Unit3 Celebrations Section Ⅲ Grammar(Word教参)-【精讲精练】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第一册（北师大版2019）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar [对应学生用书P105] 项目一　被动语态 一、概述 1．被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas. 主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。 2．被动语态的构成：助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词。 二、用法 1．在下列情况下使用被动语态 (1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语) His wallet was stolen last night. 昨晚他的钱包被偷了。 (2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。 The bike was knocked down by a car. 这辆自行车被一辆车撞倒了。 (3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。 The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus. 这个计划得到希望住在校内的人的支持。 (4)习惯用法的需要。 这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。 He was born in China in 2014. 他2014年出生在中国。 [即学活用1]—单句语法填空 ①Our school is situated (situate) in the center of the city. ②It is said that their house was broken (break) into last night. ③Most of the trees have been cut (cut) down by those who are eager to become rich. ④All the students were inspired (inspire) by the inspiring speech. 2．含情态动词的被动语态 含情态动词的被动语态的构成形式为：情态动词＋be done。 These books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书可以借两周。 Your homework must be finished by Friday. 你们的作业必须周五前完成。 [即学活用2]—单句语法填空 ①The room was being cleaned (clean) by him at nine yesterday morning. ②—So what is the procedure? —All the applicants are interviewed (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority. ③The boy was punished (punish) by his teacher at school. ④So far，most of the infected people have been cured (cure). ⑤—Hi，Li Ping.Can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? —Sorry.It is being repaired (repair). ⑥Experiments of this kind had been conducted (conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War. ⑦The flowers should be watered (water) every two days. ⑧Music and songs will be published (publish) and concerts and festivals will be organized (organize) in three months. 三、使用被动语态的注意事项 1．连系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，appear，get，grow，keep等可用主动形式表示被动意义。 The whole story sounded very odd. 整个故事听起来很古怪。 The dish tasted very delicious. 这道菜尝起来很不错。 2．表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash 等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 These clothes wash hard. 这些衣服不容易洗。 上面这些动词如果不强调主语的内在特征、性质或状态，而是强调被动的动作，则要用被动语态。试比较： The door won't lock. 这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病) The door won't be locked. 这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门) 3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run，move等，用主动形式表示被动意义。 The shop closes at 6：00 p．m.every day. 这家商店每天下午6点关门。 4．不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的有：appear，die，disappear，end，fail，fall，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，stand等。 The weather won't last. 这种天气持续不了多久。 Very little of the house remained after the fire. 火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。 5．有些短语不能用于被动语态。 agree with，arrive at，succeed in，happen to ，take part in，belong to，break out，come true，take place，run out，come up，come out等。 In my opinion，the dream will come true one day. 我认为，终有一天梦想会成为现实。 [即学活用3]—单句语法填空 ①Great changes have taken (take) place in my village in the past few years. ②Though small，the oranges sell (sell) well，because they taste (taste) nice. ③The meeting will start (start) at nine tomorrow. ④Whether we can have a holiday remains (remain) unknown. 四、主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 动作执行者 主动形式 动作的承受者 被动语态 动作的承受者 be＋过去分词 － 由主动语态变成被动语态时： 1．把主动句的宾语用作被动句的主语； 2．把主动句的谓语动词改成“be＋其过去分词”的形式，作被动句的谓语； 3．把主动句的主语放到介词by后面组成介词短语，在句中作状语，有时候可以省略。 They are planting trees. →Trees are being planted (by them). [即学活用4]—将下列句子改为被动语态 ①We often sing this song. →This song is often sung (by us). ②He broke his leg in the match. →His leg was broken in the match. ③She will sell her house soon. →Her house will be sold soon. ④He is repairing the machine. →The machine is being repaired (by him). ⑤We must do something to help her. →Something must be done to help her. 项目二　动词短语 一、概述 一些动词常与名词、副词、介词搭配构成固定的动词词组，表达固定的词义，其作用相当于一个动词，我们将其称为动词短语。在动词短语中，从短语本身的动词及与之相搭配的介词和副词很难推断出短语的意思。 例如：你认识call，也认识for，但call for表示“需要”你不一定知道。 这就需要我们在日常的阅读中多积累，遇到动词短语记下来，课下多写多背多练习。 二、类型及用法 1．动词＋名词 take a seat　就座 catch one's eye　吸引某人的注意 lose heart　失去信心 make an effort　努力 take a chance　冒险 take effect　生效 The children made an effort to reach the red apple on the tree. 孩子们努力地去够树上的红苹果。 He took a seat by the window. 他在窗子旁坐了下来。 [即学活用1]—完成句子 ①维克多是一个从不灰心的人。 Victor is a man who never loses heart． ②我害怕和新手一起冒险。 I'm afraid to take a chance with beginners. 2．动词＋介词 break into　破门而入 believe in　信任 begin with　以……开始 come across/run into　偶然碰到 depend on　依靠 see to　处理 look into　调查 set about　着手做 agree with　同意，适合 go after　追逐 I ran into an old friend in the street. 我在街上偶遇一老朋友。 You look well.The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree with you，I suppose. 你气色很好，我想三亚的空气和海鲜肯定适合你。 [即学活用2]—完成句子 ①我们得着手寻找一个解决方法。 We need to set about finding a solution. ②虽然这个年轻人已经大学毕业了，但他还是依靠父母。 Although the young man has graduated from university，he still depends on his parents． 3．动词＋副词 break down　坏掉；分解；垮下来 break up　打碎；分解；分手 cut down　砍倒；削减 get over　克服 set off　出发；使爆炸 look up　向上看 put away　收起；储存 put off　推迟 pay off　(付清工资后)解雇；取得成功；奏效；付清债务 take over　接管 turn out　结果是，证明是 turn down　拒绝；把音量开小 work out　解出；进展顺利；锻炼身体 We have decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。 Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters. 无线网络在灾难中瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到重要作用。 [即学活用3]—完成句子 ①这对夫妇花了十多年的时间才还清了债务。 It took the couple more than ten years to pay off their debt． ②经理退休后谁将接管公司？ Who will take over the company after the manager retires? 4．动词＋副词＋介词 add up to　结果是；总共 break away from　挣脱；脱离 catch up with　赶上；达到 go in for　从事；参加 put up with　忍受；容忍 get on with　与……相处；进展 look forward to　盼望 get down to　着手做 come up with　想出，提出 make up for　弥补 keep up with　跟上 Don't look down on that kind of work. 不要看不起那种工作。 We are looking forward to her arrival. 我们盼望着她的到来。 [即学活用4]—完成句子 ①你与新同学相处得怎么样？ How are you getting along/on with your new classmates? ②一个好的演讲者应该设法让听众明白他所表达的含义。 A good speaker is supposed to manage to get across to the listeners what he means. 5．动词＋名词＋介词 get hold of　抓住 catch sight of　看见；发现 make use of　利用 pay attention to　注意 take the place of　代替 take part in　参加 take pride in　为……自豪 take advantage of　利用 make room for　为……腾出空间 Even if I am invited，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 James took the magazines off the little table to make room for the television. 为了给电视机腾出空间，詹姆斯把杂志从这张小桌子上拿走了。 [即学活用5]—完成句子 ①你最好充分利用这次机会提高你的英语。 You'd better make full use of this chance to improve your English. ②他的学校为他在数学上取得的成就而自豪。 His school takes pride in his great achievement in Math. [对应学生用书P109] 项目一 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．A big fire broke (break) out in the forest in the southwest of America on April 5，2013. 2．The poem reads nicely and it is being read by my students now.(read) 3．This kind of shoes washes easily，so my son's shoes are washed twice a week.(wash) 4．Hurry up！There is no time to get changed (change). 5．I won't attend Alice's birthday party unless I am invited(invite). 6．The new coats sell well in our store.Up to now，more than 1，000 have been sold．(sell) 7．I have to go to work by taxi because my car is being repaired (repair) at the garage. 8．It's a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is served (serve). 9．Come and look what has happened (happen) to the flowers. 10．Please inform us when the meeting will be held (hold) in advance.Then we can get well prepared. 11．Several magazines were taken(take) away from the reading room. 12．How many magazines can be borrowed (borrow) from your library every week? Ⅱ.句型转换 1．They carried out a survey among 260 students. →A survey was carried out among 260 students. 2．All the students thought highly of the young professor. →The young professor was highly thought of by all the students. 3．He often makes his sister do the housework for him. →His sister is often made to do the housework for him. 4．The local radio station has broadcast the programme many times. →The programme has been broadcast by the local radio station many times. 5．We will have selected about thirty volunteers to the Mars throughout the world by 2025. →About thirty volunteers will have been selected to the Mars throughout the world by 2025. 6．I'm delighted to know that the Shanghai Museum will organize a famous art exhibition. →I'm delighted to know that a famous art exhibition will be organized by the Shanghai Museum. 项目二 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I'm so glad you've come here to see to this matter in person. 2．The police went after the escaped criminal，but he went away. 3．Opening this door will set off the alarm. 4．Although it is not easy to deal with the difficulty，we will manage to get it over． 5．As soon as the idea came up，people present all thought highly of it. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．这所学校并不是我真正想去的学校，但既然来了，我还是想充分利用它。 The school isn't the one I really want to go to，but I suppose I'll just have to make good use of it． 2．我从学生时代就开始爱好集邮。 My interest in stamp collecting dates back to my schooldays． 3．卡罗兰没有音乐天赋，但是她通过刻苦练习来弥补自己的不足。 Caroline doesn't have a gift for music，but she makes up for it with hard work. 4．当你做作业时，你是怎么忍受外面如此大的噪音的？ How can you put up with the big noise outside while doing your homework? 5．交通法要到年底才生效。 The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year. 6．他受的全部教育加起来不超过一年。 His entire school education added up to no more than a year． [对应知能达标训练P35] Ⅰ.用适当的介词或副词填空 1．The students have been preparing for the final exam these days. 2．We usually feel more pleasure and motivation to work on what we can do best. 3．He looks quite young although he is in his fifties. 4．We will go back to normal when things calm down． 5．I'm looking forward to receiving your early reply. 6．The town dates back to the Tang Dynasty. 7．Telephones are playing an important role in our daily life. 8．Our teacher's teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers. 9．What does UFO stand for? 10．Please look over your exam paper carefully before handing it in. Ⅱ.汉译英 1．要是我有更多的钱，我可以买些新衣服。(If only) If only I had more money，I could buy some new clothes. 2．你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。(it's...of sb to do) It is clever of you to work out the math problem. 3．她太激动了，几乎睡不着。(so...that) She was so excited that she could hardly fall asleep． 4．我宁愿打篮球，不愿游泳。(would rather) I would rather play basketball than swim． 5．我好像听到有人在敲门。(seem) I seem to hear someone knocking at the door． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$