Unit4 Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit，Reading & Grammar and usage(Word练习)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（译林版2020）

[限时检测] (限时30分钟) Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Astronauts travelling in space meet various forms of radiation that are uncommon on Earth.Some of the radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health.It is linked to cancers and heart problems.Yet a new American study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts' lives. Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data of male astronauts from the United States.They then compared the data with information about a group of men who are in good health，richer than most Americans and receive good health care—professional athletes.The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age.In fact，both groups generally live longer than other Americans. Astronauts are usually well­educated，earn more money and are in better physical condition than the average American.Some earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death，the researchers noted.The findings were reported in Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Much of the existing research on mortality rates of astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job.There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”．This effect shows people with employment of any kind have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work，said Robert Reynolds. Reynolds said，“The challenge has always been to understand whether astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had been otherwise comparably employed but had never gone to space at all.To do this，we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.” 1．How did researchers carry out their study? A．By doing interviews. B．By analysing some factors. C．By comparing different data. D．By doing experiments in the lab. 2．What can we learn from the text? A．All radiation is harmful to human health. B．Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans. C．“Healthy worker effect”shows working people are healthier. D．Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts. 3．What can be inferred from Reynolds' words? A．Researchers are determined to face the challenge. B．The research is almost impossible to conduct. C．Several important factors hold back the research. D．Astronauts are not as healthy as athletes. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise B．Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes C．Radiation Affects Astronauts' Health D．Astronauts—Be Well­Educated and Earn More 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命，但其健康状况是否会受到影响仍然是未知的。 1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data...They then compared the data with information about...”可知，研究人员是通过对比不同的数据进行研究的。故选C项。 2．C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the‘healthy worker effect.’This effect shows people with employment of any kind have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work，said Robert Reynolds.”可知，“健康工作者效应”显示，有工作的人比那些不能工作的人有更少的健康方面的问题，即有工作的人身体更健康，故选C项。 3．B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段雷诺兹的话可知，这项研究还面临着挑战，而最大的问题是，如果这些宇航员当初没有去太空，而是被雇用做了其他工作，那么他们的健康状况是否与现在相同。要想完成这项研究，则需要找到在这几个重要因素上具有对照性的群体，由此推断这项研究不太可能进行，故选B项。 4．A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明，太空辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命，但其健康状况是否受到影响仍然是未知的。故A项Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise(宇航员——健康与否)适合作本文的标题。 B The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty.Since the 1980s，some have spoken out against coffee as it is harmful to health，while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health. According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption，three to five cups per day，can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern，along with other healthful behaviours. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson's disease. According to Dr.Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic，high consumption of coffee has health risks.Dr.Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body.Some studies say that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people. According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr.Gregory Marcus，a doctor from the University of California，San Francisco，daily moderate consumption of coffee，less than 4 cups，is not associated with these issues. Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health，it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks. When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee，Harwood，a high school student stated，“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee，for the most part，coffee drinking sounds good for health.Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.” 5．What is people's attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1? A．Disapproving.　　　　　 B．Tolerant. C．Doubtful. D．Mixed. 6．What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Personal. B．Slight. C．Reasonable. D．Heavy. 7．What can we infer about Harwood? A．He'll keep on drinking coffee. B．He loves his high school life. C．He often falls asleep in class. D．He has some health problems. 8．What would be the best title for the text? A．Why People Love Coffee B．How Coffee Affects Health C．The Culture of Coffee Drinking D．The New Findings of Heart Disease 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。咖啡对人体健康的影响究竟是好还是坏，这一点一直存在争议。据科学报告显示，每天适量饮用咖啡对身体有益，但过度饮用咖啡会对身体健康造成不良影响。但是在科学界达成共识之前，饮用咖啡是否利大于弊取决于个人情况。 5．D　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Since the 1980s，some have spoken out against coffee as it is harmful to health，while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.”可知，一些人抵制咖啡，认为它有害于健康；另一些人支持咖啡，认为它对健康有益，由此可见人们对咖啡的观点是褒贬不一的。故选D项。 6．C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“...daily moderate consumption of coffee，less than 4 cups，is not associated with these issues.”及上文第二段中的“three to five cups per day，can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern(每天3至5杯咖啡可以被视为是健康的饮食方式)”可推知，moderate的意思应该是“适量的；合理的”。故选C项。 7．A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中哈伍德的原话“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee，for the most part，coffee drinking sounds good for health.Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”可知，哈伍德还会继续喝咖啡。故选A项。 8．B　主旨大意题。全文主要论述了咖啡对人体健康的影响。第一段讲人们对咖啡对健康的影响的看法；第二、三段主要讲科学报告显示，适量饮用咖啡对身体有益，但过度饮用则对身体健康产生不良影响；第四、五段告诉我们在科学界对此达成共识之前，饮用咖啡是否利大于弊取决于个人(情况)。故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读填句 As is often the case，it is human nature to lead a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle and most of us are so involved in our busy schedules that we don't even notice our bad habits.Many worry about the “right time” or “right age” to start working out.__1__Here're some practical tips to help you get fit. Master your mind.Most people argue that they are too tired or too old to start exercising.Doing so is much easier than trying to change the busy lifestyle.Change your mindset and be more confident in improving your health.__2__ Easy does it.Once you have chosen a fitness programme，start slowly and increase it in stages.Begin with just a few minutes of gentle exercises and stretches.__3__ About 30 minutes should be devoted to your workout.As your body starts to respond and your muscles get used to the exercises，you can gradually increase the length of your workout. Always warm up.Always remember to warm up your muscles before exercising.Gentle warm­ups will reduce your risk of injury，aches and pains，and increase blood circulation and flexibility. __4__ There's no quick access to getting fit.It's a common mistake to do too much too soon.If you don't know how to balance your needs and your expectations，you might seriously injure your muscles or just create stress. Cool down.When you finish your routine，you need to cool your muscles down and let your heart rate slow gradually.__5__ A．Don't overload your body. B．Never ignore your potential. C．Tell your body to be more active and say，“I can do it.” D.However，nobody cares about what you have done for them. E．Go next to do some mild activities such as walking，jogging or cycling. F．Cooling down will help your body to return to its pre­exercise level. G．But it's never too late for them to start exercising and all they need is enough determination. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何改变久坐的坏习惯，并提供了让人们开始锻炼的一些建议。 1．G　根据设空处上一句“Many worry about the ‘right time’or ‘right age’to start working out.”和设空处下一句引出建议可知，设空处应该讲任何时候开始锻炼都不晚，G项符合语境，G项中的they指代前面的Many。故选G项。 2．C　根据本段主旨句“Master your mind.”和空前“Change your mindset and be more confident in improving your health.”一句中的confident可知，此处是说要改变你的心态，并且要对改善你的健康更有信心。C项(让你的身体更加活跃，并告诉自己：我能做到)承接上文，符合语境。故选C选。 3．E　本段讲锻炼的步骤，根据空前的“Begin with just a few minutes of gentle exercises and stretches.”可知，此处应接着说，接下来要做的锻炼类型，E项(接下来去做一些不剧烈的活动，例如散步、慢跑或骑行)符合语境。Go next与Begin with呼应。故选E项。 4．A　根据空后的“There's no quick access to getting fit.It's a common mistake to do too much too soon.”可知，本段是建议不要让你的身体负担过重。故选A项。 5．F　本段中的关键句为“Cool down”，F项中的“Cooling down”与之呼应，此处是总结说放松下来会帮助你的身体恢复到运动前的水平。故选F项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$