Chapter 2 动词时态（二）笔记-【语法宝典】2025学年中考英语语法培优生笔记（全国通用）

chapter 2 动词时态二 笔记 ·模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense ·模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense ·模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense ·模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense ·模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense ·模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense 模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense 结构公式：sb. have/ has done 时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few years 现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。 比较：(学生版不出现) I had 10 hamburgers today.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。） I have had 10 hamburgers today. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。） 现在完成时有两个主要用法： 用法 含义 标志词 例句 已完成 动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在. just already，yet Your letter has just been received. 未完成 动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在 for…, since… They have lived here for more than twenty years. *Hanged, hanged绞死 Hung, hung 悬挂 Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的） ♥Attention♥ 你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？ recently, lately, 总次数……（XX times） 1. since用法 结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语 1) I’ve known my best friend since we were in high school. 2. 瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用 瞬间动词变成延续动词 1) borrow---_____keep______________ 2) buy-----_______have______________ 3) catch a cold----_have a cold_________ 4) die---_________be dead___________ 5) fall asleep---___be asleep___________ 6) fall ill-----______be ill______________ 7) join------_______be in______________ 8) leave---_______be away____________ 9) marry----______be married_________ 10) start----_______be on______________ 11) end----_______ be over___________ 3. have been VS have gone 总结： have been to___去过_（去了已经回来） have gone to 表示_去了（去了还没回来） have been in (始终呆在一个地方) 4. 特别句型 a. It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时 · It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wonderful performance. 这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。 b. It/this is + 最高级/the best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时 · ‘Get away!’ is the only words that she has ever said to me. 女神对我说的唯一一句话是“滚开”。 5. 现在完成时和过去时区别 总结： 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。 到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时 强调某一次动作用 一般过去时 ♥Attention♥ Yet，so far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。 ★真题试炼★ 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 3．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A．has been B．has to go C．has gone 4．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A．been to B．gone to C．been in 5．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 6．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it? —________ a week. A．keep, For B．borrow, For C．lend, In 7．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already. A．eat B．ate C．have eaten 8．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 9．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A．will work B．have worked C．is working 10．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense 结构公式：had done 时间状语：by+过去时间 The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance. 达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。 Sense and Sensibility 1. 过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。 · His mother had gone to work by the time he arrived home. 2. 如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。 · He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. ★真题试炼★ 11．（21-22九年级上·广东深圳·期中）During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________. A．would recommend B．had recommended C．have recommended D．were recommending 12．（22-23九年级上·上海宝山·开学考试）Chris told Stacie that he _________ what he was doing during the vacation. A．was just asked B．was just asking C．just asked D．had just been asked 13．（23-24九年级上·湖北孝感·期中）The house ________ at the foot of a hill. When we arrived, the old man had ________ snacks out on the table. A．lies; laid B．lays; lied C．lies; lay D．lays; lay 14．（22-23九年级上·吉林长春·期末）By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my key at home. A．have left B．had left C．would left D．left 15．（22-23九年级上·吉林长春·期末）—What happened to you last night? —We were stuck in the heavy traffic, and by the time we arrived at the restaurant, it ________. A．has been closed B．was closed C．is closed D．had been closed 16．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ on for half an hour. A．has been B．had begun C．had been D．has begun 17．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）I heard great changes ________ in our school. A．had taken place B．took place C．take place D．have taken place 18．（23-24九年级上·山东东营·期末）By the end of last month they ________ thousands of apple trees on the mountain. A．have planted B．had planted C．planted D．would plant 19．（2023·江西上饶·模拟预测）— How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there? — About ten minutes. A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on 20．（23-24九年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）The man insisted that he ________ the old lady’s money and ________ at once. A．didn’t steal; set free B．hadn’t stolen; set free C．didn’t steal; be set free D．hadn’t stolen; be set free 模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense 结构公式一：would do 结构公式二：was/were going to do 时间状语：soon, the next day, the next month, the next year等 表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。 ★真题试炼★ 21．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）The president promised he himself ________ the opening ceremony. A．attended B．had attended C．would attend D．will attend 22．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Months ago Iran and KSA were in agreement that they ________ along with each other. A．got B．get C．were getting D．would get 23．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）I never imagined I ________ full marks in the PE test. But I made it. A．got B．get C．will get D．would get 24．（2023·甘肃陇南·二模）The radio said that it _________ cloudy the next day. A．will B．was C．would be D．are 25．（22-23九年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—I saw a self-driving bus in front of Jinkui Park last weekend. —Oh, it is amazing! I never expected they ________ so soon. A．came B．was coming C．would come D．will come 26．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Betty promised that she ________ me a present if I finished the extra work. A．had given B．has given C．would give D．will give 27．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—I saw self-driving buses on Zhenghe Road last weekend. — Oh, it’s amazing! I never expected they ________ so soon. A．appeared B．would appear C．will appear D．are appearing 28．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）—You know what? Jason reached here last night. —Wow, I never thought he ________ so early. A．arrives B．arrived C．would arrive D．has arrived 29．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）The students decided they ________ as WWF volunteers as soon as the summer vacation came. A．worked B．will work C．have worked D．would work 30．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）— Oh, baby! I didn’t expect you ________ such a beautiful card for me. Thank you! — I’m glad you like it, mum. Happy birthday! A．had made B．have made C．would make D．will make 模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense 结构公式：have/has been doing 时间状语：so far, since +现在时间,for +一段时间, all morning等 In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over（仔细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” The Great Gatsby 现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时间做某事；表示感情色彩。 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: 1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较： · I have read this book. （ 我读过这本书。 ） · I have been reading this book. （ 我一直在读这本书 ） ♥Attention♥ 1) 有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。 · How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了？ · 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。 I have lived here/have been living here since 1988. 2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。 · 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)__I've waited for 2 hours__ · 我等了两个小时。(等得望穿秋水)____ _ I have been waiting for 2 hours. 3) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。 · 我认识她刚刚两天。__I have just known her for two days. · 他们结婚已二十年了。_They have been married for ten years.___________________ 4) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。 · 这房子已漆了一个月。_ The house has been painted for a month.// We have been painting this house for a month._ · 这个问题已被研究了五天。 The problem has been studied for 5 days.// We have been studying this problem for 5 days. 5) 现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同 现完 现完进 已完成 √ × 未完成 √ +for/ since… √（+for/ since…） 情感 × √ 被动语态 √ × 适用动词 （有since/for：不能用瞬间V） 除不能用进行时的V （心理V；情感V；结果V；瞬间V……） ★真题试炼★ 31．（2021·安徽阜阳·一模）My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years. A．was working B．is working C．has been working D．will working 32．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）—Where is mother? —She is in the kitchen. She ________ the housework all morning. A．is doing B．was doing C．has done D．has been doing 33．（23-24九年级上·甘肃武威·开学考试）I have been ________ English since I was seven. A．learned B．learn C．learning D．learns 34．（23-24九年级上·湖北武汉·开学考试）—I hear the Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history in China. —Yes! Chinese people ________ the festival for centuries. A．have been celebrating B．are celebrating C．celebrated D．will celebrate 35．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone. —Sorry, I ________ at that time. A．mustn’t; would have been sleeping B．couldn’t; should have slept C．couldn’t; must have been sleeping D．might not; need have been slept 模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense 结构公式：had been doing 时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时间 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。 · 去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。 He quit/gave up smoking last year. He had been smoking for 30 years. 模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense 结构公式：will have done 时间状语：before+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时 表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。 · I am sure he will have finished his work by the time you are there. 时态Summary 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 work(s) is/am/are working have/ has worked have/has been working 过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working 将来 will/ shall work is/am/are going to work … will be working will have worked will have been working 过去将来 would work was/were going to work… would be working would have worked would have been working 1. 根据“标志词”确定时态 短语 所对应时态 短语 所对应时态 now 一般现、现进 how often 一般现、一般过 at this time yesterday 过去进行 how long 现完、现完进 last year/month 一般过 since when 现完 by the end/time of +过去时间 过完 in the past three years 现完 by the end/time of +将来时间 讲完 Watch out！ 现在进行 2. 根据语境确定时态 1) —Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here. —Oh, sorry I _____B_____. A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. can’t know 2) —Your phone number again? I ____A____ quite catch it. —It’s 7226109. A. didn’t B. won't C. don’t D. can’t 3) —Alice. why didn’t you come yesterday? —I __C_______, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 4) ----Mom, 4 plus 4 is 9, right? ----Honey, I ____C_____ you _________ wrong. A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are 5) ----Darling, I am sorry. I _B__you ________coming tomorrow morning, so I didn't prepare dinner for you. A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are 3. 在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如: see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到) 结果类动词 不能用进行时 work 表示机器不能正常运行、运转时 常用do/doesn’t work； open, close, lock 表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时 常用won’t open /close /lock等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。 · —Can I help you, sir? —Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _D____. A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work · 窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。 The window won't open. I need to find someone to repair it.// I need to have it repaired. (have sth done让别人来做，但不强调是谁) 综合检测 用实践检验真知 36．（2024·山西临汾·二模）Miss Lin ______ a lot of work for the poor area since 2015. A．does B．did C．has done D．will do 37．（24-25九年级上·安徽安庆·开学考试）Billy ________ to many places of interest in China over these years. A．will travel B．has traveled C．travels D．traveled 38．（2022·江苏无锡·三模）At first, people didn’t know how long the lockdown ________ because the pandemic broke out suddenly. A．lasted B．lasts C．has lasted D．would last 39．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Lu Hong, who has an intellectual disability, said he ________ more jobs to help disabled people in the future. A．will provide B．has provided C．would provide D．provided 40．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）— Dad promised that he ________ us to watch Wandering Earth II this evening. But where’s he? — Maybe he forgot. Let’s ask him. A．took B．will take C．would take D．has taken 41．（2023·黑龙江·二模）—What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ________ the Disney World the next day. A．would visit B．is visiting C．will visit 42．（2024·湖南怀化·一模）By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my homework at home. A．left B．had forgotten C．had left 43．（2024·黑龙江双鸭山·一模）By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my homework at home. A．left B．had forgotten C．had left 44．（2024·四川成都·二模）—Did you see the basketball star yesterday when he came to visit our school yesterday? —No, by the time I got to school, he ________. A．has left B．had left C．leaves 45．（2024·四川成都·一模）—Helen, did you go to school to see the concert? —No, when I arrived, the concert ________. A．finished B．had finished C．will finish 46．（2024·吉林松原·一模）— Why was the teacher angry with you? — I didn’t turn in my homework. When I got to school, I realized that I ________ it at home. A．have left B．had left C．had forgotten 47．（2024·四川成都·一模）—I heard that Uncle Zhao ________ more than 20 countries since 2010. —Yes, and he thinks it’s very wonderful. A．had been in B．had traveled to C．traveled to 48．（2024·四川成都·二模）People in Chengdu ________ paper money called Jiaozi before Marco Polo introduced it to the western world. A．will use B．use C．had used 49．（2024·四川成都·三模）The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, because she ________ before. A．didn’t fly B．hasn’t flown C．hadn’t flown 50．（2024·黑龙江绥化·三模）When I got to the airport, I realized I ______ my passport at home. A．left B．had left C．had forgotten 51．（2024·黑龙江·三模）By the time the teacher arrived, the students ________. A．left B．had left C．have left 52．（2024·云南德宏·一模）The strong boy has learned to play Chinese Kungfu ________ he was very young. A．as B．since C．while D．before 53．（24-25九年级上·云南昆明·开学考试）According to a recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), a lot of wild animals __________ because of humans’ activities since 1970. A．will be endangered B．have been endangered C．have endangered D．were endangered 54．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）—Where is your elder brother? —He ________ to the US on business. He ________ there twice. A．has gone; has been B．has gone; has been to C．has been; has gone D．has been; has been in 55．（24-25九年级上·广东广州·开学考试）I’m nearly lost in my hometown because it ________ a lot since I left. A．has changed B．changed C．changes D．is changing 56．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）— Liu Yifei has acted ________ 2002. — So she has been an actress ________ 22 years. A．for；since B．for；for C．since；for D．since；since 57．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）—The exchange students from Singapore ________ Shaanxi History Museum two days ago. —Wow. As a local person, I have never ________ there before. A．visited; gone B．have visited; gone C．visited; been D．have visited; been 58．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）The fireman has ________ just for an hour last night, ________ have his partners. A．fallen asleep; so B．been asleep; so C．fallen asleep; neither D．been asleep; neither 59．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）Bell ________ the telephone in the past. And people ________ this invention for hundreds of years. A．invented; used B．discovered; have used C．invented; have used D．discovered; used 60．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·模拟预测）Two buildings ________ in our school by the end of next year. A．will finish B．will have been finished C．will be finished 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ chapter 2 动词时态二 笔记 ·模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense ·模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense ·模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense ·模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense ·模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense ·模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense 模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense 结构公式：sb. have/ has done 时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few years 现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。 比较：(学生版不出现) I had 10 hamburgers today.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。） I have had 10 hamburgers today. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。） 现在完成时有两个主要用法： 用法 含义 标志词 例句 已完成 动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在. just already，yet Your letter has just been received. 未完成 动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在 for…, since… They have lived here for more than twenty years. *Hanged, hanged绞死 Hung, hung 悬挂 Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的） ♥Attention♥ 你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？ recently, lately, 总次数……（XX times） 1. since用法 结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语 1) I’ve known my best friend since we were in high school. 2. 瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用 瞬间动词变成延续动词 1) borrow---_____keep______________ 2) buy-----_______have______________ 3) catch a cold----_have a cold_________ 4) die---_________be dead___________ 5) fall asleep---___be asleep___________ 6) fall ill-----______be ill______________ 7) join------_______be in______________ 8) leave---_______be away____________ 9) marry----______be married_________ 10) start----_______be on______________ 11) end----_______ be over___________ 3. have been VS have gone 总结： have been to___去过_（去了已经回来） have gone to 表示_去了（去了还没回来） have been in (始终呆在一个地方) 4. 特别句型 a. It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时 · It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wonderful performance. 这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。 b. It/this is + 最高级/the best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时 · ‘Get away!’ is the only words that she has ever said to me. 女神对我说的唯一一句话是“滚开”。 5. 现在完成时和过去时区别 总结： 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。 到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时 强调某一次动作用 一般过去时 ♥Attention♥ Yet，so far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。 ★真题试炼★ 1．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hurry up! The movie ________ for ten minutes. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）I ______ Yancheng Park several times, so I know a lot about it. A．was visiting B．have visited C．visit D．will visit 3．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—May I speak to Wang Hong? —Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ to Beijing. A．has been B．has to go C．has gone 4．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）—Have you ever ______ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. I went there on our last school trip. A．been to B．gone to C．been in 5．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—Lucy, where is Mr. Wang? —Hе ________ Beijing to attend a meeting. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in 6．（2024·黑龙江·中考真题）—The book is worth reading. How long may I ________ it? —________ a week. A．keep, For B．borrow, For C．lend, In 7．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）—Would you like something to eat, Mr. Song? —No, thanks. I’m not hungry. I ________ some zongzi already. A．eat B．ate C．have eaten 8．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）So far, some of the dialects (方言) ________ in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color. A．were B．are C．have been D．will be 9．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）The astronauts of the Shenzhou-18 ________ in the Tiangong space station for about two months since they were sent into space in April this year. A．will work B．have worked C．is working 10．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Red Star Over China（《红星照耀中国》）is a great book. I ________ it three times already. A．read B．reads C．has read D．have read 参考答案： 1．C 【详解】句意：快点！电影已经开始十分钟了。 考查时态。根据“for ten minutes”可知电影已经开始十分钟了，用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。begin是非延续性动词，延续性动词是be on。故选C。 2．B 【详解】句意：我已经参观过盐城公园好几次了，所以我对它了解很多。 考查现在完成时。根据句中的“several times”可知，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时have/has done的结构。故选B。 3．C 【详解】句意：——我可以和王红通话吗？——对不起，她不在家。她去北京了。 考查现在完成时。has been to去过某地，已经回来；has to go to不得不去；has gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“she is not at home”可知，王红不在家，即她去了北京，还未回来，应用has gone to。故选C。 4．A 【详解】句意：——你去过长城吗？——是的，我去过。我上次学校旅行时去了那里。 考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地，已经回来；have gone to去了某地，还未回来；have been in待在某地。根据“I went there on our last school trip.”可知，“我”去过长城，且已经回来了，应用have been to。故选A。 5．A 【详解】句意：——露西，王先生在哪里？——他去北京参加会议了。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地，还没回来；has been to去了某地，已经回来；has been in待在某地。分析句子可知，对话发生时王先生不在，可知他去北京还未回来，应用has gone to。故选A。 6．A 【详解】句意：——这本书值得一读。我可以借多久？——一周。 考查动词及介词辨析。keep保存，延续性动词；borrow借入，非延续性动词；lend借出，非延续性动词；For连接一段时间；In后接年、月、季节等。第一空与How long连用，应用延续性动词；第二空“a week”表一段时间，用For。故选A。 7．C 【详解】句意：——宋先生，你想吃点什么吗？——不用了，谢谢。我不饿。我已经吃了一些粽子。 考查动词时态。结合“already”可知此处需用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选C。 8．C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，一些方言已经使用了数千年。它们充满了地方色彩。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“so far”可知，句子应用现在完成时，排除A、B和D选项。故选C。 9．B 【详解】句意：神舟十八号航天员自今年4月发射升空以来，已在天宫空间站工作了约两个月。 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，此处是含since引导的时间状语从句的复合句，从句时态用一般过去时，主句时态应用现在完成时，结构是have/has done。故选B。 10．D 【详解】句意：《红星照耀中国》是一本好书。我已经读了三遍了。 考查现在完成时。根据“already”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的助动词是“have”，故选D。 模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense 结构公式：had done 时间状语：by+过去时间 The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance. 达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。 Sense and Sensibility 1. 过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。 · His mother had gone to work by the time he arrived home. 2. 如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。 · He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. ★真题试炼★ 11．（21-22九年级上·广东深圳·期中）During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________. A．would recommend B．had recommended C．have recommended D．were recommending 12．（22-23九年级上·上海宝山·开学考试）Chris told Stacie that he _________ what he was doing during the vacation. A．was just asked B．was just asking C．just asked D．had just been asked 13．（23-24九年级上·湖北孝感·期中）The house ________ at the foot of a hill. When we arrived, the old man had ________ snacks out on the table. A．lies; laid B．lays; lied C．lies; lay D．lays; lay 14．（22-23九年级上·吉林长春·期末）By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my key at home. A．have left B．had left C．would left D．left 15．（22-23九年级上·吉林长春·期末）—What happened to you last night? —We were stuck in the heavy traffic, and by the time we arrived at the restaurant, it ________. A．has been closed B．was closed C．is closed D．had been closed 16．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）By the time I got to the cinema, the film ________ on for half an hour. A．has been B．had begun C．had been D．has begun 17．（22-23九年级上·云南昆明·期末）I heard great changes ________ in our school. A．had taken place B．took place C．take place D．have taken place 18．（23-24九年级上·山东东营·期末）By the end of last month they ________ thousands of apple trees on the mountain. A．have planted B．had planted C．planted D．would plant 19．（2023·江西上饶·模拟预测）— How long ________ the movie ________ when the students got there? — About ten minutes. A．has; begun B．had; begun C．has; been on D．had; been on 20．（23-24九年级上·江苏苏州·阶段练习）The man insisted that he ________ the old lady’s money and ________ at once. A．didn’t steal; set free B．hadn’t stolen; set free C．didn’t steal; be set free D．hadn’t stolen; be set free 参考答案： 11．B 【详解】句意：在西安期间，杰瑞几乎尝遍了朋友们推荐的所有当地美食。 考查时态。根据“During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends...”可知，“推荐”这一动作发生在“尝试”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故选B。 12．D 【详解】句意：克里斯告诉斯泰西，他刚刚被问到假期打算做什么。 考查过去完成时的被动语态。根据“Chris told Stacie that he…what he was doing during the vacation.”可知，he和谓语动词之前是被动关系，因此此处谓语动词用被动形式，排除B、C选项；又因为句子是表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或者完成了的动作，因此此处用过去完成时，其被动语态形式为“had been done”。故选D。 13．A 【详解】句意：这所房子坐落在山脚下。当我们到达时，这个老人已经在桌子上放好了零食。 考查时态和动词辨析。lies位于，坐落在；laid放（过去式）；lay放。根据“The house…at the foot of a hill.”可知，房子坐落在山脚下，应该用lie，且陈述客观事实，应该用一般现在时，主语The house是第三人称单数，故第一空填lies。根据“the old man…snacks out on the table.”可知，老人放好了零食，应该用lay，根据“had”可知，此处句子时态为过去完成时时，lay的过去分词是laid。故选A。 14．B 【详解】句意：当我到达学校时，我意识到我把钥匙忘在家里了。 考查时态。根据“By the time I got to school”可知，钥匙忘在家里的时间发生在“过去的过去”，即我到达学校之前，所以该句应用过去完成时态，构成是“had+过去分词”，故选B。 15．D 【详解】句意：——你昨晚发生了什么事？——我们被困在拥挤的交通中，当我们到达餐厅时，已经关门了。 考查过去完成时。by the time表示“到……时候”，引导从句的时态为一般过去时，则主句的时态要用过去完成时，体现“过去的过去”。故选D。 16．C 【详解】句意：我到电影院的时候，电影已经开始半个小时了。 考查动词时态。begin开始；be on上映。根据“By the time I got to the cinema”可知，主句时态是过去完成时，结构为“had+过去分词”；“for half an hour”是时间段，和延续性动词be连用。 故选C。 17．A 【详解】句意：我听说我们学校发生了很大的变化。 考查过去完成时态。根据“I heard great changes...in our school”可知，“发生变化”发生在“听说”之前，此处动作表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had done。故选A。 18．B 【详解】句意：截至上月底，他们已经在山上种了成千上万棵苹果树。 考查过去完成时。根据时间状语“By the end of last month”可知，句子的时态是过去完成时，其谓语动词构成是had done，所以空处应是had planted。故选B。 19．D 【详解】句意：——当学生们进去的时候，电影播放了多久？——大约10分钟。 考查过去完成时。has/had助动词；begun开始，非延续动词；been on开始，表状态。根据“when the students got there”可知，when后面引导的从句是一般过去时，电影是在学生进去之前开始播放的，所以是过去的过去，助动词用had；因电影的播放是延续性动作，需用been on。故选D。 20．D 【详解】句意：那人坚持说他没有偷老太太的钱，要马上释放他。 考查过去完成时和虚拟语气。insist意为“坚持认为”时，用陈述语气；意为“坚持要求”时，用虚拟语气，其后宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省去。第一空，insist意为“坚持认为”，且“偷”发生在主句谓语动词“insisted”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为had done，排除A、C；第二空，insist意为“坚持要求”，主语“he”与set free“释放”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，即be set free，排除B。故选D。 模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense 结构公式一：would do 结构公式二：was/were going to do 时间状语：soon, the next day, the next month, the next year等 表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。 ★真题试炼★ 21．（2023·江苏无锡·二模）The president promised he himself ________ the opening ceremony. A．attended B．had attended C．would attend D．will attend 22．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Months ago Iran and KSA were in agreement that they ________ along with each other. A．got B．get C．were getting D．would get 23．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）I never imagined I ________ full marks in the PE test. But I made it. A．got B．get C．will get D．would get 24．（2023·甘肃陇南·二模）The radio said that it _________ cloudy the next day. A．will B．was C．would be D．are 25．（22-23九年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—I saw a self-driving bus in front of Jinkui Park last weekend. —Oh, it is amazing! I never expected they ________ so soon. A．came B．was coming C．would come D．will come 26．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Betty promised that she ________ me a present if I finished the extra work. A．had given B．has given C．would give D．will give 27．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）—I saw self-driving buses on Zhenghe Road last weekend. — Oh, it’s amazing! I never expected they ________ so soon. A．appeared B．would appear C．will appear D．are appearing 28．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）—You know what? Jason reached here last night. —Wow, I never thought he ________ so early. A．arrives B．arrived C．would arrive D．has arrived 29．（2024·江苏无锡·三模）The students decided they ________ as WWF volunteers as soon as the summer vacation came. A．worked B．will work C．have worked D．would work 30．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）— Oh, baby! I didn’t expect you ________ such a beautiful card for me. Thank you! — I’m glad you like it, mum. Happy birthday! A．had made B．have made C．would make D．will make 参考答案： 21．C 【详解】句意：总统答应亲自出席开幕式。 考查动词的时态。根据“promised”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情，应该用过去将来时。故选C。 22．D 【详解】句意：几个月前，伊朗和沙特阿拉伯达成协议，他们将和睦相处。 考查动词时态。根据句子结构，句子为宾语从句，根据主句中“were in agreement that”可知，此处指达成协议，协议的内容应用一般将来时，且主句为过去时，则从句应用过去将来时，故选D。 23．D 【详解】句意：我从没想过我会在体育考试中得了满分。但我成功了。 考查动词时态。根据“I never imagined”可知，此处表示的是从过去某个时间看将要或将来发生的事，应用过去将来时。故选D。 24．C 【详解】句意：收音机说第二天是多云天气。 考查动词时态。此句是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，遵循“主过从必过 ”；再根据“the next day”可知从句应用过去将来时would do。故选C。 25．C 【详解】句意：——我上周末在金魁公园前看到一辆无人驾驶巴士。——哦，太神奇了！我从没想到他们会这么快出现。 考查时态。根据“I saw a self-driving bus in front of Jinkui Park last weekend.”可知，该句时态是一般过去时；再根据时间状语“soon”可知，此处是表示在过去某时刻想到将来要发生的事情，时态需用过去将来时，过去将来时的结构为：would+动词原形。故选C。 26．C 【详解】句意：贝蒂承诺如果我完成了额外的工作，她会给我一个礼物。 考查时态。根据“Betty promised that she ...”可知是对未发生的事情做出的承诺，要用将来时，承诺是过去做出的，用过去将来时，其结构为would do。故选C。 27．B 【详解】句意：——我上周末在郑和路上看到无人驾驶巴士。——哦，太神奇了！我从没想到他们会这么快出现。 考查时态。根据“I saw self-driving buses on Zhenghe Road last weekend.”可知，该句时态是一般过去时；再根据时间状语“soon”可知，此处是表示在过去某时刻想到将来要发生的事情，时态需用过去将来时“would+动词原形”，故选B。 28．C 【详解】句意：——你知道吗？Jason昨晚到这了。——哇，我从没想过他会这么早到。 考查时态。根据“I never thought he...so early.”可知，此句为宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句动作发生在将来，应用过去将来时，结构为would+动词原形。故选C。 29．D 【详解】句意：学生们决定一到暑假就作为世界野生动物基金会的志愿者工作。 考查动词时态。根据“as soon as the summer vacation came”可知，此处是对过去的将来进行预测，因此时态为过去将来时，结构为would do。故选D。 30．C 【详解】句意：——哦，宝贝！我没想到你给我做了这么漂亮的卡片。谢谢你！  ——我很高兴你喜欢，妈妈。生日快乐！ 考查时态。had made过去完成时；have made现在完成时；would make过去将来时；will make一般将来时。“I didn’t expect you”可知，这里表示过去对将来的预测，用过去将来时。故选C。 模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense 结构公式：have/has been doing 时间状语：so far, since +现在时间,for +一段时间, all morning等 In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over（仔细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” The Great Gatsby 现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时间做某事；表示感情色彩。 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: 1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较： · I have read this book. （ 我读过这本书。 ） · I have been reading this book. （ 我一直在读这本书 ） ♥Attention♥ 1) 有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。 · How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在这儿工作多久了？ · 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。 I have lived here/have been living here since 1988. 2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。 · 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)__I've waited for 2 hours__ · 我等了两个小时。(等得望穿秋水)____ _ I have been waiting for 2 hours. 3) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。 · 我认识她刚刚两天。__I have just known her for two days. · 他们结婚已二十年了。_They have been married for ten years.___________________ 4) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。 · 这房子已漆了一个月。_ The house has been painted for a month.// We have been painting this house for a month._ · 这个问题已被研究了五天。 The problem has been studied for 5 days.// We have been studying this problem for 5 days. 5) 现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同 现完 现完进 已完成 √ × 未完成 √ +for/ since… √（+for/ since…） 情感 × √ 被动语态 √ × 适用动词 （有since/for：不能用瞬间V） 除不能用进行时的V （心理V；情感V；结果V；瞬间V……） ★真题试炼★ 31．（2021·安徽阜阳·一模）My father ________ in a panda protection center for 10 years. A．was working B．is working C．has been working D．will working 32．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）—Where is mother? —She is in the kitchen. She ________ the housework all morning. A．is doing B．was doing C．has done D．has been doing 33．（23-24九年级上·甘肃武威·开学考试）I have been ________ English since I was seven. A．learned B．learn C．learning D．learns 34．（23-24九年级上·湖北武汉·开学考试）—I hear the Mid-Autumn Festival has a long history in China. —Yes! Chinese people ________ the festival for centuries. A．have been celebrating B．are celebrating C．celebrated D．will celebrate 35．（2022·重庆渝中·模拟预测）—I called you last night at 9:30 and I believed you ________ be at home because no one answered the phone. —Sorry, I ________ at that time. A．mustn’t; would have been sleeping B．couldn’t; should have slept C．couldn’t; must have been sleeping D．might not; need have been slept 参考答案： 31．C 【详解】句意：我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年。 考查现在完成进行时。根据“My father … in a panda protection center for 10 years.”结合语境可知我父亲已经在熊猫保护中心工作了10年，而且动作还将继续下去，因此时态应用现在完成进行时，其结构为have/has+been+动词的现在分词；故选C。 32．D 【详解】句意：——妈妈在哪里？——她在厨房里。她整个上午都在做家务。 考查动词时态。根据“all morning.”可知表示的是一段时间，指的是过去发生的动作持续了一上午，并有可能继续下去，使用现在完成进行时have/has been +doing。故选D。 33．C 【详解】句意：我从七岁起就一直在学英语。 考查时态。根据“I have been...English since I was seven.”及语境可知，是指从7岁开始一直在学英语，而且还将继续进行下去，所以时态是现在完成进行时，其结构为“have been doing sth.”。故选C。 34．A 【详解】句意：——我听说中秋节在中国已经有很长一段历史。——是的！几个世纪以来，中国人一直在庆祝中秋节。 考查动词的时态。根据句意和“for century”可知，中国人庆祝中秋节这一动作，从过去到现在一直在做，且还会已知持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时，结构是have/has been doing。故选A。 35．C 【详解】句意：——我昨晚9:30打电话给你，我相信你不可能在家，因为没有人接电话。 ——对不起，我当时一定在睡觉。 考查否定的推测和现在完成进行时。根据“because no one answered the phone.”可知，这里应该是否定的推测，用couldn’t be；第二个空是对系动词be的完成时态事情的肯定性很大的推测，我那时候一定是睡着了，be sleeping睡着了，是一种睡着的状态，应该用现在完成进行时，即：have been sleeping。故选C。 模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense 结构公式：had been doing 时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时间 表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。 · 去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。 He quit/gave up smoking last year. He had been smoking for 30 years. 模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense 结构公式：will have done 时间状语：before+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时 表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。 · I am sure he will have finished his work by the time you are there. 时态Summary 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 work(s) is/am/are working have/ has worked have/has been working 过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working 将来 will/ shall work is/am/are going to work … will be working will have worked will have been working 过去将来 would work was/were going to work… would be working would have worked would have been working 1. 根据“标志词”确定时态 短语 所对应时态 短语 所对应时态 now 一般现、现进 how often 一般现、一般过 at this time yesterday 过去进行 how long 现完、现完进 last year/month 一般过 since when 现完 by the end/time of +过去时间 过完 in the past three years 现完 by the end/time of +将来时间 讲完 Watch out！ 现在进行 2. 根据语境确定时态 1) —Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here. —Oh, sorry I _____B_____. A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. can’t know 2) —Your phone number again? I ____A____ quite catch it. —It’s 7226109. A. didn’t B. won't C. don’t D. can’t 3) —Alice. why didn’t you come yesterday? —I __C_______, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 4) ----Mom, 4 plus 4 is 9, right? ----Honey, I ____C_____ you _________ wrong. A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are 5) ----Darling, I am sorry. I _B__you ________coming tomorrow morning, so I didn't prepare dinner for you. A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are 3. 在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如: see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到) 结果类动词 不能用进行时 work 表示机器不能正常运行、运转时 常用do/doesn’t work； open, close, lock 表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时 常用won’t open /close /lock等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。 · —Can I help you, sir? —Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _D____. A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work · 窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。 The window won't open. I need to find someone to repair it.// I need to have it repaired. (have sth done让别人来做，但不强调是谁) 综合检测 用实践检验真知 36．（2024·山西临汾·二模）Miss Lin ______ a lot of work for the poor area since 2015. A．does B．did C．has done D．will do 37．（24-25九年级上·安徽安庆·开学考试）Billy ________ to many places of interest in China over these years. A．will travel B．has traveled C．travels D．traveled 38．（2022·江苏无锡·三模）At first, people didn’t know how long the lockdown ________ because the pandemic broke out suddenly. A．lasted B．lasts C．has lasted D．would last 39．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）Lu Hong, who has an intellectual disability, said he ________ more jobs to help disabled people in the future. A．will provide B．has provided C．would provide D．provided 40．（2023·江苏无锡·一模）— Dad promised that he ________ us to watch Wandering Earth II this evening. But where’s he? — Maybe he forgot. Let’s ask him. A．took B．will take C．would take D．has taken 41．（2023·黑龙江·二模）—What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ________ the Disney World the next day. A．would visit B．is visiting C．will visit 42．（2024·湖南怀化·一模）By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my homework at home. A．left B．had forgotten C．had left 43．（2024·黑龙江双鸭山·一模）By the time I got to school, I realized I ________ my homework at home. A．left B．had forgotten C．had left 44．（2024·四川成都·二模）—Did you see the basketball star yesterday when he came to visit our school yesterday? —No, by the time I got to school, he ________. A．has left B．had left C．leaves 45．（2024·四川成都·一模）—Helen, did you go to school to see the concert? —No, when I arrived, the concert ________. A．finished B．had finished C．will finish 46．（2024·吉林松原·一模）— Why was the teacher angry with you? — I didn’t turn in my homework. When I got to school, I realized that I ________ it at home. A．have left B．had left C．had forgotten 47．（2024·四川成都·一模）—I heard that Uncle Zhao ________ more than 20 countries since 2010. —Yes, and he thinks it’s very wonderful. A．had been in B．had traveled to C．traveled to 48．（2024·四川成都·二模）People in Chengdu ________ paper money called Jiaozi before Marco Polo introduced it to the western world. A．will use B．use C．had used 49．（2024·四川成都·三模）The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, because she ________ before. A．didn’t fly B．hasn’t flown C．hadn’t flown 50．（2024·黑龙江绥化·三模）When I got to the airport, I realized I ______ my passport at home. A．left B．had left C．had forgotten 51．（2024·黑龙江·三模）By the time the teacher arrived, the students ________. A．left B．had left C．have left 52．（2024·云南德宏·一模）The strong boy has learned to play Chinese Kungfu ________ he was very young. A．as B．since C．while D．before 53．（24-25九年级上·云南昆明·开学考试）According to a recent research from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), a lot of wild animals __________ because of humans’ activities since 1970. A．will be endangered B．have been endangered C．have endangered D．were endangered 54．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）—Where is your elder brother? —He ________ to the US on business. He ________ there twice. A．has gone; has been B．has gone; has been to C．has been; has gone D．has been; has been in 55．（24-25九年级上·广东广州·开学考试）I’m nearly lost in my hometown because it ________ a lot since I left. A．has changed B．changed C．changes D．is changing 56．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）— Liu Yifei has acted ________ 2002. — So she has been an actress ________ 22 years. A．for；since B．for；for C．since；for D．since；since 57．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）—The exchange students from Singapore ________ Shaanxi History Museum two days ago. —Wow. As a local person, I have never ________ there before. A．visited; gone B．have visited; gone C．visited; been D．have visited; been 58．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）The fireman has ________ just for an hour last night, ________ have his partners. A．fallen asleep; so B．been asleep; so C．fallen asleep; neither D．been asleep; neither 59．（24-25九年级上·陕西西安·开学考试）Bell ________ the telephone in the past. And people ________ this invention for hundreds of years. A．invented; used B．discovered; have used C．invented; have used D．discovered; used 60．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·模拟预测）Two buildings ________ in our school by the end of next year. A．will finish B．will have been finished C．will be finished 参考答案： 36．C 【详解】句意：自2015年以来，林小姐为贫困地区做了大量工作。 考查现在完成时。根据“since 2015”可知，句中时态为现在完成时（have/has done），主语是第三人称单数，助动词使用has。故选C。 37．B 【详解】句意：这些年来，Billy去过中国很多名胜古迹。 考查时态。根据时间状语“over these years”可知，句子描述的是过去发生并持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时态，其结构为 have/has+done，主语为Billy，助动词用has，travel的过去分词为traveled，故选B。 38．D 【详解】句意：起初，人们不知道封锁会持续多久，因为疫情突然爆发。 考查动词时态。根据“At first, people didn’t know how long the lockdown …because the pandemic broke out suddenly.”可知，此处know后为宾语从句，主句时态为一般过去时，从句为过去的某种时态，此处指不知道封锁会持续多久，使用过去将来时。故选D。 39．C 【详解】句意：有智力残疾的卢宏说，为了帮助残疾人他将在未来提供更多的工作。 考查过去将来时。句子含宾语从句，根据其主句谓语动词said可知，从句应用过去的相应时态，由“in the future”可知此处时态应用过去将来时，其谓语结构为“would+do”，故选C。 40．C 【详解】句意：——爸爸答应他今晚带我们去看《流浪地球2》。但是他在哪里？——或许他忘了。让我们问问他。 考查动词的时态。根据“this evening”可知，句子用一般将来时；根据“Dad promised that….”可知，宾语从句中用过去将来时would do。故选C。 41．A 【详解】句意：——你儿子在信里说了什么？——他告诉我他明天要去迪斯尼乐园。 考查宾语从句的时态。分析句子可知，that引导的宾语从句，主句中有谓语动词told，使用了一般过去时，所以从句也应用过去时；又因为句中有谓语动词the next day，所以应用相应的将来时，即过去将来时，故选A。 42．C 【详解】句意：当我到学校的时候，我意识到我把作业忘在家里了。 考查过去完成时的用法。此处应用leave表示“忘拿”，且“把作业忘在家里了”先于“意识到”之前发生，所以此处应用过去完成时。故选C。 43．C 【详解】句意：当我到达学校的时候，我意识到我把作业留在家里了。 考查过去完成时和动词辨析。left离开，留下；forgotten忘记。根据时间状语“By the time”可知，这两个动作是先后发生的，而且“作业留在家里”这个动作发生在“到达学校”之前，所以应该用过去完成时。此处表示把作业留在家里，而不是忘记带作业，应该用had left。故选C。 44．B 【详解】句意：——昨天篮球明星来我们学校参观时，你看到他了吗？——不，我到学校的时候，他已经走了。 考查过去完成时。根据“No, by the time I got to school”可知，“他离开”发生在“我到达学校”之前，表示过去的过去用过去完成时had done。故选B。 45．B 【详解】句意：——海伦，你去学校看音乐会了吗？——没有，当我到达时，音乐会已经结束了。 考查过去完成时。根据“when I arrived, the concert...”可知，“结束”发生在“到达”之前，由arrived可知“到达”发生在过去，所以此处“结束”发生在“过去的过去”，即过去完成时had done。故选B。 46．B 【详解】句意：——老师为什么生你的气？——我没有交作业。当我到学校时，我意识到我把作业忘在家里了。 考查动词辨析及过去完成时。leave落下；forget忘记。结合“When I got to school,”以及“I realized that”可知，动作发生在过去的过去，故用过去完成时：had+过去分词；此处表达将作业落在家，leave符合，过去分词为left。故选B。 47．B 【详解】句意：——我听说从2010年开始，赵叔叔已经去过20多个国家了。——是的，他认为这非常棒。 考查动词的时态。根据“I heard that Uncle Zhao...more than 20 countries since 2010”并结合宾语从句“主过从必过”的原则可知，句子应用过去完成时，即had done的结构，排除选项C；根据“more than 20 countries”可知，是去了20多个国家旅游。故选B。 48．C 【详解】句意：在马可波罗将纸币引入西方世界之前，成都人就已经使用过这种纸币。 考查时态。根据“paper money called Jiaozi before Marco Polo introduced it to the western world”可知在马可波罗将纸币引入西方世界之前，成都人就已经使用过这种纸币，此处动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时had done。故选C。 49．C 【详解】句意：飞机上坐在我旁边的那个女孩非常紧张，因为她以前没有坐过飞机。 考查动词时态。主句用了一般过去时，原因状语从句表示“她以前从未坐过飞机”是比主句动作更早的事情，指过去的过去，故用过去完成时。故选C。 50．B 【详解】句意：当我到达机场时，我意识到我把护照忘在家里了。 考查时态和动词辨析。leave遗留；forget忘记。leave sth. sp.“把某物忘在某地”，“把护照忘在家里”发生在“意识到”之前，故用过去完成时。故选B。 51．B 【详解】句意：老师到达时，学生们已经离开了。 考查时态。根据“By the time the teacher arrived, the students”可知，老师到达前学生就离开了，表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为had done。故选B。 52．B 【详解】句意：这个强壮的男孩从很小的时候就开始学习中国功夫。 考查连词。as因为；since自从；while当……时；before在……之前。根据“The strong boy has learned to play Chinese Kungfu”可知，本句使用了现在完成时；“since+含有一般过去时的句子”标志要用现在完成时。故选B。 53．B 【详解】句意：根据世界自然基金会(WWF)最近的一项研究，自1970年以来，由于人类的活动，许多野生动物已经濒临灭绝。 考查动词时态。根据题干中的时间状语“since 1970”可知，句子应使用现在完成时态。be endangered“濒临灭绝”，故选B。 54．A 【详解】句意：——你哥哥在哪里？——他到美国出差去了。他去过那里两次。 考查现在完成时。has gone to去了，未回来；has been to去过，已回来；has been in待在某地。根据“Where is your elder brother?”可知，第一空应该说他“去了”美国，排除CD；根据“He…there twice.”可知，应该说他去过那里两次，且设空处后是地点副词there，不与介词to连用。故选A。 55．A 【详解】句意：我在家乡几乎迷路了，因为自从我离开后，它发生了很大的变化。 考查动词时态。根据“since I left”可知，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，使用现在完成时态，结构为“has/have + 过去分词”。故选A。 56．C 【详解】句意：——刘亦菲2002年出道。——所以她已经当了22年的演员了。 考查现在完成时。since自从，连接具体的时间点，用来说明动作起始时间；for后面接时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度。第一空后为时间点，故应用since，第二空后为一段时间，故应用for。故选C。 57．C 【详解】句意：——新加坡交换生前两天参观了陕西历史博物馆。——哇，作为一个当地人，我以前从未去过那里。 考查时态。根据句中时间状语“two days ago”提示，句子应用一般过去时，空格处应填动词过去式，B、D选项可排除。have been to表示去过某个地方已经回来，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；have gone to表示去了还没回来，根据语境可知，此处指的是去过某地的次数，即从未去过，故第二空应填been，故选C。 58．B 【详解】句意：消防员昨晚只睡了一个小时，他的同伴们也睡了一个小时。 考查现在完成时和倒装句。fall asleep入睡，短暂性动作；be asleep睡着，延续性动作。根据“for an hour ”可知，本句是现在完成时，要与延续性动词连用，可排除AC选项；前句是肯定句，倒装结构用so，so+助动词+主语，表示“……也是如此”，neither用于否定句。故选B。 59．C 【详解】句意：贝尔在过去发明了电话。人们已经使用这个发明有几百年了。 考查动词辨析和动词时态。invent发明；discover发现。根据“the telephone”和常识可知，是指发明电话，可排除BD选项；根据“for hundreds of years.”可知，第二句是现在完成时(have/has done)。故选C。 60．B 【详解】句意：到明年年底，我们学校的两栋大楼已经竣工。 考查被动语态。根据“by the end of next year”可知，此处用将来完成时，主语Two buildings与动词finish之间是被动关系，所以此处用将来完成时的被动语态，故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$