必修一 Unit 5 Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（导学案) - 【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修一 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（学案）Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 本课语篇的主题语境是人与社会；主题群为历史、社会与文化社会服务与人际沟通语言学习的规律与方法；单元主题是世界上的语言。通过主题图以及听力活动，从“建立人类命运共同体”的视角，让学生了解掌握多门语言的重要性。同时，通过了解联合国的工作语言，启发学生从国际视野的角度思考自身的语言学习动机和理由。  语言能力：通过观看视频，能够识别并理解不同语言在交流中的实际应用，提升听力理解能力。 思维品质：分析视频内容，培养批判性思维和跨文化交流意识，理解语言背后的文化差异。  学习能力：从视频中学习新词汇和表达方式，提高自主学习和语言运用能力。 文化意识：增进对世界多元文化的了解和尊重，培养跨文化交流的能力。 01-单元重点词汇背记 1. _____________adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 2.____________n.态度；看法 3. ____________prep.即使；尽管 4. ____________n.因素；要素 5._______________n. 符号；象征 6.____________ n.王朝；朝代 7.______________n. 地方话；方言 8. ____________adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 9. _______________ vt. 把... 视为；看待 10. ___________n.书法；书法艺术 11._______________n.公共事务[复数]；事件；关系 12.___________adj.特定的；明确的；具体的 13._______________n.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 14. ____________n.舌头；语言 15. ____________n.公寓套房 16. ____________vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 17. ____________n.同等的人；adj. 相同的； vt. 等于 18. ____________n.间隔；开口；差距；vi.查问 19. ____________n.要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求 20. _________________n.词汇 02-单元核心词形拓展 1. base vt. 以……为据点; n. 底部→_______________ n. 基础 →_______________ adj. 基本的→_______________y adv. 主要地, 基本上 2. refer vi. 提到; 参考; 查阅 vt. 查询; 使……求助于→_______________ n. 指称关系; 参考 3. classic adj. 经典的; 古典的; 传统的; 最优秀的 n. 经典著作→_______________ adj. 古典的; 经典的; 传统的 4. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体; 异体; 多样化→_______________ vt&vi. (使)多样化→_______________ adj. 各种各样的 5. description n. 描写(文字); 形容→_______________ vt. 描述 6. appreciate vt. 欣赏; 重视; 感激; 领会 vi. 增值→_______________ n. 欣赏; 感激 7. equal n. 同等的人; 相等物adj. 相同的; 同样的→_______________ adv. 同样地; 相等地→____________ n. 平等; 相等 8. demand n. 要求; 需求 vt. &vi. 强烈要求; 需求; 查问→_______________ adj. (工作)要求高的; (人)苛求的 9. relate vt. 联系; 讲述→_______________ n. 关系; 联系→_______________ adj. 相关的; 有联系的 10．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→ _____________ adj.全球的；全世界的→ _____________ adv.全球地 11. symbol n. 符号；象征→ _____________ adj. 象征性的；作为象征的→_____________ v. 是……的象征 12．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→ _____________n．大多数；大半→_____________ n．少数 03-单元阅读词汇识记 1． system n．  ______________________ 2． factor n.        ______________________ 3． carve vt.&vi.   ______________________ 4． dynasty n.      ______________________ 5． Dialect n.    ______________________ 6． calligraphy n.   ______________________ 7． specific adj.      ______________________ 8． semester n.  ______________________ 9． gap n. ______________________ 04-单元重点词块闪记 1． ______________________　 因……而著名 2． ______________________    起初 3． ______________________   依赖；依靠 4． ______________________ 许多 5． ______________________指的是；描述；提到；查阅 6． ______________________        浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 7． ______________________      追溯到 05-单元重点句型 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1 pre-reading 讨论图片信息、标题、副标题以及标题中的标点符号，就非文本信息预测篇章文本信息内容。 1. The text is about the________of the Chinese writing system. A. history B. future C. weakness D. disappearance Step 2 while reading 1).Activity I Skimming 1. Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　A.Symbols developed well in the Shang Dynasty. Para.2　　B.Chinese writing system still plays an important role today. Para.3　　C.Written Chinese has become an important means. Para.4　　D.Chinese writing system is one of the factors of Chinese civilisation. Para.5　　E.Chinese writing system developed in one direction in the Qin Dynasty. Para.6　　F.Written Chinese was a picture-based language at the beginning. 2.Read the passage quickly. Find and circle the words about time on your textbooks. The text is in________order. 2). Activity II Careful reading 1.What does the word “this” in the first paragraph refer to? A.Chinese ancient civilisation’s appearance. B.The Chinese writing system appeared very early. C.Chinese ancient civilisation’s continuing all the way. D.There were many ups and downs in China’s history. 2.What do we know about Chinese characters at the beginning? A.They looked like pictures. B.They were carved on wood. C.They date back to 1046 BCE. D.They can’t be seen in today’s hanzi. 3.When did the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction? A.In the Xia Dynasty. B.In the Shang Dynasty. C.In the Zhou Dynasty. D.In the Qin Dynasty. 4.What does the author mainly tell us in the last two paragraphs? A.The history of the Chinese writing system. B.Why the Chinese writing system is popular. C.How the Chinese writing system will develop. D.The importance of the Chinese writing system. Step 3 Reading for Thinking 1. Underline 4 sentences about "important/importance " ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What other things does the Chinese writing system connect? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 4　课文语法填空 Chinese calligraphy has developed along __1__ China's civilisation. It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy __2__ (start). Chinese writing was first done by __3__ (carve) symbols onto bones and shells. Some of the ancient symbols can still be __4__ (see) in today's hanzi. These symbols had become __5__ well­developed writing system by the Shang Dynasty when the Chinese people were divided __6__ (geography), __7__ (lead) to many __8__ (variety) of dialects and characters. In Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop in __9__ direction, __10__ was important in uniting the Chinese people and culture. 考点1 .based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 [教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(P62) 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 【拓展】 (1)base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据 base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon以……为基础;依据…… at the base of在……底部 (2) basic adj.基本的;基础的 basis n.基础;基本原则 on the basis of在……基础上;基于…… on a regular basis 定期 [近义]　bottom, foundation 【经典练】 单句语法填空 (1)Please do remember that success is based ______ hard work. (2)The study ______(base) on data from 2,100 college students.  (3)Contact with other people is a ______ (base) human need. (4) ______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. (5)You’ll be able to choose a room ______ (base) on your own personal tastes. (6)Contact with other people is a _______(base) human need. (7)It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular ________(base). (8)The study __________(base) on data from 2,100 college students. [写美句]——句式升级 (9)The film was based on a true story and it was deeply touching. →____________________，the film was deeply touching. (分词短语作状语) →The film ___________________ was deeply touching.(分词短语作定语) 【写作佳句】 Based on my own experience, learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [2020·5月天津卷，书面表达] 根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 考点2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 [教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62) 多年以来,这种书写体发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。 【拓展】 (1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的 (2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的 (3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化 vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary in... 在……方面丰富多样 vary with... 随着……的变化而变化 [名师点津] a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①One of the advantages is that we can find _________ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history. ②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ______ (various) from 10 to 15. ③There are ___________(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words. ④One of the advantages is that we can find various(variety) topics,such as science,culture and history. ⑤The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15. ⑥There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words. 句式升级 ⑦Our school has built a new stadium and it has all kinds of well-equipped facilities． →Our school has built a new stadium, _____________________ well-equipped facilities.(定语从句) 考点3.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 [教材原句]As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62) 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 【拓展】 (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing　重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激 appreciate＋that/wh-从句 理解/意识到…… (3) express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情 注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。 【经典练】 【语境巧练】 写出下列句中appreciate的含义 ①The happiest are not those who own all the best things ,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life．______ ②I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．______ ③I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for me．______ 单句语法填空 ①I’d appreciate ____ if could give me a bit of good advice. ②Chinese calligraphy has won the ______________(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China. ③I appreciate ____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. [写美句]——应用文之感谢信 我写信是为了表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢你在我心情低沉的时候给我鼓励和安慰。 ④_______________________________ for encouraging and comforting me when I was in depression. [佳句]　⑤I'd appreciate your replying to my letter at your earliest convenience. ＝_____________________you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience. [2020·全国Ⅲ卷，书面表达] 如果方便时你能尽快回复我的信件，我将感激不尽。 考点4.regard n. 尊重;关注　vt. 把……视为;看待 [教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(P62) 对汉字书写体系的高度重视在汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中可以看出来,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。 【拓展】 (1)the (high)regard for...对……(高度)尊重 in this/that regard在这/那点上 in/with regard to...关于某人(某事),在这点上 give one’s regards (to sb)代某人(向某人)问好 as regards关于;至于(后接名词或从句作宾语) (2)regard with以(某种心态)来看(某人或某事) regard...as...把……看作…… (3)regardless of 不管；不顾 (4)regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论 【经典练】 单句语法填空 (1)Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner. (2)With regard ________ my favourite Chinese poet,I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you. (3)The Spring Festival ________(regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.  (4)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless ______ time and space. [小话题写作] (5)如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是最好的全能运动形式之一。 Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, _________ one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 考点5.refer to指的是；提及；查阅；参考 [教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60) 代词(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。 【拓展】 (1)refer...to...　把……提交给……；让(人)参考…… refer to...as... 把……称作…… (2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考；参考书目 reference books/material 参考书/参考资料 in/with reference to 关于 [指津]　refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred, referred, referring。 【经典练】 【语境巧练】 [写出下列句中refer to的含义] (1)Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.指的是 (2)You can refer to online articles to complete your education.参考 (3)Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know the word.查阅 (4)We agreed never to refer to the matter again.提到 [单句语法填空] (5)People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”. (6)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer). (7)As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor. (8)[写美句]（2020全国Ⅰ作文话题）几十年来，人们一直常常用“雷锋”来指称有奉献精神的人。 For decades,“Lei Feng”has been the typical way of ___________________________. 【写作佳句】 The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials. 课本和词典可以用作参考书籍,然而杂志只能当作阅读材料。 考点6.date back (to)追溯到……;始于…… [教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62) 它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。 【拓展】 (1) date from 　　　追溯到；始于；起源于 (2) out of date 过时的 up to date (with...) 赶上(……的)潮流 (3)set a date for... 确定……的日期 make a date with sb. 与某人约会/预约 [指津]　(1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。 (2)date back to和date from作后置定语时， 常用现在分词形式。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The Dragon Boat Festival, which ________ (date) back to the Warring States Periods, is one of the four most important festivals in China. ②Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up _____ date with modern technology. [写美句]——句式升级 ③Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometers away from Shaoguan, right at river bank of Caojiang and it dates back to 1500 years ago. ____________________________,Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometres away from Shaoguan , right at the river bank of Canjiang.(分词做作状语） 【写作佳句】 中国饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。 Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago. ( 3 重点句型 ) 考点1 句型：no matter where... “无论在哪里……”引导让步状语从句 Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)  即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 【拓展】 (1)no matter where,who,what,etc.意为“不论……;不管……”。 (2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同: ①“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,可放在主句前或主句后。 ②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 ③whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。 【经典练】 [完成句子] (1)通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里,我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。 By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences _____________________. (2)无论何时我犯了错误,您总是耐心地指出来,并帮助我改正它。 __________________ I made a mistake,you were always patient to point it out and helped me correct it. (3)贝蒂的主要优势是无论情况多么紧急她都能保持冷静。 Betty’s main strength is her ability to keep calm no matter____________________. (4)我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。 We promise ____________________ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. [句式升级] (5)A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is. →A determined person always tries to finish the job,____________________. 【写作佳句】 Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 每年,制作最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。 1、 单词拼写 1．By the Shang ____________(朝代), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. 2．After three years of study, she has a good command of the ______(方言) here. 3．He gave a____________(描述) of what he had seen. 4．Snow White is one of the most famous Disneyland cartoon _______________(人物). 5．As the public transport _______________(系统) can’t satisfy people’s needs, many people turn to private cars. 6．The film which is_________(以……为基础)on a true love story is very popular with young people． 7．In Joan’s email, she persuaded Mary to look for an_________（公寓）in London for her. 8．Let love be around me; let ______ (文明)follow you. 9．War and Peace is a literary _______（名著）. 10．When you are introducing something new, you’d better give __________(具体的) information to make it clearly to others. 11．You'd better set down the phone number of the hotel for future______ (参考). 12．The injured old man went all out and_________（挣扎）to his feet, but failed. 13．She made no _______________(指称) to her illness but only to her future plans. 14．Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the reading of the _____________(传统的) literature yesterday. 15．And now it's time to__________,we will leave our lovely school.(毕业) 2、 单句语法填空 1．September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill. 2．The matter has reached a stage ________ they have to give in. 3．Men and women must be treated ___________ (equal) in education and employment. 4．Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 5．Dating ________ to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 6．This is an old building ________ (date) back to the 14th century. 7．He suffers from memory loss ________（relate）to his disease. 8．The real reason ________ prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 9．His work is highly ________ (regard) by other painters. 10．The reason ___________ someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. 11．The film in _______he played the leading role was a great success. 12．Can you cite an example ________this word could be used? 13．The man ________ whom I received a letter was my brother. 14．Susan’s idea of freedom was to have ________ (vary) in her lifestyle. 15．We went through a period ____________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 16．The street became a perfect setting ____________which I could find enough landscapes for them. 17．Many of us love July because it’s the month ___________ nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. 18．Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. 19．The expert suggested that the problem which was referred ________ at the meeting should be paid close attention to. 20．He talked with his parents without ________（refer）to the fact that he had registered for an institute. 3、 汉译英 1．我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现宏大的目标…… 2．它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。 3．比起看电视，我更喜欢去看电影。(rather than../prefer) 4．他温和宽容的态度使他适合与企业谈判的工作。(gentle, tolerant, suit, negotiate, enterprise,非限制性定语从句) 5．这家老字号餐厅采用了仅提供外卖服务的新商业模式以吸引更多年轻顾客。(adopt) ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 必修一 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD（学案）Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 本课语篇的主题语境是人与社会；主题群为历史、社会与文化社会服务与人际沟通语言学习的规律与方法；单元主题是世界上的语言。通过主题图以及听力活动，从“建立人类命运共同体”的视角，让学生了解掌握多门语言的重要性。同时，通过了解联合国的工作语言，启发学生从国际视野的角度思考自身的语言学习动机和理由。  语言能力：通过观看视频，能够识别并理解不同语言在交流中的实际应用，提升听力理解能力。 思维品质：分析视频内容，培养批判性思维和跨文化交流意识，理解语言背后的文化差异。  学习能力：从视频中学习新词汇和表达方式，提高自主学习和语言运用能力。 文化意识：增进对世界多元文化的了解和尊重，培养跨文化交流的能力。 01-单元重点词汇背记 1. _____________adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n.本地人 2.____________n.态度；看法 3. ____________prep.即使；尽管 4. ____________n.因素；要素 5._______________n. 符号；象征 6.____________ n.王朝；朝代 7.______________n. 地方话；方言 8. ____________adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究 9. _______________ vt. 把... 视为；看待 10. ___________n.书法；书法艺术 11._______________n.公共事务[复数]；事件；关系 12.___________adj.特定的；明确的；具体的 13._______________n.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 14. ____________n.舌头；语言 15. ____________n.公寓套房 16. ____________vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求 17. ____________n.同等的人；adj. 相同的； vt. 等于 18. ____________n.间隔；开口；差距；vi.查问 19. ____________n.要求；需求 vt. 强烈要求 20. _________________n.词汇 答案：1.native 2.attitude 3.despite 4.factor 5.symbol 6.dynasty 7.dialect 8.major 9. regard10. calligraphy 11. affair 12.specific 02-单元核心词形拓展 1. base vt. 以……为据点; n. 底部→_______________ n. 基础 →_______________ adj. 基本的→_______________y adv. 主要地, 基本上 2. refer vi. 提到; 参考; 查阅 vt. 查询; 使……求助于→_______________ n. 指称关系; 参考 3. classic adj. 经典的; 古典的; 传统的; 最优秀的 n. 经典著作→_______________ adj. 古典的; 经典的; 传统的 4. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体; 异体; 多样化→_______________ vt&vi. (使)多样化→_______________ adj. 各种各样的 5. description n. 描写(文字); 形容→_______________ vt. 描述 6. appreciate vt. 欣赏; 重视; 感激; 领会 vi. 增值→_______________ n. 欣赏; 感激 7. equal n. 同等的人; 相等物adj. 相同的; 同样的→_______________ adv. 同样地; 相等地→____________ n. 平等; 相等 8. demand n. 要求; 需求 vt. &vi. 强烈要求; 需求; 查问→_______________ adj. (工作)要求高的; (人)苛求的 9. relate vt. 联系; 讲述→_______________ n. 关系; 联系→_______________ adj. 相关的; 有联系的 10．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→ _____________ adj.全球的；全世界的→ _____________ adv.全球地 11. symbol n. 符号；象征→ _____________ adj. 象征性的；作为象征的→_____________ v. 是……的象征 12．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→ _____________n．大多数；大半→_____________ n．少数 1. base vt. 以……为据点; n. 底部→basis n. 基础 →basic adj. 基本的→basically adv. 主要地, 基本上 2. refer vi. 提到; 参考; 查阅 vt. 查询; 使……求助于→reference n. 指称关系; 参考 3. classic adj. 经典的; 古典的; 传统的; 最优秀的 n. 经典著作→classical adj. 古典的; 经典的; 传统的 4. variety n. (植物、语言等的)变体; 异体; 多样化→vary vt&vi. (使)多样化→various adj. 各种各样的 5. description n. 描写(文字); 形容→describe vt. 描述 6. appreciate vt. 欣赏; 重视; 感激; 领会 vi. 增值→appreciation n. 欣赏; 感激 7．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生vi.主修；专门研究→ majority n．大多数；大半→ minority n．少数 03-单元阅读词汇识记 1． system n．  ______________________ 2． factor n.        ______________________ 3． carve vt.&vi.   ______________________ 4． dynasty n.      ______________________ 5． Dialect n.    ______________________ 6． calligraphy n.   ______________________ 7． specific adj.      ______________________ 8． semester n.  ______________________ 9． gap n. ______________________ 1．system n． 体系；制度；系统 2．factor n.       因素；要素 3．carve vt.&vi.    雕刻 4．dynasty n.      王朝；朝代 5．Dialect n.     地方话；方言 6．calligraphy n.   书法；书法艺术 7．specific adj.     特定的；明确的；具体的 8．semester n.     学期 9．gap n.      间隔；开口；差距 04-单元重点词块闪记 1． ______________________　 因……而著名 2． ______________________    起初 3． ______________________   依赖；依靠 4． ______________________ 许多 5． ______________________指的是；描述；提到；查阅 6． ______________________        浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 7． ______________________      追溯到 1．be_known_for　　　 因……而著名 2．at/in_the_beginning    起初 3．depend_on                  依赖；依靠 4．a_number_of              许多 5．refer_to                      指的是；描述；提到；查阅 6．ups_and_downs          浮沉；兴衰；荣辱 7．date_back_(to_...)      追溯到 05-单元重点句型 1．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书法体系。 2．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.多年来，人们按地域划分，使得书法体系发展成了不同的形式，从而导致多种方言和汉字的形成。 3．Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1 pre-reading 讨论图片信息、标题、副标题以及标题中的标点符号，就非文本信息预测篇章文本信息内容。 1. The text is about the________of the Chinese writing system. A. history B. future C. weakness D. disappearance 【答案】A Step 2 while reading 1).Activity I Skimming 1. Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　　A.Symbols developed well in the Shang Dynasty. Para.2　　B.Chinese writing system still plays an important role today. Para.3　　C.Written Chinese has become an important means. Para.4　　D.Chinese writing system is one of the factors of Chinese civilisation. Para.5　　E.Chinese writing system developed in one direction in the Qin Dynasty. Para.6　　F.Written Chinese was a picture-based language at the beginning. 答案:Paras.1~6　DFAECB 2.Read the passage quickly. Find and circle the words about time on your textbooks. The text is in________order. 2). Activity II Careful reading 1.What does the word “this” in the first paragraph refer to? A.Chinese ancient civilisation’s appearance. B.The Chinese writing system appeared very early. C.Chinese ancient civilisation’s continuing all the way. D.There were many ups and downs in China’s history. 2.What do we know about Chinese characters at the beginning? A.They looked like pictures. B.They were carved on wood. C.They date back to 1046 BCE. D.They can’t be seen in today’s hanzi. 3.When did the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction? A.In the Xia Dynasty. B.In the Shang Dynasty. C.In the Zhou Dynasty. D.In the Qin Dynasty. 4.What does the author mainly tell us in the last two paragraphs? A.The history of the Chinese writing system. B.Why the Chinese writing system is popular. C.How the Chinese writing system will develop. D.The importance of the Chinese writing system. 答案:1~4　CADD Step 3 Reading for Thinking 1. Underline 4 sentences about "important/importance " ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Para4 ：of great importance uniting the Chinese people and culture Para5：important means connecting China's present with its past important part of Chinese culture Chinese characters can beseen as an art, known as Chinese calligraphy Para6：still an importantpart of Chineseculture international students appreciate China's culture and history 2. What other things does the Chinese writing system connect? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Step 4　课文语法填空 Chinese calligraphy has developed along __1__ China's civilisation. It is difficult to say when exactly calligraphy __2__ (start). Chinese writing was first done by __3__ (carve) symbols onto bones and shells. Some of the ancient symbols can still be __4__ (see) in today's hanzi. These symbols had become __5__ well­developed writing system by the Shang Dynasty when the Chinese people were divided __6__ (geography), __7__ (lead) to many __8__ (variety) of dialects and characters. In Qin Dynasty, the Chinese writing system began to develop in __9__ direction, __10__ was important in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Key:1．with　2.started　3.carving　4.seen5．a　6.geographically　7.leading　8.varieties9．one　10.which ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 考点1 .based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的 [教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.(P62) 最初,书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。 【拓展】 (1)base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据 base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上 be based on/upon以……为基础;依据…… at the base of在……底部 (2) basic adj.基本的;基础的 basis n.基础;基本原则 on the basis of在……基础上;基于…… on a regular basis 定期 [近义]　bottom, foundation 【经典练】 单句语法填空 (1)Please do remember that success is based ______ hard work. (2)The study ______(base) on data from 2,100 college students.  (3)Contact with other people is a ______ (base) human need. (4) ______ (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. (5)You’ll be able to choose a room ______ (base) on your own personal tastes. (6)Contact with other people is a _______(base) human need. (7)It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular ________(base). (8)The study __________(base) on data from 2,100 college students. [写美句]——句式升级 (9)The film was based on a true story and it was deeply touching. →____________________，the film was deeply touching. (分词短语作状语) →The film ___________________ was deeply touching.(分词短语作定语) 【写作佳句】 Based on my own experience, learning English online is really a great way for English learners. [2020·5月天津卷，书面表达] 根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式。 答案: （1）on （2）was based （3）basic （4）Basing（5） based (6)basic　(7)basis　(8)was based　(9)Based on a true story ，based on a true story 考点2.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化 [教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms,as it was a time when people were divided geographically,leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.(P62) 多年以来,这种书写体发展成不同的形式,因为在那段时间,由于人们在地理上的分裂,方言和文字的多样性也随之产生。 【拓展】 (1)a variety of＝varieties of 种类繁多的 (2)various adj．不同的；各种各样的 (3)vary vt.&.vi．改变；变化 vary from... to... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动 vary in... 在……方面丰富多样 vary with... 随着……的变化而变化 [名师点津] a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰复数可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。该短语修饰复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;修饰不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①One of the advantages is that we can find _________ (variety) topics，such as science，culture and history. ②The research team is made up of the pupils, whose ages ______ (various) from 10 to 15. ③There are ___________(variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words. ④One of the advantages is that we can find various(variety) topics,such as science,culture and history. ⑤The research team is made up of the pupils,whose ages vary (various) from 10 to 15. ⑥There are varieties (variety) of reasons in favour of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words. 句式升级 ⑦Our school has built a new stadium and it has all kinds of well-equipped facilities． →Our school has built a new stadium, _____________________ well-equipped facilities.(定语从句) 答案:①various　②vary　③varieties ④various ⑤vary ⑥varieties ⑦which has varieties of　 考点3.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 [教材原句]As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.(P62) 随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。 【拓展】 (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing　重视/感激…… I would appreciate it if... 假如……，我将不胜感激 appreciate＋that/wh-从句 理解/意识到…… (3) express/convey one's appreciation to sb. 向某人表达感激之情 注意：appreciate后不能用不定式，而要用动词－ing形式作宾语。当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend/rely on等词(组)后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。 【经典练】 【语境巧练】 写出下列句中appreciate的含义 ①The happiest are not those who own all the best things ,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life．______ ②I appreciate the difficulty you are faced with but I don’t think I can help you．______ ③I would much appreciate it if you would arrange this for me．______ 单句语法填空 ①I’d appreciate ____ if could give me a bit of good advice. ②Chinese calligraphy has won the ______________(appreciate) of a lot of people outside China. ③I appreciate ____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago. [写美句]——应用文之感谢信 我写信是为了表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢你在我心情低沉的时候给我鼓励和安慰。 ④_______________________________ for encouraging and comforting me when I was in depression. [佳句]　⑤I'd appreciate your replying to my letter at your earliest convenience. ＝_____________________you could reply to my letter at your earliest convenience. [2020·全国Ⅲ卷，书面表达] 如果方便时你能尽快回复我的信件，我将感激不尽。 【语境巧练】①欣赏　②理解　③感激 【即时练】①it ②appreciation ③ being given ④I'm writing to express my appreciation ⑤I'd appreciate it if 考点4.regard n. 尊重;关注　vt. 把……视为;看待 [教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.(P62) 对汉字书写体系的高度重视在汉字作为一种艺术形式的发展过程中可以看出来,这种被称为中国书法的艺术形式已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。 【拓展】 (1)the (high)regard for...对……(高度)尊重 in this/that regard在这/那点上 in/with regard to...关于某人(某事),在这点上 give one’s regards (to sb)代某人(向某人)问好 as regards关于;至于(后接名词或从句作宾语) (2)regard with以(某种心态)来看(某人或某事) regard...as...把……看作…… (3)regardless of 不管；不顾 (4)regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论 【经典练】 单句语法填空 (1)Please give my best ________(regard) to other friends who come to the dinner. (2)With regard ________ my favourite Chinese poet,I’d like to introduce Du Fu to you. (3)The Spring Festival ________(regard) as the most important festival for Chinese people.  (4)The Internet makes surveying and voting easy and convenient,regardless ______ time and space. [小话题写作] (5)如今,骑自行车与慢跑和游泳一样,被看作是最好的全能运动形式之一。 Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swimming, _________ one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 答案: ①regards ② to(3)is regarded(4) of (5) is regarded as 考点5.refer to指的是；提及；查阅；参考 [教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.(P60) 代词(it,they,she等)指的是前面提到的某物或某人。 【拓展】 (1)refer...to...　把……提交给……；让(人)参考…… refer to...as... 把……称作…… (2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考；参考书目 reference books/material 参考书/参考资料 in/with reference to 关于 [指津]　refer的过去式、过去分词、现在分词分别为referred, referred, referring。 【经典练】 【语境巧练】 [写出下列句中refer to的含义] (1)Although she didn’t mention any names,everyone knew who she was referring to.指的是 (2)You can refer to online articles to complete your education.参考 (3)Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know the word.查阅 (4)We agreed never to refer to the matter again.提到 [单句语法填空] (5)People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”. (6)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer). (7)As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter to the editor. (8)[写美句]（2020全国Ⅰ作文话题）几十年来，人们一直常常用“雷锋”来指称有奉献精神的人。 For decades,“Lei Feng”has been the typical way of ___________________________. 【写作佳句】 The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as reference books while the magazines serve as reading materials. 课本和词典可以用作参考书籍,然而杂志只能当作阅读材料。 1. 答案:(1)指的是 (2)参考 (3)查阅 (4)提到 (5) as (6)reference (7) to(8)referring to those who have the spirit of devotion 考点6.date back (to)追溯到……;始于…… [教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of Longgu—animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.(P62) 它可以追溯到几千年前龙骨的使用时期——古代中国人民将符号刻到动物的骨头和壳上。 【拓展】 (1) date from 　　　追溯到；始于；起源于 (2) out of date 过时的 up to date (with...) 赶上(……的)潮流 (3)set a date for... 确定……的日期 make a date with sb. 与某人约会/预约 [指津]　(1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。 (2)date back to和date from作后置定语时， 常用现在分词形式。 【经典练】 单句语法填空 ①The Dragon Boat Festival, which ________ (date) back to the Warring States Periods, is one of the four most important festivals in China. ②Everyone should keep on getting himself educated so as to be up _____ date with modern technology. [写美句]——句式升级 ③Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometers away from Shaoguan, right at river bank of Caojiang and it dates back to 1500 years ago. ____________________________,Nan Hua temple is located 22 kilometres away from Shaoguan , right at the river bank of Canjiang.(分词做作状语） 【写作佳句】 中国饮茶文化源远流长,可以追溯到1 000多年前。 Chinese tea-drinking culture has a long history dating back to more than 1,000 years ago. 答案: ①dates ② to ③Dating back to 1500 years ago ( 3 重点句型 ) 考点1 句型：no matter where... “无论在哪里……”引导让步状语从句 Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.(教材P62)  即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。 【拓展】 (1)no matter where,who,what,etc.意为“不论……;不管……”。 (2)“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同: ①“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句,可放在主句前或主句后。 ②whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 ③whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。 【经典练】 [完成句子] (1)通过建立家庭博客,无论在哪里,我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。 By setting up a family blog,we can conveniently share our experiences _____________________. (2)无论何时我犯了错误,您总是耐心地指出来,并帮助我改正它。 __________________ I made a mistake,you were always patient to point it out and helped me correct it. (3)贝蒂的主要优势是无论情况多么紧急她都能保持冷静。 Betty’s main strength is her ability to keep calm no matter____________________. (4)我们许诺,任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。 We promise ____________________ has a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. [句式升级] (5)A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is. →A determined person always tries to finish the job,____________________. 【写作佳句】 Every year,whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 每年,制作最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节中获奖。 答案:(1) no matter where we are (2)No matter when (3)how urgent the situation is (4)whoever attends the party (5)however hard it is 1、 单词拼写 1．By the Shang ____________(朝代), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system. 2．After three years of study, she has a good command of the ______(方言) here. 3．He gave a____________(描述) of what he had seen. 4．Snow White is one of the most famous Disneyland cartoon _______________(人物). 5．As the public transport _______________(系统) can’t satisfy people’s needs, many people turn to private cars. 6．The film which is_________(以……为基础)on a true love story is very popular with young people． 7．In Joan’s email, she persuaded Mary to look for an_________（公寓）in London for her. 8．Let love be around me; let ______ (文明)follow you. 9．War and Peace is a literary _______（名著）. 10．When you are introducing something new, you’d better give __________(具体的) information to make it clearly to others. 11．You'd better set down the phone number of the hotel for future______ (参考). 12．The injured old man went all out and_________（挣扎）to his feet, but failed. 13．She made no _______________(指称) to her illness but only to her future plans. 14．Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the reading of the _____________(传统的) literature yesterday. 15．And now it's time to__________,we will leave our lovely school.(毕业) 1．Dynasty 【详解】考查名词。句意：到了商朝，这些符号已经成为一种非常发达的书写系统。根据汉语提示“朝代”以及上文的By the Shang可知，应填名词作介词宾语，dynasty朝代，名词，符合题意，因为表示商朝，名词dynasty的首字母需大写。故填Dynasty。 2．dialect 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过三年的学习，她已经很好地掌握了这里的方言。根据汉语提示“方言”可知，空处使用名词性成分作宾语，dialect是名词意为“方言”，符合本句语境。故填dialect。 【点睛】 3．description 【详解】考查名词。句意：他描述了他所看到的一切。根据汉语提示“描述”可知应填名词description，作宾语，短语give a description of表示“描述……”。故填description。 4．characters 【详解】考查名词。句意：白雪公主是迪斯尼乐园最著名的卡通人物之一。句中of是介词，其后应接名词作宾语，故此处用名词，“人物”是character，可数名词，根据句意“最著名的……卡通人物之一”可知，one of +名词复数，character “人物”应用复数形式。故填characters。 5．system 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于公共交通系统不能满足人们的需求，许多人转向私家车。根据汉语提示“系统”，可知应填名词system，作主语，此处特指“公共交通系统”应用单数。故填system。 6．based 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：这部根据真实的爱情故事改编的电影很受年轻人的欢迎。根据句意，此处是短语be based on “以……为基础，在……的基础上”。故填based。 7．apartment 【详解】考查名词。句意：在琼的电子邮件中，她说服玛丽在伦敦为她找一套公寓。设空处在句中做宾语，应用名词；结合句意及汉语提示可知，应填apartment。故填apartment。 8．civilization 【详解】考查名词。句意：让爱在我身边；让文明跟随你。根据汉语提示“文明”可知，这里使用名词性成分作宾语，civilization“文明”，符合本句语境，抽象概念不可数。故填civilization。 【点睛】 9．classic 【详解】考查名词。句意：《战争与和平》是一本文学名著。classic“经典作品”为可数名词，结合句中a可知，此处指单数。故填classic。 10．specific 【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你介绍新事物时，你最好给出具体的信息，让别人明白。根据汉语提示“具体的”以及后文information可知，此处填形容词specific做定语。故填specific。 11．reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：你最好记下酒店的电话号码以备后用。空格处填名词作for的宾语，再结合汉语提示“参考”可知是reference，故填reference。 12．struggled 【详解】考查动词。句意：这个受伤的老人努力挣扎想要站起身来，但是还是失败了。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，动词“struggle”符合题意，根据与其并列的谓语动词went可知，该处也应填写动词过去式。故填struggled。 13．reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：她没有提到她的病情，只谈到她的未来计划。句中no是限定形容词词，修饰名词，故此处用名词，“指称”是reference，此处为不可数名词。故填reference。 14．classic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：迈克、玛丽和我昨天讨论了阅读经典文学作品的问题。根据汉语提示“传统的”，可知应填形容词classic，作定语修饰后文名词literature。故填classic。 15．graduate 【详解】考查动词。句意：现在毕业的时间到了，我们即将离开可爱的校园。根据所给句子和汉语提示，可推出是动词graduate“毕业”，it's time to do sth做某事的时间到了，该句型是固定句型，故填graduate。 2、 单句语法填空 1．September 30 is the day ________ which you must pay your bill. 2．The matter has reached a stage ________ they have to give in. 3．Men and women must be treated ___________ (equal) in education and employment. 4．Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 5．Dating ________ to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 6．This is an old building ________ (date) back to the 14th century. 7．He suffers from memory loss ________（relate）to his disease. 8．The real reason ________ prices were, and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem. 9．His work is highly ________ (regard) by other painters. 10．The reason ___________ someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits. 11．The film in _______he played the leading role was a great success. 12．Can you cite an example ________this word could be used? 13．The man ________ whom I received a letter was my brother. 14．Susan’s idea of freedom was to have ________ (vary) in her lifestyle. 15．We went through a period ____________ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. 16．The street became a perfect setting ____________which I could find enough landscapes for them. 17．Many of us love July because it’s the month ___________ nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. 18．Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth. 19．The expert suggested that the problem which was referred ________ at the meeting should be paid close attention to. 20．He talked with his parents without ________（refer）to the fact that he had registered for an institute. 1．by 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：9月30日是你必须付账单的最后期限。分析可知，设空处和which引导定语从句，修饰先行词，the day，此处by意为“不迟于……，在……之前”，所以填by。 2．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：事情已经到了他们不得不让步的地步。分析句子可知，先行词是stage，定语从句的结构很完整，故使用关系副词。在定语从句中，当先行词是stage的时候，从句中作抽象地点状语，使用关系副词where。故填where。 3．equally 【详解】考查副词。句意：必须在教育和就业方面平等对待男女。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词treat；equal的副词为equally“平等地”。故填equally。 4．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：“销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析句子，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词position，先行词指抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 5．back 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：京剧可追溯到18世纪，距今已有200多年历史。date back to是固定短语，意为“追溯到”。故填back。 6．dating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一座可以追溯到14世纪的古老建筑。 date back to 固定短语，意为：追溯到，句子的谓语是is，故空格处填所给动词的非谓语形式，此处是主动表被动含义，故用现在分词，作伴随状语。故填dating。 7．related 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他患有与疾病有关的记忆丧失。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词relate和被修饰的词memory loss是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词，作后置定语，表示被动的意思。故填related。 8．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：价格过去、现在仍然过高的真正原因很复杂，任何简短的讨论都无法令人满意地解释这个问题。分析可知，“prices were, and still are, too high”是定语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，先行词reason表原因，因此空格处用关系副词why，故填why。 9．regarded 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他的作品受到其他画家的高度评价。固定搭配be highly regarded by意为“……受到高度评价”。故填regarded。 10．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：某人被某事触发而其他人没有被触发的原因往往是由于一个人的个人历史和心理特征。___________ someone is triggered by something and others are not是一个定语从句，先行词是The reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，所以填关系副词why。故填why。 11．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他主演的那部电影非常成功。分析句子结构可知，介词in与设空处构成“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为The film，指物，在从句中作状语，因而用in which引导。故填which。 12．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你能举个例子说明这个词的用法吗？分析句子结构和意思可知，　　　　　　this word could be used是定语从句，先行词是example，是抽象地点名词，在从句中做地点状语。故填where。 13．from 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我收到这封信的那个人是我的哥哥。分析可知，man后是“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，介词取决于先行词或从句中的谓语动词的相关搭配，根据句意可知，我收到这封信的那个人是我的哥哥，我是从那个人那里收到信，因此空格处是“从”，receive...from，即介词from，故填from。 14．variety 【详解】考查名词。句意：苏珊心目中的自由就是拥有丰富多彩的生活方式。根据句意和提示词可知，应填入名词variety作宾语，意为“变化，多样化”，抽象名词，不可数。故填variety。 15．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们经历了一段农村地区通讯非常困难的时期。此处为定语从句修饰先行词period，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 16．in 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这条街成了一个完美的环境，在这里我可以为他们找到足够的风景。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了定语从句，which指代先行词The street在从句中作地点状语，故which前缺少介词in。故填in。 17．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们很多人都喜欢7月，因为这个月大自然的浆果和核果非常丰富。此处the month作先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中做时间状语。故填when。 18．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在这些活动中，他们可以获取成长的经验。________ they can gain experience for growth.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词community activities，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导该从句，所以填where。 19．to 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：这个专家建议会议上提出的这个问题应该得到密切关注。refer to提到；谈及。故填refer to。 20．reference##referring 【详解】考查名词及动名词。句意：他和父母谈话时没有提到他已经注册了一个研究所。without后用名词或动名词表示伴随状态，refer to为固定搭配，意为“提到”，名词形式reference“提及”，不可数名词。故填reference/referring。 3、 汉译英 1．我崇尚忍耐、坚毅、勤奋、天赋；因为只有依靠这些，人们才能实现宏大的目标…… 2．它也是世界上人迹罕至之地，科学家们可以实时观察到植物和动物发展和进化过程中的生态学和生物学过程。 3．比起看电视，我更喜欢去看电影。(rather than../prefer) 4．他温和宽容的态度使他适合与企业谈判的工作。(gentle, tolerant, suit, negotiate, enterprise,非限制性定语从句) 5．这家老字号餐厅采用了仅提供外卖服务的新商业模式以吸引更多年轻顾客。(adopt) 1．I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends… 【详解】考查时态、从句。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为“ I”，谓语为“honour”,宾语为“endurance, perseverance, industry, talent”；because引导原因状语从句，by which引导定语从句。从句的主语为“men”，谓语为“achieve”，宾语为“great ends”。故翻译为I honour endurance, perseverance, industry, talent; because these are the means by which men achieve great ends… 2．It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve. 【详解】考查动词，短语和定语从句。表示“它”应用代词作主语；表示“人迹罕至之地”应用短语the rare locations作句中表语；表示“世界上”应用介词短语in the world；此处因先行词world在从句中作地点状语，可用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“科学家们”应用名词scientist，此处应用名词复数；表示“观察”应用动词observe；表示“实时”应用介词短语“in real time”；表示“生态学和生物学过程”应用短语the ecological and biological processes；此处可用关系代词that引导定语从句，用来修饰先行词processes；表示“植物和动物”可用名词the plants and animals；表示“发展”应用动词develop；表示“进化”应用动词“evolve”。故翻译为：It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe in real time the ecological and biological processes that occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve。 3．Rather than watch TV, I prefer to the cinema. 【详解】考查固定短语和动词时态。根据句意表示“宁可……”短语为rather than；表示“更喜欢做某事”短语为prefer to do sth.；此处描述喜好应用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故翻译为Rather than watch TV, I prefer to the cinema. 4．His gentle and tolerant attitude makes him suit the job, which is to negotiate with the enterprise. 【详解】考查定语从句。表示“他的”用his，形容词性物主代词，后接名词；表示“温和的”用gentle ；表示“宽容的”用 tolerant；本处用连词and连接gentle和tolerant两个并列的词；表示“态度”用attitude，名词；表示“使得”用make；表示“他”用him，作宾语，用宾格形式；表示“适合”用suit；表示“工作”用the job；本处用which引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是the job；表示“谈判”用不定式，即to negotiate with sb. ，作表语，说明名词the job的内容；表示“企业”用 the enterprise；句首单词首字母用大写；全句陈述事实用一般现在时；句中attitude是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；故填His gentle and tolerant attitude makes him suit the job, which is to negotiate with the enterprise。 5．The time-honored restaurant (has) adopted the new business model in which/where it provides delivery-only services/it only offers takeout food to attract more young customers. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句和动词不定式。“这家老字号餐厅”是The time-honored restaurant，“采用了”用现在完成时或一般过去时，是(has) adopted，“仅提供外卖服务的”用定语从句（一般现在时），修饰先行词“新商业模式”，定语从句用in which/where（指代先行词，在从句中做地点状语）引导，翻译为“in which/where it provides delivery-only services/it only offers takeout food”，“新商业模式”是the new business model，“以吸引更多年轻顾客”是to attract more young customers，动词不定式短语做目的状语，故答案为The time-honored restaurant (has) adopted the new business model in which/where it provides delivery-only services/it only offers takeout food to attract more young customers. 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