，预测旅行可以增加一个人的幸福感)”说明即使没有时间或手段也可以通过计划旅行来提升心理健康。空处承上启下，需要回答前文中的问题，并引出下文中的“计划旅行”的话题。E项中的“planning a trip”和下文中的“anticipating a trip”相呼应，所以E项“事实证明，即使只是计划一次假期也能有很大帮助”符合语境。故选E。 20题详解】 上文“But researchers say that bike riding is one of the best physical activities you can do to feel better.(但研究人员说，骑自行车是你可以做的最好的身体活动之一，可以让你感觉更好)”说明骑自行车对心理健康是有好处的。空处给出研究的结果，G项中的cycle和前文中的“bike riding”相呼应，说明“那些每周只骑一次自行车的人报告说，他们的心理健康水平要高得多”。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 After William Geil’s historic journey along the Great Wall (1908) and the publication of his book on the subject (1909), many books ___21___ the Great Wall followed. Most of them were in Chinese, while just a handful appeared in English. But the latter (后者) were mainly historical accounts, written by foreign researchers with little field experience of the extensive ___22___ . 70 years later, I became the first foreigner to follow in William Geil’s ___23___ . My years-long ___24___ led to a storehouse of material and knowledge that I have used to ___25___ The Great Wall Explained, which has become a textbook for journalists, filmmakers, students and those planning ___26___ along the Great Wall for more than just a day or so. I knew that it’s easy to write a complex book that readers could not ___27___ , so I tried my best to prioritise accessibility, specifically in order to ___28___ students — in China and around the world — for they are the key to creating a better ___29___ for the Great Wall. I don’t think it will be in ___30___ hands until generations of university students have ___31___ its diversity as a subject for a semester-length period. The book is an explanation of the geography, history, appearance and function of the walls ___32___ in various dynasties. After a brief introduction, I then explain the Great Wall through the ___33___ chapters: Conflict, Construction, Architecture, Operation, Personages, Views and Conservation. ___34___ illustrated with photos that help to explain, the book also ___35___ many self-drawn maps and self-designed charts. 21. A. applying to B. reminding of C. focusing on D. responding to 22. A. ruins B. deserts C. mountains D. farms 23. A. books B. shadows C. notes D. footsteps 24. A. absence B. effort C. education D. war 25. A. write B. teach C. miss D. sell 26. A. lectures B. movies C. trips D. interviews 27. A. afford B. understand C. borrow D. buy 28. A. ignore B. forget C. see D. interest 29. A. plan B. design C. story D. future 30. A. weak B. rough C. safe D. big 31. A. accepted B. studied C. regarded D. served 32. A. built B. restored C. discovered D. damaged 33. A. complex B. following C. new D. confusing 34. A. Barely B. Casually C. Richly D. Similarly 35. A. investigates B. impacts C. defends D. includes 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者自己编写的一本关于长城的书籍《The Great Wall Explained》，解释了编写这本书的动机、过程、目的以及书中的内容结构和特点。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在William Geil的历史性长城之旅(1908年)和他关于长城的书(1909年)出版之后，许多关于长城的书紧随其后。A. applying to申请；B. reminding of提醒；C. focusing on专注于；D. responding to回应。根据前文“After William Geil’s historic journey along the Great Wall (1908) and the publication of his book on the subject (1909)”可知，William Geil出版了他关于长城的书，然后许多关于长城的书紧随其后。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这些英文书籍主要是历史记述，由外国研究者撰写，他们对于这片广阔的遗迹缺乏实地经验。A. ruins遗迹；B. deserts沙漠；C. mountains山脉；D. farms农场。根据前文“But the latter (后者) were mainly historical accounts, written by foreign researchers”可知，英文文章主要是由外国研究人员撰写，推知他们对长城缺乏实地经验，也就是广阔的遗迹。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：70年后，我成为第一个追随威廉·盖尔脚步的外国人。A. books书籍；B. shadows影子；C. notes笔记；D. footsteps脚步。根据前文“William Geil’s historic journey along the Great Wall”可知，William Geil有过长城之旅，此处是追随他的脚步。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，我积累了大量的材料和知识，用来撰写The Great Wall Explained，这本书已经成为记者、电影制作人、学生和那些计划在长城上游览一天以上的人的教科书。A. absence缺席；B. effort努力；C. education教育；D. war战争。根据后文“led to a storehouse of material and knowledge”可知，应是多年的努力积累了大量的材料和知识。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，我积累了大量的材料和知识，用来撰写The Great Wall Explained，这本书已经成为记者、电影制作人、学生和那些计划在长城上游览一天以上的人的教科书。A. write写；B. teach教；C. miss错过；D. sell卖。根据后文“I knew that it’s easy to write a complex book”可知，作者写了一本书。故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的努力，我积累了大量的材料和知识，用来撰写The Great Wall Explained，这本书已经成为记者、电影制作人、学生和那些计划在长城上游览一天以上的人的教科书。A. lectures讲座；B. movies电影；C. trips旅行；D. interviews采访。根据前文“I have used to 　　　5　　　 The Great Wall Explained”可知，作者写了一本关于长城的书，所以应是对那些计划在长城上旅行的人的教科书。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道写一本读者看不懂的复杂的书是很容易的，所以我尽量把可读性放在首位，特别是为了引起中国和世界各地学生的兴趣，因为他们是为长城创造更美好未来的关键。A. afford负担得起；B. understand理解；C. borrow借；D. buy买。根据前文“I knew that it’s easy to write a complex book”可知，复杂的书会让读者看不懂。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道写一本读者看不懂的复杂的书是很容易的，所以我尽量把可读性放在首位，特别是为了引起中国和世界各地学生的兴趣，因为他们是为长城创造更美好未来的关键。A. ignore忽视；B. forget忘记；C. see看到；D. interest使感兴趣。根据前文“I tried my best to prioritise accessibility”可知，作者尽量把可读性放在首位，是为了引起中国和世界各地学生的兴趣。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道写一本读者看不懂的复杂的书是很容易的，所以我尽量把可读性放在首位，特别是为了引起中国和世界各地学生的兴趣，因为他们是为长城创造更美好未来的关键。A. plan计划；B. design设计；C. story故事；D. future未来。根据前文“for they are the key to creating a better”结合选项可知，应是“他们是为长城创造更美好未来的关键”符合语境。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为，在几代大学生花一个学期的时间把它的多样性作为一门学科来研究之前，它是不安全的。A. weak虚弱的；B. rough粗糙的；C. safe安全的；D. big大的。根据前文“students—in China and around the world—for they are the key to creating a better 　　　9　　　 for the Great Wall.”可知，作者认为学生才是为长城创造更美好未来的关键，所以在几代大学生花一个学期的时间把它的多样性作为一门学科来研究之前，它是不安全的。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为，在几代大学生花一个学期的时间把它的多样性作为一门学科来研究之前，它是不安全的。A. accepted接受；B. studied研究；C. regarded视为；D. served服务。根据前文“generations of university students”可知，大学生应是研究它的多样性。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这本书解释了各个朝代修建的城墙的地理、历史、外观和功能。A. built建造；B. restored修复；C. discovered发现；D. damaged损坏。根据前文的wall以及后文的“in various dynasties”可知，应是各个朝代修建的城墙。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在简要介绍之后，我通过以下章节对长城进行了解释：冲突、建设、建筑、运营、人物、景观和保护。A. complex复杂的；B. following之后的，接下来的；C. new新的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据后文“chapters: Conflict, Construction, Architecture, Operation, Personages, Views and Conservation.”可知，作者通过以下章节对长城进行了解释。故选B项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：丰富的图片说明，有助于解释，这本书还包括许多自己绘制的地图和自己设计的图表。A. Barely几乎不；B. Casually随意地；C. Richly丰富地；D. Similarly相似地。根据后文“illustrated with photos that help to explain”结合选项可知，应是“丰富的图片说明，有助于解释”之意。故选C项 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：丰富的图片说明，有助于解释，这本书还包括许多自己绘制的地图和自己设计的图表。A. investigates调查；B. impacts影响；C. defends保卫；D. includes包括。根据后文“many self-drawn maps and self-designed charts”以及空前的also可知，应是“还包括许多自己绘制的地图和自己设计的图表”之意。故选D项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Maybe our hope of one day ___36___ (live) on Mars-like planets lies in a kind of desert moss (苔藓), Syntrichia caninervis, ___37___ can adapt to extreme stress conditions. A group of Chinese scientists ___38___ (experiment) with the moss in Mars-like conditions and found that it was able to survive in such environment. “Looking to the future, we expect that this promising moss could be brought to Mars or Moon to further test the ___39___ (possible) of growth in outer space,” ___40___ researchers wrote in an article published in the journal The Innovation. “This paper is exciting because it ___41___ (show) that the desert moss can survive short exposures to some of the ___42___ (stress) that are likely to be found on Mars, including high levels of radiation, extremely low temperatures and very low oxygen levels,” said moss expert Stuart McDaniel, who was not involved in the study. “ ___43___ particular, the desert moss could play an important role in long-term space travels. Although it is not eatable, it may ___44___ (efficient) turn CO2 and water into oxygen and food that humans need ___45___ (survive).” 【答案】36. living 37. which 38. experimented 39. possibility 40. the 41. shows 42. stresses 43. In 44. efficiently 45. to survive 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了沙漠苔藓在火星环境生存实验及其潜在太空应用。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：也许我们有一天在火星类行星上生活的希望在于一种沙漠苔藓，齿肋赤藓，它能适应极端压力条件。句子谓语动词为lies，空处应填非谓语形式，且作介词of的宾语，表示“生活的希望”，应用动名词形式。故填living。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：也许我们有一天在火星类行星上生活的希望在于一种沙漠苔藓，齿肋赤藓，它能适应极端压力条件。根据空前谓语动词lies和空后谓语动词can adapt to可知，此空引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Syntrichia caninervis，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：一群中国科学家在类似火星的条件下用这种苔藓做实验，发现它能在这样的环境中生存。根据句意和空后and found可知，空处与found为并列谓语，描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，用所给动词experiment“做实验”的过去式形式。故填experimented。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：研究人员在《创新》杂志上发表的文章中写道，“展望未来，我们期望这种有前途的苔藓能被带到火星或月球上，以进一步测试在太空生长的可能性。”。根据句意和空前的定冠词the可知，此处应填名词形式作宾语，possible的名词形式为possibility，表示“可能性”，不可数名词。故填possibility。 【40题详解】 考查冠词。句意：研究人员在《创新》杂志上发表的文章中写道，“展望未来，我们期望这种有前途的苔藓能被带到火星或月球上，以进一步测试在太空生长的可能性。”。此处特指做实验的研究人员，应用定冠词the。故填the。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这篇论文令人兴奋，因为它表明沙漠苔藓可以在短时间内暴露于一些可能在火星上发现的压力下生存，包括高辐射水平、极低温度和非常低的氧气水平。空处是because引导的从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语it为第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：这篇论文令人兴奋，因为它表明沙漠苔藓可以在短时间内暴露于一些可能在火星上发现的压力下生存，包括高辐射水平、极低温度和非常低的氧气水平。根据空前的some of the及空后的定语从句that are likely to be found on Mars可知，空处需用所给名词复数形式stresses，表示“压力”。故填stresses。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：特别是，沙漠苔藓在长途太空旅行中可能发挥重要作用。in particular为固定短语，意为“特别地；尤其”，句首单词首字母大写。故填In。 44题详解】 考查副词。句意：虽然它不能食用，但它可能有效地将二氧化碳和水转化为人类生存所需的氧气和食物。根据句意和空后的动词turn可知，此处应用副词修饰动词turn，表示“有效地”。故填efficiently。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然它不能食用，但它可能有效地将二氧化碳和水转化为人类生存所需的氧气和食物。句子谓语动词为may turn，空处应填非谓语动词，根据空前的that humans need可知，空处需用不定式to survive作目的状语。故填to survive。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，近日参加了学校组织的创意手工作品（handicraft）展并获得了一等奖，外籍笔友David对你的作品很感兴趣，请你给他回一封电子邮件。内容包括： 1. 作品介绍； 2. 你的感受。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80个左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear David, Delighted to know you are interested in the exhibition of creative handmade works held in our school last week, I am writing to share it with you. All works were made by us students, which were created from waste and used materials. I made a shopping bag from a pair of worn-out jeans, spending countless minutes designing, decorating and perfecting it. My works has received lots of likes. I find it enjoyable and meaningful to make handmade works from recyclables. And I’ve developed my innovative ability as well. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外籍笔友David回一封电子邮件，因为你近日参加了学校组织的创意手工作品展并获得了一等奖，他对你的作品很感兴趣。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴：delighted→glad 举行：hold→host 感兴趣：be interested in→take interest in 有趣：enjoyable→pleasant 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I made a shopping bag from a pair of worn-out jeans, spending countless minutes designing, decorating and perfecting it. 拓展句：I made a shopping bag from a pair of worn-out jeans, which I spent countless minutes designing, decorating and perfecting it. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Delighted to know you are interested in the exhibition of creative handmade works held in our school last week, I am writing to share it with you. (运用了省略that的宾语从句) [高分句型2] All works were made by us students, which were created from waste and used materials. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 He was the prettiest homeless dog we had ever seen at the shelter. We immediately fell in love with him and decided to give him a permanent home. Our ten-year-old daughter. Margie, named him Onyx because of his thick, shiny black hair. When we adopted him, Onyx was only ten weeks old and we had no idea that this amazing little baby dog would end up being our hero. As he grew older, Onyx became more and more involved in our family activities. He particularly loved swimming with us on hot summer days. He would float in the river in his own rubber tube（橡皮圈）. Sometimes, he would stand on the top of the tube with a big smile and show off his perfect balance. Otherwise, he would rest his front legs over the edge of the rubber tube and keep his eyes shut as he floated until he had enough of the warm sun on his thick, black coat. One day, Margie announced she was going to swim in the pond in front of our house. But it happened that no one in the family was free to go swimming with her that day. The unwritten rule in my family, regardless of swimming ability, was to have a companion in the water. I was not a good swimmer, so I said to Margie, “Take Onyx with you.” Having heard his name, Onyx jumped to his feet and was ready for action. Margie signaled him to follow and they rushed to the water together. However, I still felt uneasy at the moment. I went to the doorway and watched them reach the pond. They rested on the shore for a few minutes before diving into the water and started swimming side by side. Suddenly I heard Margie calling out, “Help! My leg hurts!” 注意：1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Seeing my daughter struggling in the water, I dashed to the pond. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After they were sale on the shore, I hugged Onyx and my daughter tightly. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My heart skipped a beat as panic surged through me. But I was not a good swimmer, so I dared not go into the water to save Margie, just stoping on the bank anxiously. Just then, Onyx, sensing Margie's danger, immediately swam closer to her, barking and nudging her leg gently with her nose. With remarkable agility, Onyx supported Margie, allowing her to rest her weight on the dog while she massaged her cramped leg. Onyx's quick thinking and unwavering loyalty had saved Margie from a potentially dangerous situation. With tears of gratitude in my eyes, I hugged Onyx tightly again and again, realizing that she truly was our hero in every sense of the word. Onyx raised his head and wagged his tail, apparently feeling honored for her bravery. From then on, Every time Magi went swimming, she took Onyx with her. We were certainly relieved to have Onyx by her side. 【解析】 【导语】本文以小狗Onyx为线索展开，讲述了作者一家收养了一只流浪狗，并给她取名Onyx，Onyx特别喜欢在炎热的夏天和他们一起游泳。一天，作者的女儿Margie游泳时，因为腿疼，有了危险，是Onyx将女儿救上岸。这只神奇的小狗最终成为他们的英雄。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“看到女儿在水里挣扎，我冲到池塘边。”可知，第一段可描写作者冲到池塘边，却因为自己不擅长游泳不敢下水救Margie，关键时刻Onyx冲下去，将Margie救上岸。 ②由第二段首句内容“他们上岸后，我紧紧地拥抱了Onyx和我的女儿。”可知，第二段可描写作者对Onyx的感激之情，以及Onyx的表现。 2.续写线索：作者冲到池塘边——不敢下水——Onyx下水——救女儿上岸——作者感激 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①救：save/rescue/come to one’s rescue ②意识到：sense/be aware of/realize ③抬起头：raise her head/hold up her head 情绪类 ①感谢：gratitude/appreciation ②不安地：anxiously/with anxiety 【点睛】[高分句型1] Just then, Onyx, sensing Margie's danger, immediately swam closer to her, barking and nudging her leg gently with her nose.（运用了现在分词sensing, barking and nudging作状语） [高分句型2] With tears of gratitude in my eyes, I hugged Onyx tightly again and again, realizing that she truly was our hero in every sense of the word.（运用了with复合结构和that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$