Unit 4 Body Language-【志鸿优化训练】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册笔记&必记（人教版2019）辽宁专用

UNIT4 BODY LANGUAGE每 UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE 核心单词 1.vary.(根据情况)变化：改变 vary in在…方面不同 vary from不同于… vary from…to…由…到…情况不同 variety n.变化：多样性 a variety of varieties of 各种各样的 all sorts of/all types of) various ad).各种各样的：多方面的 People's opinions about making net-friends vary from person to person,but the majority of people objeet to it due to a variety of reasons. 人们对交网友的看法因人而异，但是由于各种原因，大部分人反对交网友。 Though of the same family,the bird varies in size and colour. 虽属同科，但这种鸟大小、颜色不一。 We see examples of unconscious body language very often,yet there is also "learned"body language,which varies from culture to culture. 我们经常看到无意识的身体语言，但也有“习得的”身体语言，“习得的”身体语言在不同的文化中 各不相同。 2.approve vi.赞成：同意t.批准；通过 approve of(doing)sth赞成/同意… approval n.赞成，同意：批准，认可 win/earn sb's approval得到某人的赞许 meet with sb's approval得到某人的批准 with approval of经…的批准 disapprove vi.不赞成：不同意 He doesn't approve of my leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年离校。 By doing well at school he hoped to win his parents'approval. 他在学校表现不错，希望以此得到父母的赞许。 London Underground approved of the idea,and once sponsors had been found to pay the expenses for half the spaces,they agreed to pay for the other half. 伦敦地铁处赞成这个意见，一旦找到赞助商愿意支付一半的空间费用，他们就同意承担另一半费用。 3.differ vi..相异：不同于 differ from...in..与…在…方面不一样 differ with sb on/about sth与某人意见不同 difference n.不同；区别 make a difference有影响：有作用 tell the difference between分辨…的不同 different adj.不同的：相异的 be different from..in..与…在…方面不同 英语· 23 ☑笔记&必记 The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. 这两种英语另外两个不同的方面是拼写和发音。 Because a college community differs from the family,many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. 因为大学这个群体不同于家庭，许多学生都会努力寻找一种归属感。 French differs from English in this aspect. 在这方面法语不问于英语。 This picture is different from that one.Compare them and tell the differences between them. 这幅画和那一幅不同。比较一下，分辨出它们之间的不同。 One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。 4.「avour n,带助：恩惠：赞同，l.较喜欢：选择：有利于 ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙 do a favour for sb=do sb a favour给某人以恩惠；帮助某人 in one's favour有利于某人 in favour of支持：赞同：有利于 [avourable adj.赞同的：有利的 favourite adj.特别喜爱的n.特别喜爱的东西 I want to ask a favour of you/ask you a favour,will you lend me your car? 我想请你帮个忙，你能把汽车借我用一下吗？ Could you do me a favour and turn off that light? 劳驾，请您把那盏灯关掉好吗？ All the people present at the meeting are in favour of the plan. 出席本次会议的所有人都赞成该计划。 I'd appreciate it if you could do me the favour to help me correct my application and personal resume. 如果你能帮我修改一下我的申请书和个人简历，我会不胜感激的。 5.occupy v.占用：占据 occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth忙于/专心于（做）某事 be occupied in doing sth忙于做某事 be occupied with sth从事/忙于某事 keep sb occupied使某人忙碌 occupation n.占领：职业：工作 He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself with a very important experiment. 他本来要参加你的生日晚会的，但是他忙于一个非常重要的实验。 Occupied in looking after three children at home,she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club. 她忙于在家照顾三个孩子，再也无暇去俱乐部参加娱乐活动了。 During the war,Germany occupied many countries,including France. 在战争中，德国占领了包括法国在内的许多国家。 6.anxiety m.焦虑：担心：害怕 anxious adj.焦虑的：渴望的；急切的 be anxious about sth为某事担心 be anxious for sth渴望得到某物 be anxious(for sb)to do sth渴望（某人）做某事 ·英语 UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE anxiety m.焦虑：担心；渴望 with anxiety焦虑地 anxiously ad,焦急地：忧虑地：渴望地 I am very anxious about my son's health. 我非常担心儿子的健康。 Mother is more anxious to know the result of the examination than I am. 母亲比我更急于知道考试的结果。 Why is Zhou Kai's mother anxious? 为什么周凯的母亲那么焦虑？ Anxious all the time,I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time. 我总是处在焦虑中，没法让自己保持集中精力状态超过一小时。 7.react vi.(对…)起反应：回应：（对食物等）有不良反应 react to对…做出反应 react on./upon对…产生影响 react with与…产生化学反应 reaction n.反应 Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust. 铁与水和空气起化学反应而生成一层铁锈。 Applause can react greatly on/upon a speaker. 听众的掌声对演讲人会有很大的影响。 What was his reaction to your remarks? 他对你的话有何反应？ But when you share a story with your friends,you care a lot more how they react. 但是当你和你的朋友分享一个故事时，你会非常在意他们的反应。 核心短语 1.by contrast相比之下 The private sector,by contrast,has plenty of money to spend. 相比之下，私营部门就有很多钱可供开销。 Hungary,by contrast,reacted calmly to events in Yugoslavia. 相比之下，匈牙利对南斯拉夫发生的一系列事件反应平静。 By contrast,the comparable figure for the Netherlands is 16 percent. 相反，荷兰的相对数字为16%。 2.approve of赞成；赞同 The council is considering whether to approve of the use of firearms. 政务委员会正在考虑是否要批准动用武器。 Her parents did not approve of her decision. 父母不赞成她的决定。 I didn't approve of his manner. 我不喜欢他的态度。 3.body language肢体语言 Her expression is concerned but her body language does not correspond. 她满脸关切之情，但她的肢体语言并非如此。 Body language can also be used to attract members of the opposite sex. 英语· 25 ☑笔记&必记 肢体语言也可以用来吸引异性的注意。 Read their body language.Are their eyes wandering or are they drumming the desk with their fingers? 解读他们的肢体语言。他们的眼睛是否游离不定？抑或他们是否在用手指不停地敲打桌子？ 4.by comparison(与…)相比较 The rest of the arts scene looks increasingly turgid by comparison. 比较而言，艺术界的其他领域似乎越发索然无味 Those places are modern by comparison with Tresillian. 与特西利安相比，那些地方很现代。 He came off well by comparison with the others. 跟别人相比，他表现得很好。 5.break down消除；分解：打破 The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition. 警察设法制止了那个囚犯的反抗。 His early experience enabled him to break down barriers between Scottish Catholics and Protestants. 他早年的经历使他能够消除苏格兰天主教徒和新教徒之间的隔阂。 When marriages break down children are swept into the vortex of their parents'embittered emotions. 当婚姻破裂时，孩子们也被卷进父母感情日益恶化的漩涡中。 6.get through完成：度过：穿过：用完 It is hard to see how people will get through the winter. 难以想象人们将怎样熬过这个冬天。 The window was far too small for him to get through. 窗户对他来说实在太小，他钻不过去。 You'll get through at least ten nappies a day. 你每天至少得用10块尿布。 7.in other words换句话说：也就是说 In other words,she must give up singing. 换言之，她必须放弃唱歌。 He became.in other words,a great hero. 换句话说，他成了一位伟大的英雄。 The mobile library services have been reorganisedin other words,they visit fewer places. 流动图书馆的服务重新作了安排一换句话说，他们去的地方减少了。 8.as though好像：仿佛 The company treated me as though I were skiving. 公司对待我的态度就好像我上班时溜号了似的 Her nostrils were pinkish,as though she had a cold. 她的鼻孔略带粉红，好像患了感冒似的。 They looked at her as though she was erackers. 他们那样看着她，好像她疯了一样。 9.call on(短暂地)访问：要求（某人讲话等）：正式邀请 Why should they get first call on the best property? 凭什么最好的房产要尽着他们先挑？ He decided to pay a call on Tommy Cummings. 他决定去看望一下汤米·卡明斯。 Sofia was intending to call on Miss Kitts. 26 ·英语 UNIT4 BODY LANGUAGE每 索菲娅打算去拜访基茨小姐。 10.at work有某种影响：在工作 At work,he was chained to a system of boring meetings. 上班时，他淹没在枯燥乏味的会议中 Mum was still at work when I got back. 我回来的时候，妈妈还没下班。 The report suggested that the same trend was at work in politics. 这份报告表明，同一趋势也在影响着政治。 核心句式 1.We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. 在与其他人的交流中，我们用语言和肢体语言来表达我们的思想和观点。 2.We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. 通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以知道他们的很多想法。 3.Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口语一样，肢体语言因文化而异。 4.In many Middle Eastern countries,men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. 在许多中东国家，社会上不允许男女之间进行眼神交流。 5.In France,a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. 在法国，面对同样的手势，人们会将其理解为“零”的意思。 6.By comparison,in Bulgaria and southern Albania,the gestures have the opposite meaning. 相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部，手势的含义正好相反。 7.Elsewhere,people favour shaking hands,bowing from the waist,or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 在其他地方，人们遇到他人时喜欢握手、弯腰鞠躬或者点头。 8.A good way of saying"I am full"is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 表达“我吃饱了”的一个不错的方法是饭后用手在肚子上画圈。 9.A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 微笑可以帮助我们度过困境，并且在陌生的世界里找到朋友。 10.Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. 专家建议对着镜子中的自己微笑，让自己感觉更快乐、更强大。 11.Many students are quite shy and don't speak all that much. 许多学生相当害羞，所以他们不愿意说太多话。 12.So,how can I really know what makes each student tick? 那么，我是如何搞清楚每个学生为何会这样的呢？ 13.It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open. 他们好像在睁着眼睛睡觉。 14.While it is easy to perceive when students are interested,bored,or distracted,it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. 尽管学生们何时感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，有时要发现学生何时有困扰 却难得多。 英语· 27 ☑笔记&必记 话题作文人际沟通与社会交往 I,话题词汇 1.delight n.快乐：乐事 2.pleasure n.高兴；愉快 3.happiness n.幸福：愉快 4.please vt.使人高兴：使人满意 5.excited adj.激动的 6.thrilled adj.兴奋的 7.pleased adj.高兴的 8.merry adj.高兴的；愉快的 9.sadness.悲哀；忧伤 10.sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛 1l.refuse vt.&.vi.拒绝，不愿 12.reject vt..拒绝接受 l3.decline vt.&.i.拒绝 I4.appreciate vt.感谢：感激 l5.acknowledge ut.承认；感谢 16.grateful adj.感激的：感谢的 17.thankful adj.感谢的：感激的 18.invite ut.邀请 19.welcome ut.欢迎：迎接 20.part vi.&.t.(使)分离；（使）分开 2l.departure n.离开；出发 22.congratulation m.祝贺：庆贺 23.congratulate vt..祝贺 24.suggest vr.建议：提议 25.suggestion.建议 26.order ut..命令 27.command vr.命令.指挥：控制 28.demand ut.要求 29.force vt..强迫；迫使 30.warn vt.警告 31.caution.警告：谨慎：小心 32.bann.禁令vt.禁止：取缔 33.prohibit.禁止 34.forbid vt.禁止；不许 35.apologise vi..道歉 36.apology m.道款：款意 37.pardon vt..&.n.原谅；宽恕 38.excuse vt.原谅：宽恕n.借口：理由 39.annoy vt..使…不悦；惹恼 40.accept vt.接受；接纳 4l.adapt vi..&.t.(使)适应：（使）适合 28 ·英语 UNIT 4 BODY LANGUAGE 42.overcome ut..控制（感情）：克服（困难） 43.reward.报酬：奖赏 44.ambition n.雄心；野心 45.injury m.伤害：损害 46.disappoint vi..&,vl.(使)失望 47.ashamed adj.惭愧的：害臊的 48.tolerate ut.容许：允许：忍受 49.support n.&vi.支持：赞同 50.approve.&vi.赞成：同意；批准：通过 Ⅱ.话题短语 1.body language肢体语言 2.in other words换句话说 3.in the face of sth面对 4.for a particular purpose为了一个特殊的目的 5.,be of importance to sb对某人重要 6.be increasing in popularity越来越受欢迎 7.be associated with与…相关 8.make fun of取笑 9.make a living谋生 10.adapt.…t0使…适应… Il,overcome difficulties克服困难 12.call on sb to do sth号召…做 13.make up one's mind to do sth下决心做某事 14.have difficulty(in)doing..做…有闲难 I5.congratulate sb on sth就…向某人表达祝贺 I6.receive many awards for因为…获得很多奖 17.be cautious about对…谨慎 18.be in a good mood心情好 I9.be/feel heartbroken感到伤心 20,facial expressions面部表情 Ⅲ.话题佳句 1.He who makes constant complaint gets little sympathy. 经常诉苦，没人同情。 2.We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the test results. 我们度过了焦急等待考试结果的几周。 3.While the world is full of suffering,it is also full of overcoming it. 虽然世界充满苦难，但是苦难总是可以战胜的。 4.It is also a virtue to forgive.especially in such a competitive and stressful society. 宽恕也是一种美德，尤其是在这样充满竞争和压力的社会。 5.Instead of blaming each other,we should communicate more and put ourselves in other's place,which can help us have a better understanding of others. 不要彼此责备，我们应该多交流，从对方角度考虑，这将有助于我们更好地理解别人。 6.The majority of students believe that interest will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills,which may put them in a favourable position in the future job market. 大部分学生相信，兴趣会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有 英语· 29 ☑笔记&必记 好处的。 7.In my opinion,this relationship should be filled with love,care,understanding,and respect,so we can exchange ideas freely and get along well with each other. 我认为，这种关系应该充满爱、关心、理解和尊重，因此我们能够自由地交换观点，并且能够相处融洽。 8.I'm sorry to have quarreled with you about knocking you down the day before yesterday.I feel that it's improper for me to do that,so I make a sincere apology to you and hope that you will forgive me. 前天因撞倒你而与你吵架，我感到很抱歉，我认为那样做不合适，因此我向你真诚地道歉并希望你 原谅我。 9.If you have any difficulty in fulfilling the task,you can ask others for help,but remember, never give up. 如果你完成这项任务有任何困难，可以向其他人寻求帮助，但请记住永远也不要放弃。 10.Whatever we do,we take it for granted that we can overcome all the difficulties in our life in a happy mood. 无论我们做什么，我们理所当然地认为我们能快乐地克服生活中的所有困难 IWN,话题作文 假如你是李华，你的美国网友Dad能很好地进行公开演讲，但却不善于与他人交流，因此缺少朋友，经 常感到很孤独，请你据此给他写一封80词左右的电子邮件，内容要点如下： 1.对他的情况表示同情： 2.建议他加入辩论队或话剧社等社团并说明原因： 3.相信他会走出困境。 参考范文： Dear David. I'm glad to hear from you.I'm really sorry to hear you're feeling lonely.Here is my advice for you. Have you thought of using your talent to join the debate team or drama club,which would be good ways of meeting new friends?Common hobbies are the basis of making friends.What's more,I advise you to talk to others actually.If you try talking to one or two people each day,you'll figure out who is interested in befriending you.After all,friendships start with conversations. I hope this will help you to make more friends.And I'm convinced that you will get out of the trouble. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 30 ·英语