精品解析：安徽省马鞍山市第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月阶段性测试英语试题

马鞍山市第二中学2023届高三年级第一学期阶段性测试 英语试题 （卷面总分150，考试用时2小时） 第一部分，听力测试：1-5小题的材料，只播一遍：6-20小题的相关材料播两遍。（总20小题，共30分，每小题1.5分。） （第一节：语音材料仅放一遍。） 1. Where are the speakers? A. In a hospital. B. In a gallery. C. In a bank. 2. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A gift. B. A party. C. A friend. 3. What will the man have? A. A sandwich. B. A slice of pizza. C. A bowl of soup. 4. What does the man imply? A. He didn't go to the party. B. He watched a movie. C. He didn't have fun. 5. Who plays the best in the football team? A. Jack B. John C. David （第二节：语音材料放两遍。）（听对话，回答第6和第7两小题） 6. How will the man spend his birthday? A. Having a meal. B. Watching a movie. C. Going out with friends. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Mother and son. C. Classmates. （听对话，回答第8和第9两个小题） 8. Why does the woman want to keep the curtains open? A. She likes feeling the wind. B. She enjoys the view outside. C. She wants to turn the lights off. 9. What is the woman doing? A. Cleaning the house. B. Cooking the dinner. C. Walking on the beach. （听对话，回答第10至第12三个小题） 10. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a factory. B. In a museum. C. In a park. 11. What can people do in the Reality Room? A. Eat sweet potatoes. B. See the Maglev train. C. Enjoy the city's view. 12. How does the man feel when technology mixes into the food? A. Worried. B. Pleased. C. Relaxed. （听对话，回答第13至第16四个小题） 13. When does the conversation take place? A. On Wednesday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Monday. 14. What does the man usually do at about 4 o'clock? A. Paint his house. B. Pick up his kids. C. Go to work. 15. What part of the man's body got hurt? A. His leg. B. His arm. C. His ankle. 16. What does the woman ask the man to offer in the end? A. His phone number. B. His available time. C. His full name. （听独白，回答第17至第20四个小题） 17. What way of making pocket money is mentioned? A. Babysitting their neighbor's kids. B. Writing for newspapers. C. Selling some fruit. 18. What is the advantage of making pocket money by kids themselves? A. Satisfying their needs to get something in need. B. Gaining experience in organizing social activities. C. Strengthening their confidence in living a good life. 19. What is pocket money good for? A. The kids' study. B. The kids' career. C. The kids' growth. 20. What can we learn from the passage? A It's unnecessary for kids to do housework. B. Kids can work at restaurants at the age of 16. C Most kids get pocket money by helping at home. 第二部分阅读理解（共20小题40分） 第一节：4篇文章，总15个小题，每小题2分，共计30分。 A This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills． What topics will it cover? ● The recruitment（招聘） and selection process ● The job application ● Planning for the interview ● Developing interview skills What will you achieve? By the end of the course，you'll be able to... ● Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view ● Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly ● Model a well-written job application ● Plan for a job interview Who is the course for? While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work． Who develops the course? Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition． 1. What will students learn if they take the online course? A. The way to write a resume． B. The way to put an advertisement． C. The skills of talking with others． D. The skills of improving reading． 2. Who is the online course intended for? A. Trainers． B. Interviewers． C. Job seekers． D. College students． 3. Which of the following best describes the online course? A. Cheap． B. Practical． C. Long-standing． D. World-class． B If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. For example take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 4. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce . A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry 5. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2? A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary. B. Technology is vital for agricultural development. C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. 6. What is the difficulty for those new farmers? A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers. C. To have farms of their own. D. To win old farmers’ support. 7. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation. C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology. C It’s a warm June afternoon and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative (计划), there will be 200. Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity. Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said. Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance(维护) of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wild flowers that appear, are allowed to grow. 8. What do we know about the Muziekplein forest? A. It is newly planted. B. It sits in an urban area. C. It grows along a railway. D. It is shaped like a basketball court. 9. What’s the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative? A. To make people realize environmental challenges. B. To make nature more accessible to children. C. To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity. D. To call for action on climate change. 10. What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A. Benefits of mini-forests in cities. B. Ways to keep neighborhoods green. C. Inspiration for planting forests in cities. D. Importance of being exposed to nature. 11. How does the author state the forests’ effect on biodiversity? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By doing experiments. D. By making comparisons. D No matter how exciting space exploration sounds, there’s a vital point about it that needs to be considered: food supplies. Right now, astronauts typically rely on dry food in airtight bags and cans, since there are strict weight limits on items taken into space. Foods that we take for granted, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, are out of the question for space explorers. For those who’ve attempted to grow food during space missions, they’ve faced many difficulties, including the absence of gravity, and a lack of soil, air and humidity (湿度). However, as Shane Topham, an engineer with Space Dynamics Laboratory at Utah State University in the US, told NASA, “Growing food to supplement and minimize the food that must be carried to space will be increasingly important on long-duration missions.” Great efforts have been made to explore the concept of space farming. Recently, a team led by Federico Maggi at the University of Sydney in Australia figured out how plants can absorb nutrients from human urine (尿), as reported by New Scientist on March 27. After over 20 years of experiments, the results suggested that human urine could supply three to four out of the six nutrients that plants need. The researchers also found out that urine-fertilized plants produce no harmful by-products, such as carbon dioxide or ammonia (氨). According to New Scientist, human urine is 95 percent water, with the other 5 percent composed of nutrients which are harmful to the human body but not to plants. The advantage of this urine-fueled life support system is obvious: By recycling liquid waste and producing food, an efficient cycle will be created. And most importantly, said New Scientist, the duration of space missions will be greatly extended to “20 years of flight”, meaning we may be soon sending astronauts on missions to Mars, or even beyond. 12. Space farming is important mainly because ________. A. food brought from Earth goes bad easily during space flights B. it will keep astronauts busy when they are on long-term space missions C. it could provide fresh food and reduce the need to bring food from Earth D. it’s a way for astronauts to learn more about the environment in space 13. What can we learn from the University of Sydney research? A. Human urine is harmless to plants. B. Human urine provides six necessary nutrients for plants. C. Urine fertilizer is safer and more productive than chemical fertilizer. D. Urine-fertilized plants only release a small amount of carbon dioxide. 14. What is the biggest advantage of using human urine for space farming, according to New Scientist? A. It could pave the way for long-term space flights. B. It does little harm to the environment in space. C. It will greatly reduce the cost of farming in space. D. Urine-fertilized plants are healthier and taste better. 15 What’s the text mainly about? A. The significance of space farming. B. A possible new way to grow food in space. C. How to use human urine to produce food in space. D. Problems facing astronauts on long-term space flights. 第二节：七选五（总5小题：每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Coffee cups, clothes all over the floor and uninvited guests — and they’re not even yours! These are the joys of flatsharing. For many, buying a house or flat is just too expensive. In fact, the total amount of rent paid by tenants (租户) in Britain in 2017 rose to more than 50 billion pounds — more than double the level of ten years ago. ____16____ You rent a room and share the kitchen, living room and bathroom, for example. But apart from the financial saving, what are the advantages and disadvantages of flatsharing? Living with others means that you can pool your resources. ____17____ Living with people means meeting their friends, who may then become your friends. And don’t forget the networking opportunity. Lastly, there’s the emotional support. ____18____ But don’t forget to return a favour when they need it. But flatsharing means there’s limited storage space. Some people may not respect the boundaries. You might well come home to find your things in a mess. ____19____ Despite the list showing turns of duty, some people don’t like to pull their weight. And then there are unexpected events. If a flatmate forgets to inform you about a party they’re throwing and what you want is a quiet night, it can be challenging. ____20____ Some people prefer their own space, while others enjoy a social environment. For many who lack the means to buy their own property, a flat share is, and will continue to be, a necessity regardless. A. You can gain access to their social networks. B. There’ll always be a shoulder to cry on when you need one. C. The most obvious disadvantage is that you may not get much privacy. D. Besides, cleanliness may be one of the biggest disadvantages of a shared flat. E. Despite the disadvantages, there are many advantages involved in flatsharing. F. Those with a tight budget may choose to share the place with others to save money. G. Whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages is something decided by yourself. 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完型填空（总20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A young Chalttanooga resident earned the nickname “The Conservation Kid” for his efforts to remove trash from his beloved Tennessee River. He was just ____21____ 2021 Youth Conservationist of the Year. At age 7, Cash Daniels first ____22____ the river’s pollution problem. He researched online and ____23____ that the river supplied drinking water to ____24____ 5.1 million people. However, ____25____ landfill waste, it has tested higher for microplastics than any other river in the world. Cash wanted to help clean the river ____26____ the people and wildlife that depend on it for ____27____. Now 13, Cash and the teams of volunteers he helped recruit have successfully ____28____ 14,000 pounds of trash and 1.5 tons of recyclable aluminum from the waterway. He also raised ____29____ to purchase special recycling bins to help reduce the amount of _____30_____ fishing lines in the river that can put birds and other wildlife at _____31_____. To carry out his _____32_____ mission to improve the river’s health, Cash _____33_____ local news media and created a website, The Conservation Kid, to _____34_____ volunteers to cleanup projects. Cash also wrote a children’s book, One Small Piece, to educate _____35_____ about river pollution and environmental issues. Cash _____36_____ that children should start thinking about ways to help when they are young, and he is _____37_____ that young conservationists like himself will change the world. Cash’s goal is to _____38_____ the youth’s attention to the _____39_____ of cleaning and protecting the waterways. He wants people to learn how they can help _____40_____ them and hopes to create a positive chain effect around the world. 21. A. rewarded B. guaranteed C. named D. lent 22. A. learned about B. put forward C. replied to D. took down. 23. A. discovered B. wondered C. considered D. answered 24. A. undoubtedly B. approximately C. consequently D. barely 25. A. according to B. due to C. as to D. used to 26. A. in terms of B. by the name of C. for the sake of D. in case of 27. A. fun B. sale C. survival D. company 28. A. prevented B. separated C. defended D. removed 29. A. taxes B. prices C. protests D. funds 30. A. occupied B. ignored C. abandoned D. selected 31. A. ease B. risk C. rest D. priority 32. A. secret B. inspiring C. relaxing D. skeptical 33. A. observed B. avoided C. warned D. contacted 34. A. attract B. order C. permit D. research 35. A. people B. kids C. students D. volunteers 36. A. opposed B. predicted C. recorded D. believed 37. A. grateful B. shocked C. confident D. pessimistic 38. A. beg B. command C. appoint D. engage 39. A. mission B. competition C. discussion D. celebration 40. A. preserve B. report C. explore D. develop 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Koalas usually get the water they need from the eucalyptus (桉树)leaves they eat, ___41___ as drought and wildfires caused by climate change dry out their food ___42___ (supply), many koalas are starting to drink water. Robert Frend, a farmer from New South Wales, Australia, ___43___ (notice) how thirsty the koalas got and helped researchers at the University of Sydney bring them water. Frend invented something called Blinky Drinkers, a water station ___44___ (attach) to trees so that koalas can drink all they want. In April 2016, researchers set up 10 of these water stations on the ground and up in the trees on a large piece of land ___45___ a sizable population of koalas. They also built up a surveillance (监视) system ___46___ (see) how much the koalas were using the Blinky Drinkers. ___47___ they found was surprising: The koalas drank a lot, even waking up during the day, when they ___48___ (normal) sleep, to go to drink water from the stations on the ground. All of the Blinky Drinkers ___49___ (visit) 一193 times in total. And this was in the fall and winter seasons, when the heat isn’t so severe. Researchers were excited to find out something new about how animals change ____50____ (they) behavior based on climate change and worried about the future of the koalas. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today was “School Safety”. It is no doubt that school safety is directly relate to students’ healthy growth and the happiness of millions of families. But what to guarantee school safety? Firstly, to improve school safety, we should keep our classrooms, hallways and other school areas are organized and free of hazards. Secondly, the last person leave the classroom must keep locks on all doors and windows. Thirdly, raise fire safety awareness. While fire drills can seem repetitive at times, practice them seriously can cause the difference between safety and danger in the event of a fire emergency. Lastly, turn off all electrical equipment as soon as we don’t use them. Let’s take action right now but make our own contribution to creating the safe campus! Thanks for your listening. 第二节 书面表达（满分25分） 52. 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以Making friends online 为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.分析利与弊； 2.提出建议。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.短文题目已为你写好。 Making friends online _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 马鞍山市第二中学2023届高三年级第一学期阶段性测试 英语试题 （卷面总分150，考试用时2小时） 第一部分，听力测试：1-5小题的材料，只播一遍：6-20小题的相关材料播两遍。（总20小题，共30分，每小题1.5分。） （第一节：语音材料仅放一遍。） 1. Where are the speakers? A. In a hospital. B. In a gallery. C. In a bank. 2. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. A gift. B. A party. C. A friend. 3. What will the man have? A. A sandwich. B. A slice of pizza. C. A bowl of soup. 4. What does the man imply? A. He didn't go to the party. B. He watched a movie. C. He didn't have fun. 5. Who plays the best in the football team? A. Jack B. John C. David （第二节：语音材料放两遍。）（听对话，回答第6和第7两小题） 6. How will the man spend his birthday? A. Having a meal. B. Watching a movie. C. Going out with friends. 7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teacher and student. B. Mother and son. C. Classmates. （听对话，回答第8和第9两个小题） 8. Why does the woman want to keep the curtains open? A. She likes feeling the wind. B. She enjoys the view outside. C. She wants to turn the lights off. 9. What is the woman doing? A. Cleaning the house. B. Cooking the dinner. C. Walking on the beach. （听对话，回答第10至第12三个小题） 10. Where does the conversation take place? A. In a factory. B. In a museum. C. In a park. 11. What can people do in the Reality Room? A. Eat sweet potatoes. B. See the Maglev train. C. Enjoy the city's view. 12. How does the man feel when technology mixes into the food? A. Worried. B. Pleased. C. Relaxed. （听对话，回答第13至第16四个小题） 13. When does the conversation take place? A. On Wednesday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Monday. 14. What does the man usually do at about 4 o'clock? A. Paint his house. B. Pick up his kids. C. Go to work. 15. What part of the man's body got hurt? A. His leg. B. His arm. C. His ankle. 16. What does the woman ask the man to offer in the end? A. His phone number. B. His available time. C. His full name. （听独白，回答第17至第20四个小题） 17. What way of making pocket money is mentioned? A. Babysitting their neighbor's kids. B. Writing for newspapers. C. Selling some fruit. 18. What is the advantage of making pocket money by kids themselves? A. Satisfying their needs to get something in need. B. Gaining experience in organizing social activities. C. Strengthening their confidence in living a good life. 19. What is pocket money good for? A. The kids' study. B. The kids' career. C. The kids' growth. 20. What can we learn from the passage? A. It's unnecessary for kids to do housework. B. Kids can work at restaurants at the age of 16. C Most kids get pocket money by helping at home. 第二部分阅读理解（共20小题40分） 第一节：4篇文章，总15个小题，每小题2分，共计30分。 A This online course is designed to provide you with work-ready skills including responding to job advertisements，writing application letters and resumes（简历）and developing inter-view skills． What topics will it cover? ● The recruitment（招聘） and selection process ● The job application ● Planning for the interview ● Developing interview skills What will you achieve? By the end of the course，you'll be able to... ● Assess the recruitment and selection process from an employer's point of view ● Interpret an advertisement，job description and selection criteria correctly ● Model a well-written job application ● Plan for a job interview Who is the course for? While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work． Who develops the course? Central Queensland University． It is Australia's leading regional university．Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning．Our commitment to making real-world knowledge and skills accessible to all has seen us being awarded global recognition． 1. What will students learn if they take the online course? A. The way to write a resume． B The way to put an advertisement． C. The skills of talking with others． D. The skills of improving reading． 2. Who is the online course intended for? A. Trainers． B. Interviewers． C. Job seekers． D. College students． 3. Which of the following best describes the online course? A. Cheap． B. Practical． C. Long-standing． D. World-class． 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇广告，主要介绍的是一门针对求职者的网上课程。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据What will you achieve? 部分的By the end of the course，you'll be able to...Model a well-written job application（在课程结束时，你将能够模拟一份写得很好的工作申请）可知，参加网络课程的学生将学会如何写简历，故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Who is the course for 部分的While this course appeals to trainees and graduates，it also applies to job seekers in the broader community looking to increasing their confidence and success rate when applying for work（虽然本课程对实习生和毕业生很有吸引力，但它也适用于希望提高求职信心和成功率的更广泛群体的求职者）可知，这是一门面向求职者的在线课程，故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的Our courses are designed alongside industry and many include hands-on learning experiences and project-based learning（我们的课程与行业一起设计，许多课程包括实践学习经验和基于项目的学习）可推知，描述在线课程最佳的词是“实用的”，故选B。 B If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies. But in agriculture, small farmers can get the best of the major players. By connecting directly with customers, and by responding quickly to changes in the markets as well as in the ecosystems(生态系统）, small farmers can keep one step ahead of the big guys. As the co-founder of the National Young Farmers Coalition (NYFC, 美国青年农会）and a family farmer myself. I have a front-row seat to the innovations among small farmers that are transforming the industry. For example, take the Quick Cut Greens Harvester, a tool developed just a couple of years ago by a young farmer, Jonathan Dysinger, in Tennessee, with a small loan from a local Slow Money group. It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California. Before the tool came out, small farmers couldn't touch the price per pound offered by California farms. But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business. The sustainable success of small farmers, though, won't happen without fundamental changes to the industry. One crucial factor is secure access to land. Competition from investors, developers, and established large farmers makes owning one's own land unattainable for many new farmers. From 2004 to 2013, agricultural land values doubled, and they continue to rise in many regions. Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own. With farmers over the age of 65 outnumbering(多于）farmers younger than 35 by six to one, and with two-thirds of the nation's farmland in need of a new farmer, we must clear the path for talented people willing to grow the nation's food. There are solutions that could light a path toward a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers can't clumsily put them together before us. We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds. With a new farm bill to be debated in Congress, consumers must take a stand with young farmers. 4. The author mentions car industry at the beginning of the passage to introduce . A. the progress made in car industry B. a special feature of agriculture C. a trend of development in agriculture D. the importance of investing in car industry 5. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in paragraph 2? A. Loans to small local farmers are necessary. B. Technology is vital for agricultural development. C. Competition between small and big farms is fierce D. Small farmers may gain some advantages over big ones. 6. What is the difficulty for those new farmers? A. To gain more financial aid. B. To hire good farm managers. C. To have farms of their own. D. To win old farmers’ support. 7. What should farmers do for a more sustainable and fair farm economy? A. Seek support beyond NYFC. B. Expand farmland conservation. C. Become members of NYFC. D. Invest more to improve technology. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 【解析】 【分析】本文为说明文。文章作者作为全国青年农民联盟（NYFC）的联合创始人，分析了美国小农场的特点及目前美国小农场所面临的问题，督促国会对某些领域进行改革以支持美国国内小农场的发展 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一句话If you want to disturb the car industry, you'd better have a few billion dollars: Mom-and-pop carmakers are unlikely to beat the biggest car companies.可知，一般人不可能影响到汽车工业，而根据第二句话的but 可知，农业和工业是不同的，接下来就介绍了农业不同于工业的地方，故B正确。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.可以，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句But now, with the combination of a better price point and a generally fresher product, they can stay in business.，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句话Another challenge for more than a million of the most qualified farm workers and managers is a non-existent path to citizenship — the greatest barrier to building a farm of their own.可知，新农民面临的最大挑战是无法获得公民身份，因此不能建设自己的农场，故选C。 【7题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farms from all backgrounds.可知，NYFC需要广泛的支持，包括要求国会增加农田保护，推动移民改革，寻求确保不同背景的新农民的成功的政策等，所以为了保证农业经济的可持续发展农民需要寻求NYFC以外的很多方面的支持。故选A。 点睛：根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。本题中的第二小题是推理判断题，即根据例子判断作者想要解释什么，根据原文根据文章第二段可知一位年轻的农民发明了一件新农具，再根据第二句It enables small-scale farmers to harvest 175 pounds of green vegetables per hour—a huge improvement over harvesting just a few dozen pounds by hand—suddenly making it possible for the little guys to compete with large farms of California.可以，推知新农具使小农场收获绿色蔬菜的效率提高，降低了收获成本，再根据最后一句，小农场价格与大农场价格接近和小农场产品更新鲜的特点，这使得小农场相对于大农场有了一些相对的优势，故选D。 C It’s a warm June afternoon, and in a group of bushes and trees, a bird sings. A small insect climbs over a leaf. The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. The forest is one of seven such extremely small forests in the Dutch city of Utrecht, and 144 across the Netherlands. By the end of this year, according to IVN Nature Education, the organization proposing the country’s initiative (计划), there will be 200. Since the first forest was planted in the Netherlands in 2015, the concept has become popular. Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. It’s a very practical way to do something positive in the light of climate change and loss of biodiversity. Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said. Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. Maintenance(维护) of the forests occasionally involves removing aggressive weeds, but in general new plant species, such as wild flowers that appear, are allowed to grow. 8. What do we know about the Muziekplein forest? A. It is newly planted. B. It sits in an urban area. C. It grows along a railway. D. It is shaped like a basketball court. 9. What’s the purpose of the Tiny Forest initiative? A. To make people realize environmental challenges. B. To make nature more accessible to children. C. To increase the Netherlands’ biodiversity. D. To call for action on climate change. 10. What does Paragraph 3 focus on? A. Benefits of mini-forests in cities. B. Ways to keep neighborhoods green. C. Inspiration for planting forests in cities. D. Importance of being exposed to nature. 11. How does the author state the forests’ effect on biodiversity? A. By listing figures. B. By giving examples. C. By doing experiments. D. By making comparisons. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了荷兰推行的“微型森林”倡议，该倡议旨在让儿童接触大自然，应对环境挑战。这些森林能帮助城市抵御热浪、提高保水能力，并为人们提供亲近自然的机会。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Muziekplein forest, next to an 18-story building and a railway line, is about the size of a basketball court; before it was planted in 2018, the area was a parking place. (穆兹克普莱恩森林毗邻一座18层的建筑和一条铁路线，大约有一个篮球场那么大；在2018年种植之前，该地区是一个停车场。)”可知，这片森林靠近建筑物和铁路线，之前是停车场。由此可知，它坐落在市区。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Daan Bleichrodt, who launched IVN’s Tiny Forest initiative with the goal of making it easier for children to get into and connect with nature, said that he thinks it is popular because people are becoming more aware of major environmental challenges. (Daan Bleichrodt发起了IVN的“微型森林”倡议，目的是让孩子们更容易进入大自然，与大自然建立联系。他说，他认为这一倡议之所以受欢迎，是因为人们越来越意识到重大的环境挑战。)”可知，“微型森林”倡议的目的是让孩子们更容易接近大自然。故选B项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Jeroen Schenkels, a senior adviser for the city of Utrecht on green planning, said he sees the mini-forests as nature-based approaches that are able to help the city weather heat waves and improve water retention (保持). But one of the biggest interests is social. “One of the most important things is that they give people the opportunity to be involved in nature in the neighbourhood,” Schenkels said. (乌得勒支市绿色规划高级顾问Jeroen Schenkels说，他认为微型森林是一种基于自然的方法，能够帮助城市抵御热浪，提高保水能力。但最大的利益之一是社会利益。Schenkels说：“最重要的一点是，它们给人们提供了在附近接触大自然的机会。”)”可知，本段介绍了城市中的微型森林有助于城市抵御热浪、提高保水能力，以及让人们接触大自然。因此，本段关注的是城市微型森林的好处。故选A项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Between 2018 and 2020, 40 different plant and animal groups and 121 total animal species were found in the Muziekplein forest alone. According to Wageningen University researchers, across the 11 tiny forests in their study, volunteers observed 636 animal species. They also identified 298 plant species in addition to the original species planted in the plots. (2018年至2020年期间，仅在穆兹克普莱恩森林就发现了40种不同的动植物类群和121种动物。据瓦格宁根大学的研究人员称，在他们的研究中，志愿者们在11个微型森林中观察到了636种动物。他们还鉴定了298种植物，除了种植在地块上的原始物种。)”可知，作者通过列举新发现的动植物物种的数量情况，展现了这些微型森林对生物多样性的影响。故选A项。 D No matter how exciting space exploration sounds, there’s a vital point about it that needs to be considered: food supplies. Right now, astronauts typically rely on dry food in airtight bags and cans, since there are strict weight limits on items taken into space. Foods that we take for granted, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, are out of the question for space explorers. For those who’ve attempted to grow food during space missions, they’ve faced many difficulties, including the absence of gravity, and a lack of soil, air and humidity (湿度). However, as Shane Topham, an engineer with Space Dynamics Laboratory at Utah State University in the US, told NASA, “Growing food to supplement and minimize the food that must be carried to space will be increasingly important on long-duration missions.” Great efforts have been made to explore the concept of space farming. Recently, a team led by Federico Maggi at the University of Sydney in Australia figured out how plants can absorb nutrients from human urine (尿), as reported by New Scientist on March 27. After over 20 years of experiments, the results suggested that human urine could supply three to four out of the six nutrients that plants need. The researchers also found out that urine-fertilized plants produce no harmful by-products, such as carbon dioxide or ammonia (氨). According to New Scientist, human urine is 95 percent water, with the other 5 percent composed of nutrients which are harmful to the human body but not to plants. The advantage of this urine-fueled life support system is obvious: By recycling liquid waste and producing food, an efficient cycle will be created. And most importantly, said New Scientist, the duration of space missions will be greatly extended to “20 years of flight”, meaning we may be soon sending astronauts on missions to Mars, or even beyond. 12. Space farming is important mainly because ________. A. food brought from Earth goes bad easily during space flights B. it will keep astronauts busy when they are on long-term space missions C. it could provide fresh food and reduce the need to bring food from Earth D. it’s a way for astronauts to learn more about the environment in space 13. What can we learn from the University of Sydney research? A. Human urine is harmless to plants. B. Human urine provides six necessary nutrients for plants. C. Urine fertilizer is safer and more productive than chemical fertilizer. D. Urine-fertilized plants only release a small amount of carbon dioxide. 14. What is the biggest advantage of using human urine for space farming, according to New Scientist? A. It could pave the way for long-term space flights. B. It does little harm to the environment in space. C. It will greatly reduce the cost of farming in space. D. Urine-fertilized plants are healthier and taste better. 15. What’s the text mainly about? A. The significance of space farming. B. A possible new way to grow food in space. C. How to use human urine to produce food in space. D. Problems facing astronauts on long-term space flights. 【答案】12. C 13. A 14. A 15. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了科学家们通过研究找出了一种可以在太空中种植食物的方法并阐述了这一方法的优势和发展前景。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Foods that we take for granted, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, are out of the question for space explorers.（我们认为理所当然的食物，如新鲜水果和蔬菜，对太空探索者来说是不可能的。）”以及第二段“Growing food to supplement and minimize the food that must be carried to space will be increasingly important on long-duration missions.（在长时间的任务中，种植食物来补充和减少必须携带到太空的食物将变得越来越重要。）”可知，太空农场之所以重要，主要是因为它可以提供新鲜的食物，减少从地球带来食物的需求。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“According to New Scientist, human urine is 95 percent water, with the other 5 percent composed of nutrients which are harmful to the human body but not to plants.（据《新科学家》报道，人的尿液中95%是水，另外5%的营养素对人体有害，但对植物无害。）”可知，我们能从悉尼大学的研究中学到人类尿液对植物无害。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“And most importantly, said New Scientist, the duration of space missions will be greatly extended to “20 years of flight”, meaning we may be soon sending astronauts on missions to Mars, or even beyond.（《新科学家》称，最重要的是，太空任务的持续时间将大大延长至“20年飞行”，这意味着我们可能很快就会把宇航员送上火星，甚至更远的地方。）”可知，据《新科学家》报道，将人类尿液用于太空养殖的最大优势是这可能为长期太空飞行铺平道路。故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第三段“Recently, a team led by Federico Maggi at the University of Sydney in Australia figured out how plants can absorb nutrients from human urine (尿), as reported by New Scientist on March 27.（据《新科学家》3月27日报道，最近，由澳大利亚悉尼大学的Federico Maggi领导的一个小组研究了植物如何从人体尿液中吸收营养物质。）”可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过一系列研究，找出了一种可以在太空中种植食物的方法并阐述了这一方法的优势和发展前景，所以这篇课文的主要内容是在太空种植食物的一种可能的新方法。故选B。 第二节：七选五（总5小题：每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Coffee cups, clothes all over the floor and uninvited guests — and they’re not even yours! These are the joys of flatsharing. For many, buying a house or flat is just too expensive. In fact, the total amount of rent paid by tenants (租户) in Britain in 2017 rose to more than 50 billion pounds — more than double the level of ten years ago. ____16____ You rent a room and share the kitchen, living room and bathroom, for example. But apart from the financial saving, what are the advantages and disadvantages of flatsharing? Living with others means that you can pool your resources. ____17____ Living with people means meeting their friends, who may then become your friends. And don’t forget the networking opportunity. Lastly, there’s the emotional support. ____18____ But don’t forget to return a favour when they need it. But flatsharing means there’s limited storage space. Some people may not respect the boundaries. You might well come home to find your things in a mess. ____19____ Despite the list showing turns of duty, some people don’t like to pull their weight. And then there are unexpected events. If a flatmate forgets to inform you about a party they’re throwing and what you want is a quiet night, it can be challenging. ____20____ Some people prefer their own space, while others enjoy a social environment. For many who lack the means to buy their own property, a flat share is, and will continue to be, a necessity regardless. A. You can gain access to their social networks. B. There’ll always be a shoulder to cry on when you need one. C. The most obvious disadvantage is that you may not get much privacy. D. Besides, cleanliness may be one of the biggest disadvantages of a shared flat. E. Despite the disadvantages, there are many advantages involved in flatsharing. F. Those with a tight budget may choose to share the place with others to save money. G. Whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages is something decided by yourself. 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。预算紧张的人可能会选择与他人合租来节省开支，文章主要介绍了与他人合租的利弊。 【16题详解】 前文“For many, buying a house or flat is just too expensive. (对许多人来说，买房子或公寓太贵了。)”提到人们租房的原因包括购买房产过于昂贵，后文“You rent a room and share the kitchen, living room and bathroom, for example. (比如，你租一个房间，共用厨房、客厅和浴室。)”提到租房可以共享很多空间，属于其好处，因此F项“Those with a tight budget may choose to share the place with others to save money. (那些预算紧张的人可能会选择与他人合租来省钱。)”符合语境，指出人们会选择合租来省钱，承前启后。故选F。 【17题详解】 前文“Living with others means that you can pool your resources. (和别人住在一起意味着你可以共享资源。)”表明本段介绍合租的好处，后文“Living with people means meeting their friends, who may then become your friends. (和别人住在一起意味着认识他们的朋友，这些朋友可能会成为你的朋友。)”提到合租可以结交室友的朋友，因此A项“You can gain access to their social networks. (你可以进入他们的社交网络。)”符合语境，指出合租可以接触他人的社交网络，后文是对其进一步说明，其中的access to their social networks与后文的meeting their friends呼应。故选A。 【18题详解】 前文“Lastly, there’s the emotional support. (最后是情感支持。)”指出合租可以获得情感支持，因此B项“There’ll always be a shoulder to cry on when you need one. (当你需要一个肩膀的时候，总会有人让你靠着哭泣。)”符合语境，提到可以依靠他人的肩膀哭泣，承接前文，其中的a shoulder to cry on和前文的emotional support呼应。故选B。 【19题详解】 前文“Some people may not respect the boundaries. You might well come home to find your things in a mess. (有些人可能不尊重界限。你很可能回到家发现你的东西乱七八糟。)”提到合租的第一个坏处：东西被弄得乱七八糟，后文“Despite the list showing turns of duty, some people don’t like to pull their weight. (尽管清单上显示了工作的轮换，但有些人不喜欢尽自己的职责。)”指出有些人不愿做分内的事，因此D项“Besides, cleanliness may be one of the biggest disadvantages of a shared flat. (此外，清洁可能是合租公寓最大的缺点之一。)”符合语境，提到合租的第二个坏处：清洁问题，承接前文，后文是对其进一步说明。故选D。 【20题详解】 前文分别介绍了合租的好处和坏处，后文“Some people prefer their own space, while others enjoy a social environment. (有些人喜欢自己的空间，而另一些人喜欢社交环境。)”提到每个人的需求和喜好各不相同，因此G项“Whether the advantages outweigh the disadvantages is something decided by yourself. (是否利大于弊是由你自己决定。)”符合语境，指出合租的利弊权衡是由个人决定的，承接前文，可作为段首句，引出后文内容。故选G。 第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节 完型填空（总20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A young Chalttanooga resident earned the nickname “The Conservation Kid” for his efforts to remove trash from his beloved Tennessee River. He was just ____21____ 2021 Youth Conservationist of the Year. At age 7, Cash Daniels first ____22____ the river’s pollution problem. He researched online and ____23____ that the river supplied drinking water to ____24____ 5.1 million people. However, ____25____ landfill waste, it has tested higher for microplastics than any other river in the world. Cash wanted to help clean the river ____26____ the people and wildlife that depend on it for ____27____. Now 13, Cash and the teams of volunteers he helped recruit have successfully ____28____ 14,000 pounds of trash and 1.5 tons of recyclable aluminum from the waterway. He also raised ____29____ to purchase special recycling bins to help reduce the amount of _____30_____ fishing lines in the river that can put birds and other wildlife at _____31_____. To carry out his _____32_____ mission to improve the river’s health, Cash _____33_____ local news media and created a website, The Conservation Kid, to _____34_____ volunteers to cleanup projects. Cash also wrote a children’s book, One Small Piece, to educate _____35_____ about river pollution and environmental issues. Cash _____36_____ that children should start thinking about ways to help when they are young, and he is _____37_____ that young conservationists like himself will change the world. Cash’s goal is to _____38_____ the youth’s attention to the _____39_____ of cleaning and protecting the waterways. He wants people to learn how they can help _____40_____ them and hopes to create a positive chain effect around the world. 21. A. rewarded B. guaranteed C. named D. lent 22. A. learned about B. put forward C. replied to D. took down. 23. A. discovered B. wondered C. considered D. answered 24. A. undoubtedly B. approximately C. consequently D. barely 25. A. according to B. due to C. as to D. used to 26. A. in terms of B. by the name of C. for the sake of D. in case of 27. A. fun B. sale C. survival D. company 28. A. prevented B. separated C. defended D. removed 29. A. taxes B. prices C. protests D. funds 30. A. occupied B. ignored C. abandoned D. selected 31. A. ease B. risk C. rest D. priority 32. A. secret B. inspiring C. relaxing D. skeptical 33. A. observed B. avoided C. warned D. contacted 34. A. attract B. order C. permit D. research 35. A. people B. kids C. students D. volunteers 36. A. opposed B. predicted C. recorded D. believed 37. A. grateful B. shocked C. confident D. pessimistic 38. A. beg B. command C. appoint D. engage 39. A. mission B. competition C. discussion D. celebration 40. A. preserve B. report C. explore D. develop 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 36. D 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了青年Cash Daniels的环保故事，多年来，他一直致力于清理田纳西河里的垃圾，并获得2021年度“青年环保人士”的称号。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他刚刚被评为2021年度“青年环保人士”。A. rewarded奖励；B. guaranteed保证；C. named选中；D. lent借出。根据下文“2021 Youth Conservationist of the Year”可推知，他是被评为2021年度“青年环保人士”，短语name sb./sth. (as) sth.意为“把……评/选为……”。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：7岁时，Cash Daniels第一次了解到河流的污染问题。A. learned about了解；B. put forward提出；C. replied to回答；D. took down记下。根据下文“He researched online”可知，Cash在网上查了一下，因此应该是第一次了解到河流的污染问题。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在网上查了一下，发现这条河为大约510万人提供饮用水。A. discovered发现；B. wondered想知道；C. considered考虑；D. answered回答。根据上文“He researched online”可知，Cash在网上查了一下，因此应该是根据网络上的信息发现了这个情况。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他在网上查了一下，发现这条河为大约510万人提供饮用水。A. undoubtedly无疑地；B. approximately大约；C. consequently因此；D. barely几乎不。根据下文“5.1 million people”可推知，此处是介绍田纳西河的供水人数，应该是为大约510万人提供饮用水。故选B。 25题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：然而，由于垃圾填埋场的垃圾，它的微塑料含量比世界上任何其他河流都要高。A. according to根据；B. due to由于；C. as to关于；D. used to习惯于。根据下文“landfill waste”和“it has tested higher for microplastics than any other river in the world”可推知，此处是因果关系，垃圾填埋场的垃圾是造成后面结果的原因。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：Cash想帮助清理这条河，这是为了依赖这条河生存的人和野生动物。A. in terms of就……而言；B. by the name of以……的名字；C. for the sake of为了；D. in case of以防。根据上文“Cash wanted to help clean the river”和下文“the people and wildlife”可推知，此处是介绍Cash帮助清理这条河的目的，应该是为了人和野生动物。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cash想帮助清理这条河，这是为了依赖这条河生存的人和野生动物。A. fun乐趣；B. sale销售；C. survival生存；D. company陪伴。根据上文“the people and wildlife that depend on it”和常识可推知，人和野生动物一般是依靠河流提供水源，来维持生存。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在13岁Cash和他帮助招募的志愿者团队已经成功地从水道中清除了14000磅垃圾和1.5吨可回收铝。A. prevented阻止；B. separated分离；C. defended防御；D. removed移除。根据上文“it has tested higher for microplastics than any other river in the world”可知，田纳西河的微塑料含量比世界上任何其他河流都要高，因此他们是从水道中清除了这些有害物。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还筹集资金购买了特殊的回收箱，以帮助减少河中可能危及鸟类和其他野生动物的废弃钓鱼线的数量。A. taxes税收；B. prices价格；C. protests抗议；D. funds资金。根据下文“to purchase special recycling bins”可推知，购买特殊的回收箱需要Cash去筹集资金。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他还筹集资金购买了特殊的回收箱，以帮助减少河中可能危及鸟类和其他野生动物的废弃钓鱼线的数量。A. occupied被占用的；B. ignored被忽视的；C. abandoned废弃的；D. selected挑选出来的。根据Cash和志愿者是在清理河道的情境，以及下文“fishing lines in the river”可推知，他们想减少河中废弃的钓鱼线。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还筹集资金购买了特殊的回收箱，以帮助减少河中可能危及鸟类和其他野生动物的废弃钓鱼线的数量。A. ease轻松；B. risk风险；C. rest休息；D. priority优先。根据上文“fishing lines in the river that can put birds and other wildlife”可推知，河中的废弃钓鱼线很有可能会危及鸟类和其他野生动物，短语put sb./sth. at risk意为“把……置于危险中，危及……”。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了完成他鼓舞人心的使命，改善河流的健康状况，Cash联系了当地的新闻媒体，并创建了一个名为“环保儿童”的网站，以吸引志愿者参与清洁项目。A. secret秘密的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. relaxing令人轻松的；D. skeptical怀疑的。根据上文“Cash wanted to help clean the river”可知，Cash想帮助清理这条河，而且他付出了实际行动，因此这是鼓舞人心的使命。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了完成他鼓舞人心的使命，改善河流的健康状况，Cash联系了当地的新闻媒体，并创建了一个名为“环保儿童”的网站，以吸引志愿者参与清洁项目。A. observed观察；B. avoided避免；C. warned警告；D. contacted联系。根据上文“To carry out his ____12____ mission to improve the river’s health”可知，Cash想完成改善河流的健康状况的使命，因此会联系当地的新闻媒体，以号召更多的人采取行动。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了完成他鼓舞人心的使命，改善河流的健康状况，Cash联系了当地的新闻媒体，并创建了一个名为“环保儿童”的网站，以吸引志愿者参与清洁项目。A. attract吸引；B. order命令；C. permit允许；D. research研究。根据下文“volunteers to cleanup projects”可推知，Cash应该是吸引志愿者参与自己推行的清洁项目，短语attract sb./sth. to意为“把……吸引到……”。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cash还写了一本儿童读物《一小块》，教育孩子们了解河流污染和环境问题。A. people人们；B. kids孩子；C. students学生；D. volunteers志愿者。根据上文“Cash also wrote a children’s book”可知，Cash写了一本儿童读物，因此是教育孩子们了解河流污染和环境问题。故选B。 【36题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cash认为，孩子们应该从小就开始思考如何提供帮助，他相信像他这样的年轻环保主义者将改变世界。A. opposed反对；B. predicted预测；C. recorded记录；D. believed认为。根据下文“that children should start thinking about ways to help when they are young”可推知，此处是介绍Cash的环保理念，应该是他认为孩子们应该从小就开始思考如何提供帮助。故选D。 【37题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Cash认为，孩子们应该从小就开始思考如何提供帮助，他相信像他这样的年轻环保主义者将改变世界。A. grateful感激的；B. shocked震惊的；C. confident有信心的；D. pessimistic悲观的。根据上文叙述的Cash付出实际行动帮助清理田纳西河，以及下文“that young conservationists like himself will change the world”可推知，他对像他这样的年轻环保主义者将改变世界是有信心的。故选C。 【38题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cash的目标是吸引年轻人关注清洁和保护水道的使命。A. beg乞求；B. command命令；C. appoint任命；D. engage吸引。根据下文“the youth’s attention to”可推知，Cash是想吸引年轻人关注这些事，短语engage one’s attention to意为“把某人的注意力到……上”。故选D。 【39题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Cash的目标是吸引年轻人关注清洁和保护水道的使命。A. mission使命；B. competition竞争；C. discussion讨论；D. celebration庆祝。根据上文叙述的Cash付出实际行动帮助清理田纳西河，以及下文“of cleaning and protecting the waterways”可推知，Cash想让他们关注清洁和保护水道的使命。故选A。 【40题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他希望人们学习如何帮助保护它们，并希望在世界范围内产生积极的连锁效应。A. preserve保护；B. report报告；C. explore探索；D. develop发展。根据上文“cleaning and protecting the waterways”可知，Cash希望人们学习如何帮助保护这些水道。故选A。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Koalas usually get the water they need from the eucalyptus (桉树)leaves they eat, ___41___ as drought and wildfires caused by climate change dry out their food ___42___ (supply), many koalas are starting to drink water. Robert Frend, a farmer from New South Wales, Australia, ___43___ (notice) how thirsty the koalas got and helped researchers at the University of Sydney bring them water. Frend invented something called Blinky Drinkers, a water station ___44___ (attach) to trees so that koalas can drink all they want. In April 2016, researchers set up 10 of these water stations on the ground and up in the trees on a large piece of land ___45___ a sizable population of koalas. They also built up a surveillance (监视) system ___46___ (see) how much the koalas were using the Blinky Drinkers. ___47___ they found was surprising: The koalas drank a lot, even waking up during the day, when they ___48___ (normal) sleep, to go to drink water from the stations on the ground. All of the Blinky Drinkers ___49___ (visit) 一193 times in total. And this was in the fall and winter seasons, when the heat isn’t so severe. Researchers were excited to find out something new about how animals change ____50____ (they) behavior based on climate change and worried about the future of the koalas. 【答案】41. but 42. supplies 43. noticed 44. attached 45. with 46. to see 47. What 48. normally 49. were visited 50. their 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述通常考拉从它们所吃的桉树叶中获取所需的水分，但是随着气候变化导致的干旱和野火使它们的食物枯竭，许多考拉开始喝水。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：考拉通常从它们所吃的桉树叶中获取所需的水，但随着气候变化导致的干旱和野火使它们的食物枯竭，许多考拉开始喝水。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前后两个小分句之间是转折的关系，用连词but连接。故填but。 【42题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里名词表示泛指，用复数形式，作宾语。故填supplies。 【43题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：来自澳大利亚新南威尔士州的球迷罗伯特·弗兰德（Robert Frend）注意到考拉有多渴，并帮助悉尼大学的研究人员为它们送水。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填noticed。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：Frend发明了一种叫做Blinky Drinkers的东西，这是一种连在树上的水站，这样考拉就可以随心所欲地喝水。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词attach和被修饰的名词station是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动作定语。故填attached。 【45题详解】 考查介词。句意：2016年4月，研究人员在一块拥有大量考拉的土地上，在地面和树上建立了10个这样的水站。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词with，意为“拥有”。故填with。 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还建立了一个监控系统，以查看考拉使用了多少Blinky Drinkers。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to see。 【47题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：他们的发现令人惊讶：考拉喝了很多水，甚至在白天醒来时，它们通常都在睡觉，去地面站喝水。分析句子结构和意思可知，___7___ they found是主语从句，从句中缺少found的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连词what引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 【48题详解】 考查副词。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰后面的动词sleep。故填normally。 【49题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：所有的Blinky Drinkers都被拜访了——一共193次。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，句子主语All of the Blinky Drinkers和动词visit是被动的关系，所以谓语用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是All of the Blinky Drinkers，为复数，be动词用were。故填were visited。 【50题详解】 考查代词。句意：研究人员很兴奋地发现了一些关于动物如何基于气候变化改变行为的新信息，并对考拉的未来感到担忧。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的名词behavior。故填their。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分） 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用(\)划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 Good afternoon, everyone! The topic of my speech today was “School Safety”. It is no doubt that school safety is directly relate to students’ healthy growth and the happiness of millions of families. But what to guarantee school safety? Firstly, to improve school safety, we should keep our classrooms, hallways and other school areas are organized and free of hazards. Secondly, the last person leave the classroom must keep locks on all doors and windows. Thirdly, raise fire safety awareness. While fire drills can seem repetitive at times, practice them seriously can cause the difference between safety and danger in the event of a fire emergency. Lastly, turn off all electrical equipment as soon as we don’t use them. Let’s take action right now but make our own contribution to creating the safe campus! Thanks for your listening. 【答案】1.was→is 2.It→There 3.relate→related 4.what→how 5.删除are 6.在leave前加to 7.practice→practicing 8.them→it 9.but→and 10the→a 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章是一篇主题为“安全校园”的演讲稿。 【详解】1.考查时态。句意：我今天的演讲主题是“校园安全”。结合today可知句子应用一般现在时，主语topic是名词单数，be动词应用is，故将was改为is。 2.考查固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，学校安全直接关系到学生的健康成长和千百万家庭的幸福。There is no doubt that…毫无疑问……，是固定句型，故将It改为There。 3.考查被动语态。句意：毫无疑问，学校安全直接关系到学生的健康成长和千百万家庭的幸福。relate与主语school safety是被动关系，用被动关系，故将relate改为related。 4.考查疑问副词。句意：但是如何保障校园安全？结合句意可知，此处指“如何”，应用how提问，修饰动词guarantee作状语，what作主语，宾语或表语，是代词，故将what改为how。 5.考查句子结构。句意：首先，为了提高学校的安全，我们应该保持我们的教室，走廊和其他学校区域有组织，没有危险。分析句子可知，此处是“keep+宾语+形容词”，are多余，故删除are。 6.考查动词不定式。句意：第二，最后一个离开教室的人必须锁上所有的门窗。名词有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式修饰名词person作状语，the last person to do sth最后一个做某事的人，故在leave前加to。 7.考查动名词。句意：虽然消防演习有时似乎是重复的，但在火灾紧急情况下，认真进行这些演习可能会导致安全与危险之间的区别。分析句子可知，此处作主语应用动名词形式，故将practice改为practicing。 8.考查代词。句意：最后，我们不使用电器时，就把它关掉。指代不可数名词equipment应用it。故将them改为it。 9.考查并列连词。句意：让我们现在就行动起来，为创建一个安全校园做出我们自己的贡献！结合句意可知，前后分句是并列关系，应用and连接。故将but改为and。 10.考查不定冠词。句意：让我们现在就行动起来，为创建一个安全校园做出我们自己的贡献！此处泛指“一个安全的校园”，应用不定冠词a。故将the改为a。 第二节 书面表达（满分25分） 52. 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请你以Making friends online 为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1.分析利与弊； 2.提出建议。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.短文题目已为你写好。 Making friends online _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Making friends online With science and technology developing rapidly, a growing number of people have been making friends online. Admittedly, the Internet makes it convenient for us to befriend people around the world, which has also broadened our horizons. Besides, with the aid of the Internet, we can keep in close touch with whoever we want to remain friends with, wherever they are. But as the saying goes, every coin has two sides. There exist some drawbacks as well in terms of online friendship. People often say that on the Internet nobody knows you are a dog. So the friends we have made online may not be just what we think they are. Then, it is most likely that we’ll get cheated by the so-called friends. Everything taken into consideration, we are supposed to have a reasonable attitude towards making friends online and think carefully before jumping in with both feet. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以Making friends online为题，写一篇与“网络交友”有关的短文参加学校组织的英语作文比赛，内容包括：1.分析利与弊；2.提出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 迅速地：rapidly→promptly 拓宽：broaden→widen 缺点：drawback→disadvantage 欺骗：cheat→deceive 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：With science and technology developing rapidly, a growing number of people have been making friends online. 拓展句：As science and technology develop rapidly, a growing number of people have been making friends online. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Admittedly, the Internet makes it convenient for us to befriend people around the world, which has also broadened our horizons.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Then, it is most likely that we’ll get cheated by the so-called friends.（运用了it作形式主语，that引导主语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$