Unit4 Section Ⅱ Grammar & Writing(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

[限时检测] (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 With the COVID­19 virus sweeping the globe，the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus.Though it may still take many months for a smoker's lungs to heal from damage caused by long­term smoking，your health can noticeably improve in the days and weeks after quitting in ways that could make a difference against the virus.COVID­19 creates an added sense of urgency，and there's enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic (疫情) could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus. If you make the decision to quit，the cilia(纤毛) in your lungs are one of the first parts of your body to heal.These hair­like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs.They help your body fight off colds and infection.They also help clear mucus(黏液)，so if they're not functioning as well as they should，mucus can build up in the lungs.Your body's tendency to cough during an infection helps inspire the bodily process of clearing out mucus.That's vital in fighting the COVID­19 condition.The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they don't have a strong enough cough to clear it up. A second short­term gain from quitting smoking comes from reducing ongoing inflammation (炎症) in your body，which can make you infect COVID­19 more easily.Having your lungs in as good of shape as you can in case of a coronavirus infection is key. Besides lung­related issues，quitting smoking can also deliver healthy benefits to the heart that could help prevent possible heart attacks，which are another cause of death in COVID­19 cases.After you quit smoking, your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting.Heart attacks are less likely.One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body. 1．What is the use of the lung cilia? A．Cleaning up the lungs. B．Killing the COVID­19 virus. C．Predicting lung infections. D．Reducing breathing difficulty. 2．Why are the old at higher risk to the coronavirus? A．They cannot go out during the pandemic. B．There is too much mucus in their lungs. C．Most of them are heavy smokers for years. D．They are lacking in the care of their children. 3．What good does quitting smoking do to heart? A．Strengthen the heart muscle. B．Turn blood to be much thicker. C．Make the blood flow smoother. D．Speed the heartbeat up apparently. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Quitting smoking can help defend COVID­19. B.Ways to make a difference against coronaviruses. C．The COVID­19 virus is threatening humans worldwide. D．Protecting the smokers' lungs to heal from damage. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了戒烟有助于抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。 1．A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“These hair­like projections wave back and forth like a brush as air moves in and out of your lungs.They help your body fight off colds and infection.They also help clear mucus，so if they're not functioning as well as they should，mucus can build up in the lungs.(当空气进出你的肺部时，这些毛发状的突起像刷子一样来回摆动。它们帮助你的身体抵御感冒和感染。它们也有助于清除黏液，所以如果它们的功能不好，黏液会在肺部积聚。)”可知，肺部纤毛的作用是清洁肺部。 2．B　细节理解题。由第二段中的“The elderly are at a greater risk for too much lung fluid that often limits breathing following coronavirus infection because they don't have a strong enough cough to clear it up.(老年人患冠状病毒感染后肺液过多的风险更大，因为他们没有足够强烈的咳嗽来消除肺部积液。)”可知，老年人肺部积水更多导致他们感染病毒的风险更大。 3．C　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“After you quit smoking，your blood becomes thinner and less possible to setting.Heart attacks are less likely.One reason this happens is because smoking makes it harder for the heart to distribute blood throughout the body.(戒烟后，你的血液变得稀薄，不太可能凝固。心脏病发作的可能性较小。发生这种情况的一个原因是吸烟使心脏更难将血液输送到全身。)”可知，戒烟会使血液流动更加顺畅。 4．A　主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“With the COVID­19 virus sweeping the globe，the science on quitting smoking offers welcome news for smokers who want to build up their defenses in case they contract the virus.(随着COVID­19病毒席卷全球，戒烟科学为那些想增强防御能力以防感染病毒的吸烟者带来了可喜的消息。)”和第一段最后一句“COVID­19 creates an added sense of urgency，and there's enough reason to believe that quitting smoking during the pandemic could increases your opportunities of fighting off the virus.(COVID­19会增加一种紧迫感，而且有足够的理由相信在疫情期间戒烟可以增加抵抗病毒的机会。)”可知，本文论述戒烟有助于抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。 Ⅱ.语法填空 Global Positioning System，or GPS，is a system that can track location by using satellites in space and receivers on Earth.It can calculate 1.______ something is and how fast it's moving.The system 2.______(run) by the US Air Force and uses a network of more than 30 satellites that orbit the planet.These satellites send out regular signals that can be detected on Earth.A receiver is 3.______(constant) getting signals from these satellites，which can be used like a giant tape measure 4.______ the receiver and satellites. A GPS receiver measures how long it takes for signals from 5.______ (difference) satellites to hit it.It then calculates its position from that information.Then，the map can use the location information 6.______(calculate) how to get from that spot to wherever a person wants to go. The system 7.______(rely) on stations on Earth to communicate with the satellites.These stations track each 8.______(satellite) location in space and the health of its batteries. Lots of things now have GPS receivers inside，9.______(include) smartphones，cars and even dog collars.People put GPS receivers on anything they want to find if it gets lost，or use them to help travel to 10.______ new place. 【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。GPS(全球定位系统)已经在生活中普遍使用了。文章介绍了其定位原理及其定位功能等。 1．where　考查宾语从句引导词。所填词引导宾语从句，作calculate的宾语。根据上文可知，GPS是定位系统，因此是计算某物所在的方位。 2．is run　考查动词的时态和语态。本文都是一般现在时态；另外根据后面的by the US Air Force可知要使用被动语态。 3．constantly　考查副词。此处修饰动词listening，故使用副词形式。 4．between　考查介词。此处考查习惯搭配between...and...。 5．different　考查形容词。此处修饰后面的名词satellites，故使用形容词作定语。 6．to calculate　考查非谓语动词。此处为use sth.to do sth.这一结构，应用动词不定式。 7．relies　考查动词的时态。根据上下文可知，此处使用一般现在时；另外主语The system为单数形式。 8．satellite's　考查名词所有格。根据句意可知，此处表示“每一颗卫星的方位”，故使用名词satellite的所有格形式。 9．including　考查非谓语动词。此处为include的现在分词形式在句中作状语。 10．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示“一个新的地方”，表示泛指，故使用不定冠词。 Ⅲ.写作 第一节 假如你是李华，春节期间，你所在的志愿者小组就如何在疫情期间科学防疫进行了一次线上服务活动。请你根据以下要点提示给外文网写一篇新闻报道： 1．活动形式和内容； 2．活动反响。 注意：1.词数80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：the COVID­19新型冠状病毒 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 An online voluntary activity To prevent the COVID­19 and protect ourselves, an online voluntary activity was organized by our group of volunteers during the Spring Festival. First，we invited professional experts to give online instructions，ranging from the correct way to wash hands to indoor body­building exercises.Besides，we take turns to answer people's questions online, not only easing their anxiety but also providing them with confidence.More importantly，we appealed to people to minimize outdoor activities，avoid crowded places and wear a mask. This activity was highly praised，which gave more people confidence that the COVID­19 could be controlled and finally defeated with our joint efforts. 第二节　 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 I was lacking in everything needed to start a new friendship. My parents moved to the town when they decided to look for new jobs but they didn't realize I was really hurt when I said goodbye to my old friends.It felt awful to be a new student in the school and when my classmates were chatting，what I could do was to be caught up in my thoughts watching the clouds outside the window.I was not good at math or history；nor was I good at drawing or dancing.I was shy and timid.I had a few friends back at my hometown and it seemed that they were the only ones who I could be friends with for my whole life.I felt I had achieved a point of saturation with regard to having friends and I could make no further addition to my friend list.I was ashamed of myself，so I believed I deserved no notice from others until Emily came to my world. Emily was fearless，outspoken and easy to go.She was everything I was not and I was too shy to come out of my shell.I met Emily in school almost every day and yet I never talked to her.We were in the same class but we were like poles apart.How I wished I could be like her or at least be a friend of hers! It was another ordinary day. I wandered to the bus stop in the morning and waited for the school bus.Birds were singing songs with their friends but who could I sing songs with? I got on the bus and went straight to my usual seat，complaining in a low voice about getting up early and going to school like every other day，and about how things were going to be the same all over again.Little did I realize something different would happen that day. When I got up to get off the bus，my schoolbag was stuck in the armrest. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ I got noticed by Emily，who brought me courage to start a new friendship！ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考译文】 When I got up to get off the bus，my schoolbag was stuck in the armrest.I didn't notice it and stood up with all my strength.Unfortunately, my schoolbag was torn apart and all the contents fell on the ground.I knelt down to pick them up.Suddenly，I saw a hand passing me some of the books.I looked up and found it was Emily who was helping me.With her help，I put all the contents back to my schoolbag.I began to talk with her and was surprised to find that we had much in common. I got noticed by Emily，who brought me courage to start a new friendship! One day when I told her that I admired her and how I wished to be a friend of hers，she said，“We have already been friends.”I felt so happy that I even sang a song.Hearing my song，she thought highly of it and asked me to teach her to sing it.She made me realize how unique I was and at last I came out of my shell. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$