Unit1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage & Integrated skills Ⅰ.重点单词 基础单词 1．　welfare　 n. 幸福，福祉；福利 2．　accommodation　 n. 住处 3．　manner　 n. 方式，方法；举止 4．　church　 n. 教堂；礼拜 5．　code　 n. 行为规范，道德准则；法规，法典；密码 6．　item　 n. 一件商品(或物品)；项目 7．　statue　 n. 雕像，雕塑 8．　souvenir　 n. 纪念物，纪念品 9．　antique　 n. 文物，古董adj. 古老的，古董的 10．　vase　 n. 花瓶，装饰瓶 11．　furniture　 n. 家具 拓展词汇 12．　surrounding　 adj. 周围的，附近的→　surround　 v. 围绕 环绕 13．　harmony　 n. 融洽，和睦；和谐→　harmonious　 adj. 和睦的 融洽的 14．　sustain　 vt. 使保持，使稳定持续；维持→　sustainable　 adj.可持续的→　sustainability　 n. 持续性 15．　consumption　 n. 消耗，消耗量；消费→　consume　 v．消耗 消费→　consumer　 n. 消费者 16．　elegant 　 adj. 漂亮雅致的，精美的；优美的，文雅的→　elegance　 n. 优雅→　elegantly　 adv. 优美地 Ⅱ.重点短语 1．　come down to 　　可归结为，可归纳为 2．　dress code　　着装规定 3．　make one's way to　　去，前往 4．　in a．..manner　　以某种方式 5．　cut back on　　削减；降低 6．　faint­hearted 　　胆小的人 7．　stick to　　坚持；紧跟 8．　live in harmony with　　与……和谐相处 Ⅲ.重点句型 1．　While I see/understand what you say　， I can't agree with you. 尽管我明白你的话，但我还是不能同意你的意见。 2．　Below is an article　 about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism. 以下是一篇有关旅游优缺点的文章。 [重点词汇] 1．surrounding adj.周围的，附近的 (1)surround v.　环绕；围绕 surround...with...　以……包围…… be surrounded by/with...　被……包围/环绕 (2)surroundings n．(pl.)环境；周围的事物 Once upon a time，a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings. 从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一位国王，他对邻邦十分友好。 [即学活用] 单句语法填空 ①Steve arrived and sat in the front row, 　surrounded　 (surround) by his family. ②The 　surrounding　 (surround) villages have been absorbed by the growing city. ③Surrounding yourself 　with　 people who'll pr­ovide you with support can be very beneficial. ④The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well­being, as well as lost opportunities (机会), for children to get to know their local 　surroundings　 (surround). 2．harmony n．融洽，和睦；和谐 in harmony with　与……协调一致/相和谐 out of harmony with　与……不协调 live in harmony　和睦相处 The only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature. 我们生存的唯一途径就是与自然和谐相处。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①The violin was 　out of harmony with　 the rest of the instruments. 小提琴与其他乐器不协调。 ②They realized they should be 　in harmony with the environment　. 他们意识到他们应与环境和谐相处。 ③My cat and dog 　live in perfect harmony　. 我的猫和狗相处得十分和睦。 3．manner n．方式，方法；举止；(manners)礼貌 (1)in a．..manner　以……方式 (2)table manners　餐桌礼仪 (3)It's good/bad manners to do sth　做某事是有/没礼貌的 I plan to make it in an admirable manner. 我打算以一种令人钦佩的方式来做这件事。 [名师点津]　manner作“方式；举止”讲时，常用单数；而作“礼貌；礼仪”讲时，常用复数。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①We can solve the problem 　in a peaceful manner　. 我们可以以和平的方式解决这个问题。 ②You'd better 　pay attention to your table manners　 at the dinner party. 你最好在晚宴上注意一下你的餐桌礼仪。 ③　It's bad manners to talk　 with your mouth full. 嘴里塞满了东西说话是不礼貌的。 4．make one's way to去，前往 push one's way　推开通过；挤过去；挤着前进 fight one's way　奋斗前行；挣扎着前进 find a way out　找到出路 lose one's way　迷路 wind one's way　蜿蜒前进 pay the way for　为……铺平道路 We made our way to the farm singing and laughing. 我们又唱又笑地向农场走去。 [即学活用] 完成句子 ①The team slowly 　made their way to　 the top of the mountain. 这个队缓慢地向山顶前进。 ②Saying “Excuse me”， Seaton 　pushed his way　 into the crowded living room. 西顿一边说着“借过”，一边奋力挤进了拥挤的客厅。 ③A blind man 　fought his way　 on the road with the stick on his hand. 一位盲人撑着手中的拐杖在路上奋力地行走着。 ④The Great Wall 　winds its way　 across north China like a huge dragon. 长城像一条巨龙蜿蜒穿过中国北方。 非限制性定语从句 一、非限制性定语从句的特点 1．非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常用逗号隔开，是对先行词的附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。 The children, who wanted to have a journey, were disappointed when the journey was cancelled. 当旅行被取消时，那些想旅行的孩子都感到失望。 That they will get married，which has not been announced，has spread around. 他们要结婚的消息还没有被宣布，却已经被传得沸沸扬扬。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可为单个的名词或代词，也可为整个主句或主句的一部分，且常译成与主句并列的句子。 We'll graduate in July，when we will be free.(先行词为名词) 我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。 He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.(关系词指代整个主句的内容) 他经常上学迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。 [对点训练1] 完成句子 ①Rome can be pricey for travelers， . 罗马对旅行者来说是昂贵的，这就是为什么很多人选择住在旅社。 ②I am glad to invite you to a music festival， . 我很高兴邀请你参加将要在我们学校音乐厅举行的音乐节。 ③Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears， . 就人类为什么哭的时候流泪科学家提出来许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。 ④We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， . 我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。 答案　①which is why many choose to stay in a hostel ②which will take place in the music hall of our school ③none of which has been proved ④when the weather may be better 二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系词 1．关系代词 which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；who/whom指人，who在从句中作主语，而whom在从句中作宾语；as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语、宾语；whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。 He wasn't unconscious, as could be judged from his eyes. 他并未失去知觉，这从他的眼神可以判断出来。 Mr King, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。 2．关系副词 when指代时间，在从句中充当时间状语，可与“介词＋which”互换；where指代地点，在从句中充当地点状语，可与“介词＋which”互换。 We will put off the outing until next Sunday, when/on which we won't be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期天，那时我们就不会那么忙了。 Yesterday, they went out to have a picnic in the park, where/in which they had a good time. 昨天，他们出去在公园里野餐了，在那里他们玩得很开心。 [名师点津] (1)非限制性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。 (2)非限制定语从句中，不用why引导，用for which代替why。 He has been busy with his work the whole holiday, which has made his daughter unhappy. 他一整个假期都忙于工作，这令他的女儿很不高兴。 The reason, for which he was absent from the meeting, wasn't given. 他为何缺席会议，没有给出理由。 [对点训练2] 用恰当的关系词填空 ①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)There was a man sick in bed, his wife, 　who　 took care of him and could not go out to work, and their little boy. ②This is the village, 　where　 the great man was born. ③Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Mac­clesfield, 　which　 she opened with her late husband Les. ④Kate, 　whose　 sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. ⑤He, 　as　 you know, is an excellent basketball player. 三、as与which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 as which 指代 引导从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导从句既可指代整个主句的内容，也可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句之前、之中或之后 引导从句只能位于主句之中或之后 意义 正如，正像 这一点，这件事 功能 表示说话人的观点、看法、态度、解释或评论 对主句所叙述的事情进行补充说明，表明事物的状态或结果 As we all know, plants and animals are important to us. 众所周知，植物和动物对我们很重要。 The student，as was expected, achieved a great success. 正如所期盼的，这位学生取得了巨大的成功。 Catherine will attend a friend's wedding, which she is busy preparing for now. 凯瑟琳将参加一个朋友的婚礼，现在她正忙着为此做准备。 [对点训练3] 选词填空(as/which) ①(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)　As　 the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. ②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)One nonprofit organization，　which　 monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year. ③There is no simple answer, 　as　 is often the case in science. ④The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，　which　 he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 四、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 意义 起限定作用，指特定的人或物，从句不可省略，否则原句句意不完整 仅作补充或说明，若去掉从句，主句意思完整 结构 要求 紧跟先行词，从句与先行词之间不加逗号 用逗号与先行词或主句隔开 功能 修饰先行词 修饰先行词或整个主句 引导词 所有的关系代词及关系副词 关系代词或关系副词，但是关系代词that及关系副词why除外 When you reach the village, you will first find a house whose windows were made of wood. 当你到达那个村庄时，你首先会发现一座有着木窗的房子。 They enjoyed beautiful scenery in the mountain area, where they also did some climbing. 他们在这个山区欣赏了美景，在那里他们还爬了山。 [巧学助记] 定从分类有奥妙，限与非限看逗号； 定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜； 定从先行很紧密，代副两词拉关系。 [对点训练4] 用恰当的关系词填空 ①(2021·浙江6月高考)There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home 　where　 neighborhood children gather to play. ②Material collecting took us a whole week, during 　which　 we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. ③The netizens(网民) 　who　 don't voice their opinions account for ten percent. [随堂演练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．According to this travel agency's rules, hotel 　accommodation　 (accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday. 2．The 　surrounding　 (surround) small towns have been absorbed into the city. 3．Her 　elegant　 (elegance)style sets her apart from other journalists. 4．Will you be able to make your own way 　to　 the station? 5．Their disagreement comes down 　to　 money. After all, the profit is not that much. 6．The architecture here is 　harmonious　 (harmony) and no building is over five or six floors high. 7．The creation of an efficient and 　sustainable　 (sustain) transport system is critical to the long­term future of the Xiong' an New Area. 8．　Consumption　 (consume) rather than saving has become the central feature of contemporary societies. 9．She and her family bicycle to work, 　which　 helps them keep fit. 10．Kate, 　whose　 sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia. Ⅱ.用适当的关系词填空 1．The film brought the hours back to me 　when　 I was taken good care of in that far away village. 2．China, 　which　 was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. 3．This is the same dictionary 　as/that　 I lost last week. 4．A young man had a new girlfriend, 　whom　 he wanted to make impressions on. 5．Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, 　where　 a conference was to be held. 6．Mr Zhang, 　who　 is an old friend of mine, came to see me yesterday. Ⅲ.用定语从句将下面句子合并成复合句 1．I've never heard of the people and things. You talked about them just now. →　I've never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now　. 2. You are asking a question. The question is the only one that hasn't been answered. →　The question you are asking is the only one that hasn't been answered　. 3．We visited the museum last Sunday. The museum is being decorated now. →　The museum (that/which) we visited last Sunday is being decorated now　. 4．That evening I ended up working very late. I will tell you more about it later. →　That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late　. 5．I wish to thank Professor Smith. Without Smith's help I would never have got this opportunity. →　I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this opportunity　. Ⅳ.用适当的关系词完成短文 Harry Potter fans have been waiting eagerly for the movie, 1.　whose　 name is Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them. J. K. Rowling, 2.　who　 is the author of the best selling Harry Potter book series, wrote the screenplay, 3.　which　 introduces viewers to the American wizarding world. A recent press event in New York City offered a sneak peek (先睹为快)into Rowling's magical universe.The film is set in the 1920s, long before the time, 4.　when　 Harry Potter was born. Eddie Redmayne stars as Newt Scamander, an animal expert, 5.　who　 is also a wizard. Scamander arrives in New York City, 6.　where　 he has a chance encounter with a No­Maj (不会魔法的人)，7.　which　 leads to a series of terrifying events. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$