2025年中考英语专题:代词讲解与训练

2024-09-17
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Don’t put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事,今日毕。 专题:代词 考点一 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词 (1) 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。人称代词的格有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语,这一考点成了考查代词的主要形式之一。 具体内容见下表: 数 人称 主格 宾格 单数 第一人称 I me 第二人称 you you 第三人称 he him she her it it 复数 第一人称 we us 第二人称 you you 第三人称 they them 【注意】人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序:单数形式(二、三、一):you and I;you,he/she and I;复数形式(一、二、三):we and you;we and they;we,you and they。但承担责任时总是第一人称在前。 (二)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词,有人称和数之分。具体内容见下表: 单数 复数 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 如:My books are on the desk.Where are yours? (三)反身代词是人称代词的强调形式,一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下,或用来强调某人亲自怎样。它有人称和数的变化,可以在句中作宾语、同位语。具体内容见下表:   人称 数   第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves 反身代词的常见搭配: enjoy oneself玩得高兴,过得愉快 hurt oneself伤着自己 teach oneself = learn…by oneself自学(all) by oneself (完全)独立地 help oneself to请自便,随便吃……look after oneself自理,照顾自己 leave one by oneself把……单独留下lose oneself in陶醉于……,沉浸于…… 考点二 不定代词 (一)普通不定代词的用法 1.some与any some和any均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。但在疑问句中,当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。 2.many与much many修饰可数名词复数,much修饰不可数名词,它们都可以与表示程度的副词so,too,as,how连用。 3.either与neither (1)either指两个人或物中的“一个”, neither指两个人或物中“一个也不”,常构成固定搭配:either/neither of+名词/代词的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数形式)。 (2)当either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 如:Either you or I am going there tomorrow.明天要么你去那里,要么我去那里。 Neither dad nor mum is at home today.今天父母都不在家。 4.both与all both表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指“三者或三者以上都”,常与of连用。 5.each与every each和every都表示“每一个”。each用作形容词、代词,可单独使用;every仅作定语,不可单独使用。each强调个体,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;every强调整体情况,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用单数形式。each后可接of短语,every后不可接of短语。另外,each可指两个或两个以上的人或物中的“每一个”,而every只可指三个或三个以上的人或物中的“每一个”。6.(a) few与(a) little (a) few与可数名词复数连用,(a) little与不可数名词连用。few和little表示否定意义,指“几乎没有”;a few和a little表示肯定意义,指“有一些”,相当于some。 7.other,the other,others,the others与another 不定代词 意义 用法 other 另外的 只作定语,其后常接复数名词。 the other 两者中的 另一个 常用结构:one…the other…(两者中)一个……另一个……;其后接复数名词时,表示“其余的全部”。 others 另一些 常用结构:some…others…一些……另一些……;泛指别的人或物,但不是全部,不能作定语。 the others 其余的 特指其余所有的人或物,等于the other+复数名词。 another 另一个 指三者或三者以上中的任何一个。 Do you have any other questions?你还有其他问题吗? He has two daughters.One is a nurse, and the other is an editor. 他有两个女儿。一个是护士,一个是编辑。 Some of us like singing and dancing;others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动。 Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里。 I don't like this one.Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个。请给我看看另一个。 (二)复合不定代词的用法 somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 nobody 没有人 everybody 每个人 someone 某人 anyone 任何人 no one 没有人 everyone 每个人 something 某事 anything 任何事 nothing 没有东西 everything 每一件事 1.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语,不能作定语。作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。 2.在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是指人的复合不定代词时,疑问部分的主语通常用代词they;当陈述部分的主语是指物的复合不定代词时,疑问部分的主语通常用代词it。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须放在这些词的后面。 4.everyone的意思等同于everybody,只能指人,其后不能接of短语;every one既可指人也可指物,还可以和of连用。 考点三 指示代词、it的用法 (一)指示代词包括:this,that,these,those。 1.this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人,that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。 2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 如:I had a cold.That's why I didn't come. 3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。 如:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 4. this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。 如:Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking? (二)it的用法 1.指代前面提到过的事物。 如:The book on the desk is not mine. It is Jim's. 2. 代替指示代词this或that。 如:—What is that?—It's a pen. 3. 代替婴儿或者不明身份的人。 如:Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who it is. 4. 指代时间或季节。 如:It's ten o'clock now. 5. 指代天气。 如:It's sunny today. 6. 指代距离。 如:How far is it from your school to your home? 7.用于以下固定句型中: (1)It is+形容词+for/of sb. to do sth.。 如:It's difficult for me to work out this problem. It's kind of you to help me with my English. (2) It's time to do/for/that…是时候做……了。 如:It's time to go to bed.该睡觉了。 (3) It seems/appears that…看来/似乎…… 如:It seems that you're right. (4) It's one's turn to do…轮到某人做…… 如:It's our turn to clean the classroom. (5) It's+形容词+that 从句。 如:It's natural that he (should) change his mind. (6) It's said/reported that…据说/据报道…… 如:It's said that she won the first prize. (7) I think/find it+形容词+to do…(it作形式宾语)。 如:I think it necessary to learn a foreign language. 【注意】it与one的区别:it是特指上下文提到的同一事物。one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个,同类而不同一。 考点四 疑问代词 疑问代词 基本用法 例句 who 意为“谁”,作主语、表语、宾语。 Who are you talkingto? whom 意为“谁”,作宾语,是who的宾格。 With whom did you go shopping? whose 意为“谁的”,作主语、表语、宾语、定语,是who的所有格。 Whose shirt is this? which 对确定范围内的“哪一个”提问,作主语、表语、宾语、定语。 Which way did theygo? what 对不确定范围内的“哪一个”提问,意为“什么”,作主语、表语、宾语、定语。 What kind of movie do you like best? Ⅰ.单项选择。 ( )1.—Do you know where the last two pictures went? —A millionaire bought ________ of them.He though they were worth. A.either B.each C.none D.both ( )2.Dumplings are very delicious.________ of my parents like them. A.All B.Both C.None D.Neither ( )3.________ lives together with Mrs.Black.She lives alone. A.Somebody B.Anybody C.Nobody D.Everybody ( )4.—Who's your English teacher?—Miss Gao.She teaches ________ English very well. A.our B.us C.ours D.we ( )5.—I can't find my English book.Have you seen ________? —Oh, sorry.I have taken ________ by mistake. A.them; my B.them; your C.it; mine D.it; yours ( )6.—Lisa, don't let ________ in.I am too busy to meet anyone this morning.—OK.I _______. A.nobody; will B.anybody; won't C.somebody; don't D.anybody; don't ( )7.—Do you have any interesting news to tell us?—No, ________ much. A.anything B.nothing C.something D.everything ( )8.Warm words can touch not only your heart but also ________. A.me B.my C.myself D.mine ( )9.—Which club do you want to join, the chess club or the swimming club? —________.I want to join the basketball club. A.Neither B.Both C.All D.Either ( )10.A robot show will be held in July, but ________ knows the date for sure. A.nobody B.everybody C.anybody D.Somebody 参考答案:DBCBD BBDAA Ⅱ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次。 they each other any other I something nobody another that myself all 1.—Would you like __________ cup of tea? —Thank you.I've just had one. 2.Is there __________ special in his painting? 3.Though we are from everywhere, we should help ______ ________. 4.Parents should ask ______ children to behave politely in public. 5.Let's listen to music to relax ____________ after a busy day. 6.__________ can speak Spanish.Let's ask Mr.Zhang. 7.The weather here is much warmer than ______ in Changchun. 8.—Is this your English book? —No, it isn't.________ is in my schoolbag. 9.Not ____ the villagers are poor.We should help those in real need. 10.My brother is taller than ______ ________ boy in his class. 参考答案:another;anything;each other;their;ourselves;Nobody;that;Mine;all;any other; 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2025年中考英语专题:代词讲解与训练
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2025年中考英语专题:代词讲解与训练
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2025年中考英语专题:代词讲解与训练
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