UNIT 6 The Media Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar 项目一 it的用法 一、基本概念 it是一个第三人称单数代词。它不仅可以指代人也可以指代物；不仅可以指时间和距离也可指自然现象和自然环境；不仅可以用作形式主语也可以用作形式宾语等。 二、语法规则 (一)it用作代词 1．it用作人称代词 (1)指代前面的名词或前面提到过的事； (2)指代性别不明的child或baby； (3)指代未出场的身份不明确的人。 My friend offered me a beautiful gift yesterday，and I like it very much. 我朋友昨天给了我一件漂亮的礼物，我非常喜欢。 His sister has given birth to a baby recently.It is said that it is very beautiful. 他姐姐最近生了个孩子。据说孩子很漂亮。 —Who is waiting for you at the bus stop? —I have no idea.It may be my brother. ——谁正在公共汽车站等你？ ——我不知道。可能是我哥哥。 2．it用作非人称代词 (1)it可以表示天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境情况等； (2)it也可以表示一般的、笼统的情况。 It is a fine day today，isn't it? 今天是个好天气，对吧？ It is five kilometres to the town from the village. 从村庄到城镇有5千米的路。 It's ten o'clock now. 现在10点钟了。 It is too bad.There is much work for me to do today. 糟透了。今天我有太多的工作要做。 3．it可以指代指示代词this，that或不定代词something，nothing。 Whenever she sees something that she likes，she goes and buys it. 每当她看到了喜欢的东西，她就会去买下来。 [即学活用1]　单句语法填空 ①It is 10 kilometers to the castle. ②Jack is ill.Have you heard about it? ③There is a photo on the wall.It is the photo of Lei Feng. ④Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work hard，but it didn't help. ⑤I hope there are enough chairs for each guest to have one. ⑥Your idea is very good.Don't give it up. (二)it用作引导词 1．it在句中作形式主语 it作为形式主语常用于下面句型中： (1)It be＋adj.＋(for sb) to do...(对某人来说)做……是……的。(常用于此句型的形容词有possible，necessary，important，easy，strange，natural等) (2)It be＋n.＋doing...做……是……的。(常用于本句型的名词有good，use等) (3)It be＋adj.＋doing...做……是……的。(常用于本句型的形容词有useless，worthwhile等) (4)It be＋adj.＋that...(对某人来说)做……是……的。(常用于此句型的形容词有necessary，important，strange，natural等) [注意]　此句型中从句一般用虚拟语气，即(should) do。 (5)It be＋过去分词＋that...据……。(常用于本句型的过去分词有said，announced，believed，reported，known，hoped等) (6)It be＋n.＋that...做……是……的。(常用于此句型的名词有pity，honour，shame，wonder等) It is impossible to get there by boat. 坐船不可能到那里。 It is no use giving him some advice. ＝It is useless giving him some advice. 给他提建议没用。 It is necessary that the work should be done well. 这项工作应该被完美完成，这是必要的。 It was said that the typhoon，Haiyan，had caused a lot of damage. 据说台风海燕已造成了很大的破坏。 It's a pity that you can't come. 你不能来真遗憾。 (7)It remains to be done＋从句(真正的主语)……有待于……。 It remains to be seen whether making a trip often does good to the old couple's health. 经常旅行是否对老年夫妇的健康有好处有待于证实。 (8)It＋hits/strikes/occurs to sb＋从句(真正的主语)，某人突然想起……。 It occurred to me that we should start off at once. 我突然想起我们应该立刻出发。 2．it在句中作形式宾语 (1)it作为形式宾语常用于句型“动词＋it＋形容词/名词/动词­ing＋(for sb)＋to do/that从句/doing”中。常用动词有think，believe，suppose，consider，feel，make，keep等。 They considered it important to have the work done on time. 他们认为按时完成这项工作很重要。 We make it a rule to visit the old every weekend. 我们规定每个周末都去拜访那些老人。 He thought it no use trying to convince them. 他认为说服他们没有用。 I think it important that you (should) attend the conference. 我认为你去参加这个会议很重要。 (2)动词appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike后面由if或when引导从句时，中间用it，构成“appreciate/hate/love/like/dislike＋it＋if/when从句”。 He will appreciate it if they invite him. 如果他们邀请他，他将非常感激。 She hated it when he bragged that he was the most important. 她讨厌他自吹自己最重要。 (3)动词短语rely/depend on/upon(依靠)，see to(负责，照料)，answer for(负担，担保)，ask for(请求)后跟that引导的从句作宾语时，中间需用形式宾语it，构成“动词短语＋it＋that从句”结构。 You can depend on it that she is always concerned about her own interests. 她总是关心自身的利益，对这一点可以打包票。 Please see to it that the door is locked. 请确保门锁了。 3．it的其他句型 用于强调句型结构中。 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分，此结构中it没有具体意义，只是引出被强调部分。 It was Mr.Smith who/that he turned to for help. 他是向史密斯先生求助的。 It was in the museum that I first saw this old ancient vase. 我是在博物馆里第一次见到这个古花瓶的。 [即学活用2]　完成句子 ①我认为不进行大量的记忆学好外语是不可能的。 I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. ②他们花了十年时间观察老虎的生活习性。 It took them ten years to observe the living habits of the tiger. ③他感到为人权和进步而工作是他的责任。 He felt it his duty to work for human rights and progress. ④有人建议沿街所有的旧建筑都应该立即拆除。 It is suggested that all the old buildings along the street should be pulled down immediately. ⑤不要认为你父母送你上学是理所当然的。毕竟，你已经完全长大了。 Don't take it for granted that your parents send you to school.After all，you are fully grown. ⑥每个星期天他们聚在一起来度过愉快的时光。 It is every Sunday that they get together to have a good time. ⑦我讨厌人们满嘴含着食物说话。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. ⑧直到他们完成了工作，他们才离开去旅行。 It was not until they finished the work that they left to travel. 项目二 used to和would 一、used to与would的共同之处 1．used to与would都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。 He used to/would spend his spare time reading books. 过去，他常常把空闲时间用在读书上。 2．used to与would都不能用来表示动作发生的具体频度或具体的一段时间。 I used to/would go to France six times.(×) I went to France six times.(√) 我去过法国六次。 He used to/would live in Africa for twenty years.(×) He lived in Africa for twenty years.(√) 他在非洲住了二十年。 [即学活用3]　完成句子 ①小时候我们每天步行去上学。 We used to/would walk to school every day when we were young. ②我们还是孩子时，妈妈常常在睡觉前给我们讲故事。 Mother used to/would tell us stories at bedtime when we were children. 二、used to与 would的区别 1．used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer. 小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。 He is not what he used to be. 他已非昔日的他了。(不能用would) 2．used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态，现在已经结束；would则表示有可能再发生。 People used to believe that the earth was flat. 过去，人们总以为地球是扁平的。(现在已不再这样认为) He would go to the park as soon as he was free. 过去，他一有空就去公园。(现在有可能还去) 3．would表示反复发生的动作。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用would，只能用used to。 And from that day on，as soon as the table was cleared and the dishes were removed，mother would disappear into her sewing room to practise. 从那天起，只要碗盘撤掉，饭桌一清理干净，妈妈就马上躲进做针线活的房间练习起来。(具有反复性) I used to live in Beijing. 我过去住在北京。(没有反复性) [即学活用4]　用used to/would填空 ①In 19th­century Europe，women used to wear corsets to achieve a body shape that is no longer considered healthy. ②Men would wear woollen shawls across their shoulders. ③I used to go to work by bus，but I go by car now. ④He would sit for hours，deeply thinking. 三、used to的否定、疑问式和附加疑问句 基本形式 used to 否定式 used not/usedn't to do, didn't use to 疑问式 Used sb to do sth? Did sb use to do sth？ 反意疑问式 usedn't/didn't＋主语/there He didn't use to drive to work. 他过去不常开车去上班。 —Did he use to live in the countryside? ——他过去常住在乡下吗？ —Yes，he did./—No，he didn't. ——是的，他常住在乡下。/——不，他不常住在乡下。 You used to like opera, didn't/usedn't you? 你过去喜欢歌剧，是吗？ There used to be a church here, usedn't/didn't there? 过去这里有座教堂，是不是？ [即学活用5]　完成句子 ①他过去不喜欢任何人在后花园的草坪上散步。 He didn't use to/used not to/usedn't to like anyone walking on the lawns in the back garden. ②他们过去常踢足球吗？ Did they use to/Used they to play football? ③当我在大学没有课的时候，我经常去图书馆。 I used to go to the library when I had no classes in college. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It is likely that they will be fired by the company because of their fault. 2．Many parents find it difficult to have (have) regular conversations with their children. 3．It doesn't interest me whether you come or not. 4．It was not until midnight that it stopped raining. 5．It is necessary to learn (learn) something about the use of “it”． 6．Often when I passed the village，I used to see (see) them working on the farm. 7．When she was in Paris，she would go (go) shopping on weekends. 8．I would fly (fly) to the moon one day. 9．While you are there，you'll have to get used to doing (do) exercises every day. 10．The woman used to walk (walk) by the river when she was young. Ⅱ.按要求完成句子 1．被邀请来做评论，我深感荣幸。(it作形式宾语；honour) I feel it a great honour to be invited to make a comment. 2．不管你对这个城市有多么熟悉，也很容易迷路。(it作形式主语) No matter how well you know this city, it is easy to get lost. 3．我认为当我们的父母变老时，照顾他们是我们的职责。(feel＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语) I feel it our duty to look after our parents when they get old. 4．外面的噪声使他难以把注意力集中在实验上。(it作形式宾语) The outside noise made it difficult for him to concentrate on the experiment. 5．正是出于这个原因，我提前毕业了。 (强调句) It was for this reason that I graduated in advance of schedule. 6．我很难习惯在一周内完成这么多作业。(it作形式主语； get used to doing) It's hard for me to get used to doing so much homework in a week. Ⅲ.用used to或would完成句子 1．这个国家曾是英国在亚洲的殖民地。 This country used to be a British colony in Asia. 2．她过去住在上海吗？ Did she use to live in Shanghai? 3．在上大学期间，没课的时候我就去图书馆。 I would go to the library when I didn't have classes during my university. 4．我爸爸过去吸烟很多，但是现在他戒了。 My father used to smoke a lot, but now he has given it up. 5．我妈妈过去常说：“有志者，事竟成。” My mother would say, “Where there is a will，there is a way.” 6．以前他总是熬夜到很晚，但是现在已经习惯早睡了。 He used to stay up late，but now he is used to going to bed early. 7．那时候他总是每天早晨六点起床，然后到森林里去散步。 He would get up at six every morning and have a walk in the forest then. 8．我过去不喜欢喝酒，但现在喜欢了。 I used not to/didn't use to like wine，but now I'm fond of it. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Data about the moon's composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its (it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical. 2．While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. 3．However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. 4．—I have a new copy of the book.I'd like to send it to you. —No，thanks.I'd rather buy one in the bookstore. 5．I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 6．The doctor thought it better for you to have a holiday than to keep on working. 7．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. 8．It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action. 9．This is not my story，nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently. 10．Well，you mustn't play on the road.It is dangerous! Ⅱ.选用used to, didn't use to, would完成下列句子 1．I used to live in Manchester, but I moved to London last year. 2．When he was at school, he would play football every Saturday. 3．She used to hate her job until she got a promotion. 4．When he was at university, he would sleep until noon at weekends. 5．My sister lived in Australia for many years, but she would come home for Christmas. 6．I used to forget my hometown, until the teacher threatened to punish me. 7．He was a kind old man and his children would come and visit him every day. 8．I feel less angry than I used to be. 9．At some point kids start doing things they didn't use to do.They get more independent. 10．I didn't use to sleep well, but then I started doing yoga and it really helps. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$