北京市八一学校2024-2025学年高三上学期开学摸底测试英语试题

北京市八一学校 2024-2025学年第一学期开学摸底测试 高 三 英 语 (考试时间: 90分钟 试卷满分: 100分) 2024.08 第一部分： 知识运用 (共两节， 30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 共15分) 阅读下面短文， 掌握其大意， 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Years of living with a lisp(口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my _1_, I felt distanced from most of my peer.“ Kathy? Oh, she's quiet.” That's what most people would say when they talked of me, as if“ Quiet” were part of my name. I was okay with that. I didn't need to be _2_. Last September, however, that all _3_. I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could share what we had written. I remember listening to others read their work and thinking:“ That will never be me. I' ll never have the _4_ to do that.” One day, I was really pleased with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those _5_ little voices were ringing in my ear,“ You have a lisp, remember? Besides, your writing isn't that good. Be quiet.”I was about to _6_ my hand when I met Ms. Haist's encouraging eyes. I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice _7_. I could hear it _8_ as I read, and I could hear every stutter(结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. Unexpectedly, I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist. The next day, I did it again. Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually I realized that _9_ my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most outgoing, social person, but I've become better at oral presentations. I even read my poetry out loud at a reading club. Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class and I know that I _10_ to be heard. 1. A. embarrassment B. excitement C. humor D. silence 2. A. seen B. heard C. followed D. protected 3. A. changed B. returned C. developed D. disappeared 4. A. time B. courage C. patience D. evidence 5. A. tired B. funny C. urgent D. cheerful 6. A. touch B. wave C. extend D. withdraw 7. A. go down B. die away C.come out D. calm down 8. A. shaking B. singing C. shouting D. deepening 9. A. thanks to B. despite C. instead of D. except 10. A. fear B. agree C. deserve D. pretend 第二节 语法填空(共10小题； 每小题1.5分， 共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A I was lucky enough to attend the sixth UN Economic and Social Council Youth Forum, _11_ was held in New York in January. At the opening ceremony, I was so impressed after meeting more than 500 fellow young people from over 200 countries and regions. I felt things I used to worry about, such as my exams or performance at school, were so small _12 _(compare) to the global problems they were trying to solve. As young people, we should focus more on major problems, like _13_ (poor), environmental problems and healthcare facing all human beings. B A BBC film crew was working on the remote Lord Howe Island for a new wildlife documentary called Drowning in Plastic. They filmed many birds that _14_ ( die) for no clear reason. After some research, they found out the truth— what caused the death of the birds was that their stomachs were _15_ ( literal) too full of plastic. The documentary team also filmed biologists working on the island to save the birds. The scientists captured hundreds of chicks and removed plastic from their stomachs _16_ ( give) them a chance of survival. C Nowadays, many people have more than one job, or a slash career. For people _17_( encourage) slash careers, secondary jobs _18_ ( become) enjoyable if they can include interests the primary job doesn't touch. On the other hand, a slash career can be dangerous_19_ work- life balance. Working more than one job can fill up all of your time. One might give up necessary things like relaxation, exercise or time with one's family. People with slash careers need to think carefully about _20_ they use their time. 第二部分： 阅读理解 (共两节， 38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题； 每小题2分， 共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中， 选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat! Traditional Air Conditioners (AC) are outdated. They cost a lot to install and even more to run. They are huge, noisy, and dangerous to clean. You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside! Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air. With over million units sold worldwide, this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets of 2024. EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer! What Are We Talking About? Meet the new AirFreez, an innovative. alternative to AC that cools you just the same! It's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights! The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers. They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use. The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with. So, they designed this light- weight, portable Air Cooling box. It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model! It's tiny, easy to use and it can cool you in seconds! What Is So Special About This Little Box? The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price. It is no larger than a lunchbox. Besides, it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit. And There Is One More Thing. The price is just amazing. Most AC units cost at least $300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month. AirFreez costs less than $100( Actually $53 for each if you buy more than one here). No messy installation, no expensive electricity bills. For a Cooling unit of this quality, this must be the single best price- quality AC unit there is! How Can You Get An AirFreez? Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention, here is how to get one — order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE. 21. Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez. A. Smart but fragile. B. Foldable and durable. C. Handy and energy- saving. D. Costly but multi- functional. 22. What can we learn about AirFreez? A. It costs less than $53. B. It doesn't consume electricity. C It is a little larger than a lunch box. D. It requires no complex installation. 23. What is the purpose of this passage? A. To advertise Airfreez. B. To explain the functions of AirFreez. C. To introduce the inventors of AirFreez. D. To compare AirFreez with traditional AC. B I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology (MIT). It was in the laboratory of Prof. Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software. One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement. The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to“ send man to the moon”. Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before, I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired. At the beginning, nobody thought software was such a big deal. But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it. Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission. My daughter, Lauren, liked to imitate me— playing astronaut. One day, she was with me when I was doing a simulation(模拟) of a mission to the moon. She started hitting key s and all of a sudden, she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch. The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon. I thought: my God— this could happen by accident in a real mission. I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight. But the higher- ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake. On the very next mission, Apollo 8, one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done. The Lauren bug! It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged. After that, they let me put the program change in. It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11. During the early days of Apollo, software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines (学科). It was out of desperation I came up with the term“ software engineering”. Then one day in a meeting, one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline, just like with hardware. It was a memorable moment. 24. What do we know about the author? A. She taught Lauren to write software. B. She got her master's degree from MIT. C. She is the first woman ever hired by MIT. D. She created the term“ software engineering”. 25.“ The Lauren bug” in Para. 5 refers to _. A. a mistake causing data loss B. a pet to accompany Lauren C. a software ending prelaunch D. a mission to land on the moon 26. What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage? A. The in- time upload of data. B. Experts’ new attitude. C. The program change. D. Astronauts' rich experience. 27. What can we learn from Margaret's story? A. Two heads are better than one. B. Chances favor the prepared mind. C. A good beginning is half done. D. Honesty is the best policy. C Is it true that our brain alone is responsible for human cognition (认知)? What about our body? Is it possible for thought and behavior to originate from somewhere other than our brain? Psychologists who study Embodied Cognition (EC) ask similar questions. The EC theory suggests our body is also responsible for thinking or problem- solving. More precisely, the mind shapes the body and the body shapes the mind in equal measure. If you think about it for a moment, it makes total sense. When you smell something good or hear amusing sounds, certain emotions are awakened. Think about how newborns use their senses to understand the world around them. They don't have emotions so much as needs— they don't feel sad, they' re just hungry and need food. Even unborn babies can feel their mothers’ heartbeats and this has a calming effect. In the real world, they cry when they’ re cold and then get hugged. That way, they start to associate being warm with being loved. Understandably, theorists have been arguing for years and still disagree on whether the brain is the nerve center that operates the rest of the body. Older Western philosóphers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact, while EC theorises that the brain and body are working together as an organic supercomputer, processing everything and forming your reactions. Further studies have backed up the mind- body interaction!. In one experiment, test subjects were asked to judge people after being handed a hot or a cold drink. They all made warm evaluations when their fingertips perceived warmth rather than coolness. And it works the other way too; in another study, subjects' fingertip temperatures were measured after being included in or“ rejected” from a group task. Those who were included felt physically warmer. For further proof, we can look at the metaphors(比方说法) that we use without even thinking. A kind and sympathetic person is frequently referred to as one with a soft heart and someone who is very strong and calm in difficult situations is often described as solid as a rock. And this kind of metaphorical use is common across languages. Now that you have the knowledge of mind- body interaction, why not use it? If you're having a bad day, a warm cup of tea will give you a flash of pleasure. If you know you're physically cold, warm up before making any interpersonal decisions. 28. According to the author, the significance of the EC theory lies in _. A facilitating our understanding of the origin of psychology B. revealing the major role of the mind in human cognition C. offering a clearer picture of the shape of human brain D. bringing us closer to the truth in human cognition 29. The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 4 further prove _. A. how body temperature is related to health B. the mind and the body influence each other C. environment impacts how we judge others D. how humans interact with their surroundings 30. What is the author's purpose in writing the last paragraph? A. To share with the reader ways to release their emotions. B. To guide the reader onto the path to career success. C. To encourage the reader to put EC into practice. D: To deepen the reader's understanding of EC. D If you look across the entire lifespan, what you see is an average increase in desirable personality traits(特点). Psychologists call this the“ maturity principle” and it's comforting to know that, assuming your personality follows a typical course, then the older you get, the maturer you will become. However, it's not such good news for young adolescents, because at this point, something known as the“ disruption hypothesis” kicks in. Consider a study of Dutch teenagers who completed personality tests each year for six or seven years from 2005. The boys showed a temporary dip in conscientiousness— orderliness and self- discipline in early adolescence, and the girls showed a temporary increase in neuroticism--emotional instability. This seems to back up some of the stereotypes we have of messy teen bedrooms and mood swings. Thankfully, this decline in personality is short-lived, with the Dutch data showing that the teenagers' previous positive traits rebound (反弹) in later adolescence. Both parents and their teenage children agree that changes occur, but surprisingly, the perceived change can depend on who is measuring, according to a 2017 study of over 2,700 German teenagers. They rated their own personalities twice, at age 1 1 and age 14, and their parents also rated their personalities at these times. Some differences emerged: for instance, while the teenagers rated themselves as declining in agreeability, their parents saw this decline as much sharper. Also, the teens saw themselves as increasingly extroverted(外向的), but their parents saw them as increasingly introverted. This mismatch can perhaps be explained by the big changes underway in the parent- child relationship brought on by teenagers' growing desire for autonomy and privacy. The researchers point out that parents and teens might also be using different reference points— parents are measuring their teenagers' traits against a typical adult, while the teenagers are comparing their own traits against those displayed by their peers. This is in line with several further studies, which also reveal a pattern of a temporary reduction in advantageous traits in early adolescence. The general picture of the teenage years as a temporary personality“ disruption” therefore seems accurate. In fact, we're only just beginning to understand the complex mix of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to individual patterns of personality change. Studies also offer some clues for how we might create more nurturing environments for teenagers to aid their personality development. This is an approach worth pursuing further given that teenage personality traits are predictive of experiences in later life. For instance, one British study of over 4,000 teenagers showed that those who scores lower in conscientiousness were twice as likely to be unemployed later in life, in comparison with those who scored higher. People focus so much on teaching teenagers facts and getting them to pass exams, but perhaps they ought to pay at least as much attention to helping nurture their personalities. 31. Which of the following can be an example of“ disruption hypothesis”? A. A college graduate feels stressed out by work. B. A teenage girl feels sad for unknown reason. C. A boy in high school cleans his own room. D. A kindergarten kid cries over a toy. 32. According to the study of German teenagers,_. A. parents and teens can later agree on teens' personality decline B. teens are more optimistic about their personality changes C. teens and parents have the same personality rating standard D. parents give their teens too much autonomy and privacy 33. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that _. A. teens should pay less attention to their scores in exams B. people's success in later life depends on teenage personality traits C. developing teens' personality has a long- term effect in their life D. environmental factors outweigh genetic ones for personality change 34. What is the author's attitude towards present teenager personality education? A. Cautious. B. Neutral. C. Approving. D. Dissatisfied. 第二节 (共5 小题； 每小题2分， 共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两 项为多余选项。 At one point or another, you've probably heard someone speak with confidence on a topic that they actually know almost nothing about. This phenomenon is known as the Dunning- Kruger effect, which refers to the finding that people who are relatively unskilled or unknowledgeable in a particular subject sometimes have the tendency to overestimate their knowledge and abilities. In a set of studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants to complete tests of their skills in a particular domain. Then, participants were asked to guess how well they had done on the test. _35_ This effect was most pronounced among participants with the lowest scores on the test. David Dunning explains that“ the knowledge and intelligence that are required to be good at a task are often the same qualities needed to recognize that one is not good at that task.” In other words, if someone knows very little about a particular topic, they may not even know enough about the topic to realize that their knowledge is limited. Importantly, someone may be highly skilled in one area, but be influenced by the Dunning- Kruger effect in another domain.36_ If people who know very little about a topic think they' re experts, what do experts think of themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger found that although experts typically guessed their performance was above average, they didn't realize quite how well they had done. They often make a different mistake: _37_ What can people do to overcome the effect? Dunning and Kruger once had some of the participants take a logic test and then complete a short training session on logical reasoning. After the training, the participants were asked to assess how they'd done on the previous test.38_ Afterward, the participants who scored in the bottom 25 percent lowered their estimate of how well they thought they had done on the initial test. In other words, one way to overcome the effect may be to learn more about a topic. The Dunnino- Kruger effect suggests that we may not always know as much as we think we do. _39_ However, by challenging ourselves to learn more and by reading about opposing views, we can work to overcome the effect. A. In some domains, we may not know enough about a topic to realize that we are unskilled. B. This means that everyone can potentially be affected by the Dunning- Kruger effect. C. They found that participants tended to overestimate their abilities. D All of them had a more accurate view of their performance. F. Thus happens when people don't know much about a topic. F They assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too. G. Researchers found that the training made a difference. 第三部分： 书面表达 (共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4 小题; 第40、41题各 2分, 第42题3分, 第43题5分, 共12 分)。 阅读下面短文， 根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Your quest for success and happiness begins with right intentions. It culminates(达到顶点) when you reach your chosen goals. What sustains your effort in between is your determination. What carries you towards your goals is your determination. It means the firmness of purpose or intention. If there is one gift that you can give to yourself in your life to be what you want to be, it is the power of determination. Without it you are a me re passive spectator in the drama of your life. If there is one quality that makes a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower, it is the power of determination. Without it, you may dream wild dreams, but you will not accomplish much in life. If you have determination, nothing can stop you and deter you from following your course of action to achieve your goals or realize your dreams. Obstacles may arise and obstruct your progress. They may delay your success, disturb you temporarily, and may even mislead you, but they cannot withstand the power of determination. It is the power that you generate within yourself to remain committed to your path and conviction, and march towards your cherished goals. Before you take up any project or goal, you should know whether you have the determination to stick to your plans and reach your goals. Your determination has to arise from within and derive its reinforcement from your thinking and beliefs rather than circumstances. Only then will you be able to sustain your effort, even when the going gets tough. Determination is your inner strength. Like the hardwood inside a tree, it gives you the power to stand tall and face the winds of turmoil. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you. You can find your way through the most difficult situations. Determination does not mean you will be insensitive to the reality of the situation. A determined person is also an adaptable and flexible person. He is not interested in being tough for toughness sake, but to overcome obstacles and reach his goals. Hence, he remains open- minded about possibilities and opportunities, but firm in his commitment and convictions. Discipline and determination go together. If you have them, you become unstoppable. 40. According to the passage, what is determination? 41. What would happen if one does not have determination? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. 43. How do you benefit from being determined?( In about 40 words) 第二节 (共20分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你校外教 Mr.Jason的线上英语课被评为“最受欢迎的线上课”。请你给他写一封电子邮件， 内容包括： 1. 表示祝贺； 2. 表达你对该课程的喜爱并解释原因。 注意: 1. 词数 100左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出， 不计入总词数。 Dear Mr. Jason, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua (请务必将作文写在答题纸指定区域内) 英语答案 2024年8月 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一书完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.B 10.C 第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 11.which 12.compared 13.poverty 14.had died 15.literally 16.to give 17.encouraging 18.will become 19.for 20.how 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.D 25.A 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.B 30.C 31.B 32.B 33.C 34.D 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个迭项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 35.C 36.B 37.F 38.G 39.A 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 40.It means the firmness of purpose or intention. 41.You will not accomplish much in life. 42. With determination, you can crush the mountains of fear and doubts in you, and you will not make changes. Determination can make a difference between a winner and a loser or a leader and a follower. 43.有理即可 第二节（20分） 略 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$