Unit 2基础知识梳理 2024-2025学年牛津上海版（试用本）八年级英语上册

基础知识梳理 课前复习： 1. 我自己的房间 2. 独自地；靠自己 3. 区别：How long How far How often How soon 4. 物理课程 5. 在读大学 6. 元音字母开头却发辅音的单词 7. 辅音字母开头却发元音的单词 8. 发元音的字母 Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）： ( ) 1. Linda always takes ______ active part in sports after school. A. / B. a C. an D. the ( ) 2. There is _________ “m” in the word “kilometer”._ A. the B. an C. a D. / ( ) 3. You know Germany is ___________European country. A. the B. / C. a D. an ( ) 4. There is__________ “u” in the word “Europe”._ A. a B./ C. an D. the ( ) 5. What ___________ honest girl Jane is! A. a B. / C. the D. an ( ) 6. There are_______ few mistakes in your composition. Don't make_______ same ones again, please. A. a; the 　　 B. a; a 　　 C. the; the 　　 D. /; / ( ) 7. The workers in that factory are paid by_______ hour. A. a 　　 B. an 　　 C. the 　　 D. / ( ) 8. ______ old lady in brown is ______ university professor. A. An…a B. An…/ C. The…an D. The…a ( ) 9. What does __________ “O” mean in “WTO”? A. the B. an C. a D. / ( ) 10. There is _________ “m” in the word “kilometer”.__________ “m” is the fifth letter. A. the…A B. the…An C. a…The D. an…The ( ) 11. Don’t take _________ basketball away. We are going to play _________ basketball soon. A. the…the B. the…/ C. a…the D. /…/ 重要词汇important words introduce v. 介绍；引进 词性转换：_______________ n. 引言 similar adj. 相似的 短语：__________________ 和…是相似的 词性转换：similarity n. 相似点 ( ) Twins are usually similar ___________ each other. A) to B) as C) in D) for expect v. 期待 词性转换：_______________ n. 期待 _______________adj. 预期的 _______________adj. 出乎意料的 短语：___________________ 期待做某事=__________________ I expect to achieve A grades in all my subjects. （保持句意相同） I _____________ ____________ to achieving A grades in all my subjects. successful adj. 成功的 词性转换：_______________ n. 成功 _______________v. 成功 _______________adj. 成功地 短语：___________________ = __________________成功做成某事 1. Lin Dan succeeded in ________ a gold medal in 2012 Lodon Olympic Games. A) win B) won C) to win D) winning 2. Little James ___________ (successful) in swimming across the river last year. 3. She has finished writing three computer games （success） 4. No one can achieve ___________ (successful) without hard work. business n. 生意（不可数）；公司（可数） 词性转换：_________________ adj. 忙碌的 _________________ n. 商人 短语：_____________________一个家族公司 _____________________在出差 ______________________忙于… ( ) My brother is the manager of the company. “Company” means______. A. sales B. computer C. business D. club manager n. 经理 词性转换：_________________v. 管理；经营=_________ _________________ n. 管理；经营 短语：_____________________设法做成某事=____________________ Mr. Brown is one of the (manage) of the shopping center. responsible adj. 负责的 词性转换：_________________ n. 责任=duty 短语：_____________________责任感 _____________________对…负责 1. Wendy Wang's mum is in charge of the sales of computer games. （保持句意基本不变） Wendy Wang's mum ________ ________ of the sales of computer games. 2. Parents are responsible _____after their children now. A. to look B. to looking C. for looking D. for look sell v. 卖 词性转换：_________________n. 卖方 _________________ n. 销售；销量；销售额 短语：_____________________在打折 _____________________待售 1. At Christmas, all kinds of things are on________ in big department stores. （sell） 2. His job is to (sale) second-hand cars. achieve v. 获得；得到=get 词性转换：_________________ n.成就 短语：_____________________实现某人的梦想/目标 fail v. 失败 词性转换：_________________ n. 失败 短语：_____________________做某事失败=be unable to do sth 谚语：Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。 1. Tom was still on the way to school, because he (failure) to catch the first bus. 2. Tom failed to catch the smart mouse Jerry again (改为反意疑问句) Tom failed to catch the smart mouse Jerry again，________ __________？ 3. Don’t give up easily, (fail) is the mother of success. 二、短语及句型phrases and sentences must be can’t be 1. Look! The light is on. She ______ be at home. A. can B. must C. need D. should 2. I saw Linda in the zoo minutes ago. She __________ be at home now. A. can’t B. must C. may D. mustn’t put on wear It's time to go to school.　　　　your school uniform and don’t be late. A) Wear 　 B) Put on 　 C)Dress 　 D)Dress up 受…欢迎 A survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were among the five Beijing Olympic mascots(吉祥物). A) popular B) more popular C) most popular D) the most popular 在早饭期间 in our family car 1. --- How does your mother go to work every day? --- _____. A. By a car. B. By cars. C. In her car. D. By the car. 2. I always go to school in our family car. (划线提问) _________ _______ you always go to school ? （建议5-10分钟） Choose the best answer.（选择最恰当的答案。）（共18分） 1 Although Wendy owns his own business, she is still at_______ school. A an B a C the D / 2 Wendy doesn’t drive______ to school because she has a driver. A she B her C hers D herself 3 You _______ much money to keep yourself happy. A needn’t to B don’t need C don’t need to D can’t 4 Wendy and her family discuss the business _____ breakfast and dinner. A in B over C on D at 5 Wendy has sold out over _______ computer games. A a half million B half a million C half a millions D a half million 6 Wendy lost her car. She ______ be very unhappy by now. A should B must C can D may 7 After school Wendy usually _______ violin lessons. A has B is having C will have D has had 8 It’s raining outside. Please _______ your raincoat before you go out. A wear B dress C put on D take off 9 We will continue ________ our project on Sunday. A do B doing C did D done 10 Wendy achieves A grades in all her subjects. The underlined part ’achieves’ means_____ . A goes to B goes on C gets D grows 11 The boy ________ at home as nobody answers the door. A must be B mustn’t be C can be D can’t be 12 The baby is sleeping. Please ________ the radio a little. A turn on B turn off C turn up D turn down 13 I hear he has already gone to Paris ________ business. A in B with C at D on 14 It’s quite important for us to ________ in English when we learn English.\ A speak B say C talk D tell 15 Since the weather ________ cold, the homeless shelters have become more crowded. A had got B has got C got D gets 16 A survey shows that most students expect ________ less homework and more sleep. A have B having C to have D had 17 -Do you mind my seating here? -________. No one is seated. A Better not B Never mind C Of course not D That’s right Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。）（共5分） 1 My uncle used to grow a lot of vegetables and went to town to ____________ (sale) them in the market. 2 Wendy’s parents both worked in their family ____________ (busy). 3 How often do you do____________ (physics) exercise or sports? 4 It is ____________ (bore) to listen to the same story. 5 When she grows up, she wants to be a ____________ (success) businesswoman. 6 We're going on holiday soon,_____________ (probable)next month 7 _________is the mother of success.(fail) 8 We often help those ______in our school library keep books in order.(assist) 9 I was a little nervous before the concert. _______I still got the prize.(luck) Rewrite the sentences as required.（按要求改写下列句子，每空格限填一个单词。） 1 Li Hua does his homework at seven in the morning.（改为否定句） Li Hua ____________ ____________ his homework at seven in the morning. 2 Wendy achieved A grades in all subjects.（改一般疑问句） ____________ Wendy____________ A grades in all subjects?. 3 My brother goes to the library four times a month.（就划线部分提问） ____________ ____________ does your brother go to the library? 4 Wendy has been to Australia five times.（就划线部分提问） How____________ ____________ has Wendy been to Australia ? 5 Li Ming wasn’t able to pass the Maths test.（保持原句意思不变） Li Ming ____________ ____________ pass the Maths test. 6 Mr Zhang has been a teacher since he came back China.(划线提问) ______ _______has Mr Zhang been a teacher . 7 Tom ran so fast that he won first prize.(保持原意) Tom ran______ _____ to win first prize. 8 I know only a little about it.(对划线部分提问) ______ _______do you know about it? 9 Li Ming wasn' t able to pass the maths test.(保持原句意思) Li Ming ______ _____ pass the maths test. 10 among ,world, Shanghai,the, cities, the, famous, most, is, in(连词成句) __________________________________________________________ 现在完成时 目标一：掌握现在完成时的构成 目标二：掌握现在完成时的用法 目标三：掌握现在完成时短暂性动词与延续性动词的转变 目标四：掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 【目标一：现在完成时构成】 句式 构成 缩写 含义 肯定式 have/has+过去分词 主语’s / 主语’ve She has/ She’s lost her books． 否定式 have/has+not+过去分词 haven’t/ hasn’t They haven’t had lunch. 一般疑问式 have/has提前 无 Have you ever won any prizes before? have ／has是________动词, 没有什么具体意义。 当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用______， 其余人称一律用__________。 基础操作： 1) They have found the lost book. _________ they ___________ the lost book? Yes, they _________./ No, they ___________. 2) She has read some of Luxun’s books. _______she _______ ______ of Luxun’s books? Yes, she _________. / No, she __________. 【目标二：现在完成时的用法】 · 用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 e.g: The bottle is empty. I _____________(drink) all the milk. The book was here just now, but it isn’t here now. Who __________(take ) it? Who __________(clean) the room? It’s so clean. She doesn’t want to eat anything. because she ___________(eat) much food. · 表达这种含义的标志词： 标志词 用法（在什么句） 含义 举例 already 已经 He has already cleaned his room. yet 已经 还 Has he cleaned his room yet? He hasn’t finished his project. just[ 刚刚 Linda has just reached Hong Kong. 进阶操作： I have already done my homework. ( 改为否定句和一般疑问句) _________ you _________ _________ homework ____________? I ___________ ___________ my homework ____________. · 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 标志词 用法（在什么句） 含义 举例 ever 曾经 I have ever tried Japanese food. never 从未 I have never been to Australia. before 以前 He has done such a job before. upgrade操作2.0： _________you _________ _______ to this song ____________? 你以前可曾听过这首歌？ I _________ ________ ________ to her ____________. 我以前未曾和她说过话。 He _______ _________ ________ Guangdong food __________.他以前从未吃过广东菜。 · 表示某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次以动作发生的次数为标志。 I ________ __________ to the music three times ___________.这首音乐我以前听过三次。 _________ he __________ the book twice?这本书他读过两遍了吗？ before作为副词，常与ever，never已及twice, three times等连用，指过去不确定的某个时间，总是放在句尾。 · 用法二：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至有可能继续延续下去。 标志词 含义 举例 for +时间段 持续了.... I have been loved with him for 10 years. since +过去时间点/ 一般过去时态的从句。 自从 My lovely pet has been dead since 2 months ago. so far/up to now/ in/duing the past/last … 迄今为止 在过去的...中 So far,our country has successfully sent two manned spacecrafts into space. for和since引导的时间可以进行同义转换；对for和since引导的时间状语提问时，疑问词都用 How long 进入大神阶段： Miss Zhang _____________(work) in this school for about three years. We ____________(be) friends since we were children. In the past three years, there _______________(be) great changes in my hometown. I ________ ________ here ________ ten years.我在这儿住了10年了。 You ______ _________ English ________ five years.你们学英语有五年了。 I _______ _______ here _________ ten years _______.我自从10年前就住在这儿了。 You ______ ________ English ________ five years _______.你们自从5年前就学英语了。 Mr Wang ______ ______ in this factory _______ he _______ to this city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。 We _______ ________ over ten English songs _____ _____. 迄今为止，我们已经学了十多首英文歌曲。选出此时此刻你学完现在完成时的心情。 【目标三：延续性动词和短暂性动词】 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 分类 含义 举例 延续性动词 动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响 learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read,sleep, live, stay 短暂性动词 不能延续的动作，发生后立即结束 open, close, finish, begin, come, go，arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy He has died for three years. （ F ）在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能直接和for 或since 连用，要转化成相应的延续性动词或动词短语 He has been dead for three years.  （ T ） He has already died.（ T ） He has been dead.（ T ） 具体短暂性动词转化如下： 1) 变动词 borrow→keep, buy→have, catch a cold→have a cold, move to→live in, become interested in→be interested in 2) 变形容词 die→be dead, open→be open , close→be closed, fall ill→be ill, 3) 变短语或者be+adv/prep join→be in/be a member of, come→be in，leave→be away, 是的，我变了 begin/start→be on,finish→be over, get up→be up, 注意：不可延续性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。 如： I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。  延续性动词相关练习：按要求完成句子(同义句转换，每空一词)。 1. The twins arrived home three days ago. 　 The twins ___________ _________ home for three days. 2. They bought a new computer last week. 　　They have __________ a new computer___________ last week. 3. The foreign guests left China two days ago. 　　The foreign guests have __________ ___________ from China for two days. 4. The film began fifteen minutes ago. 　　The film __________ ___________ ___________ for fifteen minutes. 5. The old lady died 10 years ago. 　　The old lady ___________ ___________ ___________ for 10 years. 【目标四：现在完成时与一般过去时的区别】 Ⅰ. 时间上有差异 一般过去时与现在没有关系，与表示过去的时间状语连用，如:ago，last year，just now，the other day等。现在完成时与现在有关系,不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如: He has come back home.（说明现在他在家。） He came back home last year.（只能说明他去年回来过,不能说明他现在在不在家，可能后来又出去了,但至今未归。) Ⅱ.结果上有差异 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作，现在完成时强调对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。一般过去时强调动作发生在“过去”，和现在没有关系。 例：She ________the piano for six years，but she doesn’t play now. A. have played B. played C. has played 【随堂练习】 1) I am very hungry because I _______________(not have) breakfast. 2) ---你做完作业了吗？ --做完了。--_______ you _______ your homework? --Yes, I ______. --你什么时候做完的？ --半小时前。When _______your _______it? --Half an hour ago. 3) ---你吃过饭了吗？ ---吃过了。--_________ you ________ supper? --Yes, I ________. --- 在哪儿吃的？ ---学校。Where _________ you _________ it? ---At school. 4)他一小时前看电视的。 He __________ TV an hour ago. =He ______ ________ TV ______ an hour ago.=He _______ ________ TV _______ an hour. 5) I _____________(close) the door and now the door is closed. I __________(close) it just now.: 单项选择 （ ）1. —My god! I ______ the book from the library for more than two months. 　　　 —Go to see if you will be fined. 　　A. have lent 　　B. have borrowed C. have returned 　　D. have kept （ ）2. — David, where have you ______ recently? 　　　 —I have ______ to Shanghai with classmates. 　　A. been, gone 　B. been, been 　　　 C. gone, been 　　　D. gone, gone （ ）3. —Where is Jack’s brother? I haven’t seen him for a long time. 　　　 —______. 　　A. He has been to Suzhou 　　　　 B. He has gone to Suzhou 　　C. He is going to Suzhou　　　　 D. He will go to Suzhou （ ）4. My friends have ______ there since the firm set up. 　　A. work 　　　B. start working　　　 C. begun to work　 D. worked （ ）5. Sara ______ the Summer Palace twice. 　　A. went to 　　B. goes to 　　　 C. has gone to 　　 D. has been to （ ）6. It ______ 20 years since they ______ to China. 　　A. was, came 　B. was, have come C. is, have come 　　D. is, came （ ）7. ----______ to Italy? ----No, never, but I went to France 5 years ago. 　　A. Did you go 　　B. Have you gone C. Have you been　　D. Are you going （ ）8. She is not going to the concerts this Sunday night because she ______ her ticket. 　　A. didn’t lose 　　 B. has lost　　　 C. will lose 　　　 D. didn’t have （ ）9. Stephen has studied Chinese in China ______. 　　A. for three months B. three months ago C. since three months D. for three months ago （ ）10. We ______ our mission so far. It is really fantastic. 　　A．to finish 　　　B. finish 　　　 C. have finished 　　　D. finishing （ ）11. Mathew_______ already _______ Eton Town since 1998. 　　A. have, lived 　　 B. has, lived 　　　 C. have, live 　　　 D. has, living （ ）12. ----Are you familiar with the famous singer---Jay Chou? 　　　　----Certainly! I _________ to his concerts many times. 　　A. go 　　　 B. have been 　 C. have gone 　　　 D. goes （ ）13. ----Nowadays my hometown has taken a new look. It is so wonderful. 　　　　----Really. Great changes _______________during the past 30 years. 　　A. have taken place B. are taken place 　　　 C. took place 　　　 D. take place （ ）14. ----Where is my wallet? 　　　　 ----I __________it here just now but I can’t find it now. 　　A. saw 　　　　　 B. have seen C. was seeing　　　　D. see （ ）15. It’s 8:00 now. You_______ to write your homework yet, Bob. 　　A. haven’t started 　B. didn’t start 　　　 C. don’t start 　　　 D. won’t start （ ）16. My elder sister ____ a new pair of trousers last night. I _______ them on. They are perfect. 　　A. has made, tried　 B. made, tried C. had made, have tried　　 D. made, have tried （ ）17．----We ____how to drive already. ----When ______ you learn? 　　　　----Two years ago! 　　A. learned, does　　B. learned, did C. have learned, does　D. have learned, did （ ）18. Billy _____up for a few minutes. 　　A. was getting 　　B. is getting C. has got 　　　　　D. has been （ ）19．----____ Jim and you _____ the paragraphs _____ ? 　　　　 ----Yes, we ____ them last night. 　　A. Have, copied, already, have　　　　　 B. Did, copy, yet, did 　　C. Have, copied, yet, did 　　　　　　　 D. Did, copy, ever, had （ ）20. ----Have you finished your homework ______? ----No,_________. 　　A. already, not yet 　　　　　　 B. yet, not yet 　　C. already, I haven’t　　　　　 D. ever, not yet 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. With a book in his hand, Mr. Liu ______(hurry) to enter the room just now. 2. Nicolas _________(make) a lot of friends since 2000. 3. They _________(know) many foreigners up till now. 4. He _________ already _______(write) a letter to the president of the U.S.A. 5. —When _________ she _________(leave)? — 4 weeks ago. 6. —_________ you ever_________(watch) the movie? 　—Yes, I _________. 　—Where __________ you ________(watch) it? 　—At Beijing Theater. 7. —Sally, I _________( not see) you for a long time. 　—Yeah, I also miss you very much. 8. The class______ (end).for ten minutes. 9. How long _________ she _________(be) ill? 10. They _______(stop) to have a rest already. （ ）1.   You’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______? A .haven’t you B .have you C .do you D. don’t you （ ）2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai. ---So ________ her parents. A. do B. does C. has D. have （ ）3. – I have watched the game. --When ____ you ____ it? A have watched B .do watch C .did watch D .will watch （ ）4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago. A. lived B .has lived C .lives D .is going to live （ ）5. His grandma ______ for two years. A .died B .has been dead C. was dead D .has died （ ）6. –Where is Han Mei now? --- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A. has gone B .has been C .goes D .had gone （ ）7. ---_____ to the United Stated ? ---- No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago. A. Did you go B. Do you go C. Have you been D. Have you gone （ ）8. You haven’t changed your mind,_______? A. do you B .are you C .have you D .did you 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$