Unit1 Laugh out loud! Using language 非限制性定语从句课件-2024-2025学年高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第一册

Unit1 Laugh out loud Lesson2 Non-defining attributive clauses 在句中起定语的作用、修饰句子中的名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。作用相当于一个形容词。 回顾定语从句 关系代词： that，who, whom whose, which, as 关系副词：when, where，why 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 He is the teacher who helped me. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 定语从句的结构： 　　　 先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句 4 He is the teacher who helped me. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 非限制性定语从句 6 I like the boy. I like the boy who is cleaning the room. I like John, who is cleaning the room. 限制性定语从句 修饰限制先行词 翻译为“的” 非限制性定语从句 补充说明主句 翻译时另起一句 Non-defining attributive clause 非限定从 1. 形式和功能不同 限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，如果把从句去掉,句意会发生变化，甚至不能成立； 非限制性定语从句的主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，省略从句对句意没有太大影响。 8 My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day. 既然需要限定，说明我的姐姐很多，除了在上海工作的姐姐，还有其他姐姐，删去后从句表意不明。 我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 （限制性定语从句） Examples My sister, who works in Shanghai, sends me an email almost every day. 既然不需要限定，说明我只有一个姐姐，删去从句后句意依然明确。 我姐姐在上海工作，几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。 （非限制性定语从句） 9 2. 翻译不同 翻译时，一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前； 而非限制性定语从句通常与主句分开翻译。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 （限制性定语从句） I’ve invited Mary, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了Mary，她就住在隔壁。 (非限制性定语从句) 10 3. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词常常是名词或代词； 非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或整个句子。 He who laughs last, laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁就笑得最好。 先行词是代词 （限制性定语从句） 11 Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. Charles Smith去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 （非限制性定语从句） They rely on themselves, which is much better. 他们依靠自己，这样好得多。 （非限制性定语从句） 先行词是名词 先行词是句子 12 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性 非限制性 形式上 不用逗号 用逗号 意义上 去掉后主句意思不完整 去掉后主句意思完整 作用 修饰限制 补充说明 先行词 词(n/pron)/短语 词/短语/整个主句 关系词 关代作宾时可省 whom作宾时可用who代 不用that, why引导 所有关代均不可省 翻译 先译从句再译先行词， ……的…… 先译先行词后译从句，形成两个分句 关系词 指人 指物 所属 限制性 who, whom, that which, that, as whose 非限制性 who, whom which, as whose This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. The young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress. (改错) I had to fix my printer, that I bought less than a year ago. which 非限制性定语从句需要注意的问题 1.非限制性定语从句常常位于句末,但也可位于句中, 这时前后都需要用逗号隔开。 The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些孩子都想踢足球,（因而）因下雨感到失望。 2.“介词+关系代词”也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 先行词指人时关系代词用whom,不可用who/that;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,不能用that。 As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history. She is a great hero, as is described in the report. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 观察并思考：关系词as和which的区别？ 归纳 3： as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时可代替整个主句。 as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同: as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______________________________。 句首、句中、句后 句首，只能放在句中、句后 注意： as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于下列一些固定结构中: a) as is expected (不出所料);b) as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的) ; c) as we all know/as is known to all( 众所周知) ;d) as is reported (正如所报道的) ; e)as is often the case (这是常有的事)等。 As 1.____ everyone can see, she is always working hard. Click on the picture to check the answer 这里的两个选项设置了超链接，如果页数有变动，需重新调整。 点击选项-右键-编辑超链接-对应的页码 Practice 1. Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free. (2020江苏卷) A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 2. In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020全国卷III) whose 3. Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. (2020全国卷II 短文改错) 4. Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation. (2020全国卷III 短文改错) which that One day, Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson go camping. They put up their tent（帐篷） under the stars and go to sleep. Suddenly, in the middle of the night, Watson is woken up by Holmes1__________________________. , who is lying next to him “Watson,” Holmes says, “look up at the stars, and tell me what they tell you." Not quite sure what he means, Watson thinks Holmes is joking 2_____________________ , which he finds annoying Check the answers at this time of night. Even so, he replies, “I see millions of stars and it’s quite likely there are some planets like Earth. And if so, this means that there might also be life on other planets.” Watson is pleased with his answer 3________________________________. But Holmes , which he thinks will impress Holmes , who has lost his patience by now 4__________________________________ shouts, “Watson, look around you! Use your eyes! Somebody’s stolen our tent!” $$