精品解析：山西省榆次第一中学校2024-2025学年高二上学期开学考试（暑假作业检查）英语试题

高二年级暑假学业检查英语 本试卷满分 150 分，考试时间 90 分钟 第一部分 单句填空(每题 1 分，共 20 分) 1. He’s giving me English lessons in exchange ______________ my teaching him Chinese. （用适当的单词填空） 2. Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ________ (option). （所给词的适当形式填空） 4. Once the book you’ve requested ______ (deliver) to the nearest store, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.(所给词的适当形式填空) 5. He brought us some novels, all of ________ are written in English. (用适当的词填空) 6. For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more________(benefit) for health than eating first. （所给词的适当形式填空） 7. While ________ (discuss) the design to save the trapped miners, the experts found it rather practical. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. The law ________(date) back to the 17th century is still in use today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9. The students are studying in an atmosphere ________ everyone is friendly. (用适当的词填空) 10. John was studying in his room ________ he heard someone screaming. (用适当的词填空) 11. Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.（用单词适当形式填空） 12. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house_________________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. （用适当的词填空） 13. The library is now a multimedia zone, ________ (load) with information in many formats. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14. It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it ________ (take) to get there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15. We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago. （所给词的适当形式填空） 16. She apologised to me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17. Who doesn’t love the name PNUT — short ____________ Personal Neo Urban Transport? (用适当的词填空) 18. So far, the closure of the factory ____________ (leave) hundreds of men unemployed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19. With the College Entrance Examination _________(approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20. Some were collecting firewood, while others were just ___________ (aimless) walking or standing by the road. (所给词的适当形式填空) 第二部分 阅读理解(每题 2.5 分，共 55 分) (1) Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make "green" ammonia (氨) from air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Environmental Science, the authors say that ammonia synthesis (合成法) was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the output of food crops, it enabled agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population. But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed, production of ammonia has been energy intensive- requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm-and all powered by fossil fuels. Dr. Emma Lovell, a co author on the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia- known as the Haber- Bosch process- is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and it produces more CO2 than any other chemical-making reaction. “In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in the one place,” says Dr. Lovell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ” Dr. Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply, on a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources, nor give of CO2. “And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand- farmers could even do this on location using our technology to make fertilisers- which means we negate the need for storage and transport There's a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet,”Dr. Lovell says. 21. What do we know about the Haver-Bosch process? A. It does harm to the earth. B. It requires green materials. C. It uses less energy and is cheap. D. It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia. 22. Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text? A. To remind people to protect the environment. B To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage. C. To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere. D. To stress the choice of a proper centralised location. 23. What does the underlined word “negate” probably mean in the last paragraph? A. Inspect. B. Avoid. C. Suit. D. Accept. 24. What is the purpose of this text? A. To solve a problem. B. To explain a process. C. To advocate a theory. D. To introduce a method. (2) Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants. Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators. Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. Unfortunately, the worldwide spread of light pollution may be affecting the important interactions (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad consequences for both natural areas and agricultural lands. A team of scientists in Switzerland recently studied how the complex interactions between plants and pollinators were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able to compare the differences. Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands. They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. Based on the fact that there was reduced fruit production in the controlled lands, the scientists found that the pollinators who worked during the day were not able to make up for the reduced activity of the pollinators at night. Additionally, there seemed to be the potential for a very negative effect, because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California. Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators. The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. Besides, plants and insects respond to varying wavelengths of light differently. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between plants, pollinators, and different types of light. “The annually increasing man made light improves humans’ life. It causes bad consequences for the environment, however. We can never base our life on the loss of the environment,” says Knop, lead author of the study. 25. According to the passage, the first paragraph is used to ________. A. put forward a problem B. present background information C. inform the purpose of the study D. introduce the subjects to be studied 26. According to the study, the plants under the artificial light ________. A. stopped bearing fruits in the end B. failed to be pollinated C. were visited by fewer insects D. were more attractive to pollinators 27. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The starvation of insects. B. The loss of pollination. C. The reduced fruit production. D. The death of some plants. 28. What can we learn from Paragraph 6? A. Misdirected insects confuse plants’ sense of time. B. Pollination and fruit production are related in two ways. C. The different effects of varying light on pollination are clear. D. Artificial light affects plants’ pollination and sense of time. (3) Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—considered largely unaffected by climate change—may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed. The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down. Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away. In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters. But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica’s once unassailable ice. A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017. Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of Antarctica’s contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. “The more we look at this system the more we realize this is fragile,” Rignot says. “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it.” Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glaciologist (冰川学家) in California, agrees. “We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can’t do that without international cooperation.” 29. What is the new finding of scientists? A. The east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate. B. The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979. C. 5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year. D. The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years. 30. Which factor leads to the EAIS’s melting fast? A. A base mostly over sea level. B. The force of gravity. C. The invasion of a warm current. D. Extremely low temperature. 31. Which of the following best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ? A. Fragile. B. Unattackable. C. Mild. D. Unstable. 32. Which way does Helen Fricker specially advocate? A. Satellite imagery. B. Global monitoring. C Worldwide climate modeling. D. Worldwide combined efforts. (4) When you’re giving a speech, there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual. _____33_____ These requirements need to be considered when planning your speech. ___34___ Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation, so your tone and body language are more important than ever. Maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is necessary to keep them engaged. For smaller audiences, they often have more opportunities to be conversational and relaxed. This means you’ll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot and allow for questions or comments throughout. Meanwhile, you still need to deliver your message in the time you have. Keep it in mind that you naturally have different types of people in the audience. _______35_______ Generally, there are 4 different ways people learn: visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的). Including these elements of each learning style in your speech will help engage more of your audience. Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. _____36_____ The most effective way to do this is to create two versions of your speech that have different contents entirely. No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content for who you’ll be talking to, you may find you are losing audience engagement. It’s important that you read and act on these signals which can be anything from lack of eye contact, yawning or your listener being on their phone. ___37___ A. Adapt your speech based on your audience size. B. Adjust your approach to get back their attention. C. It can assist in connecting with different audiences. D. They learn and take in information in different ways. E. Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience. F. Take time to observe and look out for the reactions in the crowd. G. Audiences have different requirements when receiving information. (5) Unsurprisingly, people who are very busy also tend to be very successful and knowledgeable, so it’s in your interest to befriend with them. But how do you talk to such busy people in order to make friends with them? ____38____ the same rules apply. However, there are a few specific rules for talking with busy people in particular. Remember that even busy people are social creatures. That people are busy doesn’t mean they don’t want to chat with others or they don’t enjoy it. ____39____ Busy people can be very social and friendly. Like anyone else, they have a deep-seated need to socialize and make friends. ___40___ They know they’re capable and in demand, but it doesn’t mean they expect others to prove themselves to them. The best use of your time talking with busy people is not in trying to impress them. Focus on making a conversation and creating a connection, not on proving yourself. Spend more time in their field. When dealing with busy people, since their time is in high demand, your favorite topics take a slight backseat to theirs. It usually makes sense to make sure they find the topics you talk about meaningful. ___41___ Get to the point. ____42____ Their time is highly valuable. So they don’t need you to sugar coat your messages that much, they just want you to say what you have to say. A. Don’t try to prove yourself. B. Don’t hesitate to change your plans. C. They just don’t have that much time for it. D. It’s comfortable for them to chat with people who they like. E. Mostly, talking to busy people is the same as talking to any others. F. Once you’ve found a topic they enjoy talking about, you should explore that topic. G. Busy people have little patience for communicators who beat around the bush. 第三部分 完型填空(每题 1 分，共 45 分) (1) It’s often recommended to befriend the enemy but high school freshman Xavier Staubs did more than that. He saved his life. At a swim meet, the 15-year-old boy rescued a ___43___who was struggling under water. It ___44___as a regular home meet. Xavier had just completed his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly noticed a boy in an adjoining lane was___45___. “I heard people screaming, and I see him underneath.” Without___46___, Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety. ___47___, the boy started breathing on his own. His___48___actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar, who___49___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Congressional Record. At lunchtime, Xavier learned the congressman was coming to meet him. Moolenaar wanted to ___50___him with a recognition that would be kept in the Library of Congress. “We heard the story about what he had done. The more I learned about it, the more I thought we really wanted to praise what he did,” the Congressman told CNN. “Usually, you heard bad outcomes and ___51___situations,” Moolenaar said. “This was such a powerful ____52____of one student helping another____53____the two boys were competitors.” ____54____, Xavier’s mother, Jillian Staubs, said she was not____55____. She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow ____56____. Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did. And Xavier performing such a ____57____act was something she’s used to hearing about. Xavier is not only a great swimmer but also a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And now, a hero. 43. A. classmate B. competitor C. volunteer D. stranger 44. A. took off B. put off C. moved off D. started off 45. A. performing B. competing C. drowning D. training 46. A. doubt B. admission C. preparation D. hesitation 47. A. Unluckily B. Fortunately C. Sadly D. Honestly 48. A. inspiring B. moving C. heroic D. modest 49. A. observed B. respected C. encouraged D. recognized 50. A. present B. react C. deserve D. judge 51. A. amusing B. upset C. pleasant D. surprising 52. A. example B. incident C. relief D. event 53. A. as for B. as though C. even though D. now that 54. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 55. A. pleased B. surprised C. delighted D. puzzled 56. A. involved B. threatened C. influenced D. endangered 57. A. determined B. generous C. selfless D. devoted (2) When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t ____58____. At twelve, she asked our parents if she could attend a full time music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister ____59____ talent. I was better at my ____60____ . My teacher had told my parents that I had great ____61____ . So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to ___62___ me. But the only time he was ____63____ was Saturday afternoons at 3 pm. Back then, I was crazy about the British TV show The Avengers, which was ___64___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nothing take up my Avengers hour. So I ____65____ this amazing opportunity. Today, I don’t even have a piano in my house. My sister became an engineer, but she ____66____ stopped making music. When she was in her forties, she switched _____67_____ . She went back to college, got a _____68_____ in music education, and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never _____69_____ . Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family _____70_____ for her. As she played, I looked around at the audience. Everyone was _____71_____ enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person who remembered that 7 year old kid making those perfectly _____72_____ sounds and knew how far she had come, despite everything. Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important. 58. A. admit B. advance C. quit D. improve 59. A. admired B. lacked C. had D. enriched 60. A. major B. project C. composition D. instrument 61. A. ambition B. patience C. enthusiasm D. potential 62. A. examine B. train C. correct D. challenge 63. A. available B. punctual C. crazy D. particular 64. A. aired B. filmed C. designed D. commented 65. A. took over B. picked out C. waited for D. turned down 66. A. already B. even C. never D. once 67. A. attitudes B. careers C. plans D. positions 68. A. degree B. chance C. scholarship D. sponsor 69. A. expected B. provided C. imagined D. received 70. A. paid off B. showed off C. stayed up D. turned up 71. A. appropriately B. anxiously C. obviously D. desperately 72. A. sweet B. awful C. powerful D. unique (3) There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____73_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back. It looked very _____74_____. But when the neighbors saw their _____75_____, they just looked at each other and laughed. It seemed too hard to _____76_____ all the gardens and no one could be bothered to make them better because everyone's garden was _____77_____ terrible. No one felt it was urgent to _____78_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a _____79_____, hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he _____80_____ in the street. He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. Finally, he took up his gardening and started _____81_____ his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. Attracted by the ______82______, the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over some time, something interesting happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more ______83______ in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was ______84______ from a dirty, unappealing collection of houses to a beautiful avenue that wouldn't be out of place in a stylish magazine. One person's action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little ______85______ work. It's easy for us to ______86______ the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only ______87______ yourself, but also results in a change to the whole world. 73. A. taking over B. dying out C. giving D. falling off 74. A. tidy B. delicate C. familiar D. awful 75. A. gardens B. doors C. roofs D. farms 76. A. purchase B. guard C. clear D. build 77. A. scarcely B. invisibly C. slightly D. equally 78. A. keep B. change C. reach D. defeat 79. A. proud B. casual C. neat D. selfless 80. A. settled B. stepped C. performed D. stood 81. A. planting B. picking C. watering D. shaping 82. A. office clerk B. fashion designer C. landscape gardener D. street cleaner 83. A. furniture B. staff C. effort D. heat 84. A. transformed B. moved C. enlarged D. passed 85. A. mental B. hard C. corporate D. optional 86. A. observe B. mind C. overlook D. pollute 87. A. traps B. benefits C. defends D. admires 第四部分 语篇填空(每题 1.5 分，共 30 分) (1) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 April 24th marked the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, the creation of ___88___ is considered as the beginning of the modern environmental movement by the ___89___ (major) of people. Many people continue to stay at home during the recent months. As a result, people are making less pollution, and the air has become ___90___ (clean). Smog stopped ___91___ (cover) New Delhi, one of the world’s most ___92___ ( pollute) cities. Nitrogen dioxide pollution in___93___ northeastern of the United States ___94___ (drop) by 30 percent up till now. Stars seem more visible at night. Researchers have been observing sharp drops in traditional air pollutants (污染物), such as nitrogen dioxide, smog and tiny particles. These kinds of pollutants kill up to 7 million people a year worldwide. “Human activity usually makes it difficult for sea turtles ___95___ (leave) their eggs on sandy coastlines. Nesting turtles need to be undisturbed. After they come out of their eggs, baby turtles might have difficulty finding their way to the water because of bright lights. But ___96___ the lights mostly off and people staying at home, the sea turtle nesting ____97____ (seem) much better at present,” Godfrey said. “There’s still a hope left for wildlife,” Godfrey said. (2) 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our grandparents seems to have magic powers sometimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar___98___they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later. What's the secret? They are following the 24 Solar Terms (节气) ___99___were added on Nov. 30 to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物资文化遗产) by the United Nations (UN). It is a knowledge system and social practice___100___(form) through people's observations of the sun's annual movements and its influence on the climate. The 24 Solar Terms___101___(come) into being during the Qin and Han___102___ (dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were___103___(extreme) important for them. But of course, they had no satellite, internet or weather broadcast___104___(help) them.___105___these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement and also___106___(pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth. It is honored as China's____107____(five) great invention after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology-based modern farming. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 高二年级暑假学业检查英语 本试卷满分 150 分，考试时间 90 分钟 第一部分 单句填空(每题 1 分，共 20 分) 1. He’s giving me English lessons in exchange ______________ my teaching him Chinese. （用适当的单词填空） 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：他教我英语，作为我教他中文的交换。结合句意表示“作为交换”可知短语为in exchange for。故填for。 2. Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】curiosity 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家充满了好奇心，收拾行囊离开了。作宾语，应用名词curiosity，表抽象概念，不可数。故填curiosity。 3. According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ________ (option). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】optional 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，我们也不必读，因为它是可选择的。分析句子可知，空处应填形容词optional作系动词is的表语，表示“可选择的”。故填optional。 4. Once the book you’ve requested ______ (deliver) to the nearest store, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is delivered 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：一旦你要的书被送到最近的书店，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以去取书了。分析句子结构可知，本句是once引导的条件状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，所以deliver作从句谓语，主语是book，两者间是被动关系，用被动语态，主句用的是一般将来时，状语从句中需用一般现在时代替将来时，主语book为第三人称单数。故填is delivered。 5. He brought us some novels, all of ________ are written in English. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他给我们带来了一些小说，都是用英语写的。这是一个非限定性定语从句，先行词是 some novels，关系代词在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，所以用关系代词which。根据句意，故填which。 6. For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more________(benefit) for health than eating first. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】beneficial 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：对于那些可以忍受的人来说，早餐前锻炼可能比先吃更有益于健康。系动词be后应用形容词，more后接形容词原形，benefit的形容词为beneficial，意为“有益的”，作表语。故填beneficial。 7. While ________ (discuss) the design to save the trapped miners, the experts found it rather practical. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】discussing 【解析】 【详解】考查省略。句意：在讨论拯救被困矿工的设计时，专家们发现它相当实用。while 引导的时间状语从句，当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句主语和 be 动词，这里完整的句子是 While they were discussing the design to save the trapped miners，省略了 they were。故填discussing。 8. The law ________(date) back to the 17th century is still in use today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】dating 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项可以追溯到17世纪的法律至今仍在使用。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语the law之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填dating。 9. The students are studying in an atmosphere ________ everyone is friendly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生们在每个人都很友好的气氛中学习。句中先行词为atmosphere，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。根据句意，故填where。 10. John was studying in his room ________ he heard someone screaming. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】考查连词。句意：约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到一声尖叫。此处为句型be doing...when...“正做某事时，突然……”。故填when。 11. Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.（用单词适当形式填空） 【答案】accuracy 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。 12. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house_________________we saw Lily in the passenger seat. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查强调句型。句意：直到那辆车停在我们家门口，我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶座上。根据句意及句子分析可知，把It was和该空去掉，句子结构完整，语义清晰，由此判断此处是强调句型“It is/was +被强调部分+that+句子其它成分”，如果被强调部分是人，可以用who代替that，这里强调时间状语从句，应用that。故填that。 13. The library is now a multimedia zone, ________ (load) with information in many formats. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】loaded 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：图书馆现在是一个多媒体区，装载着多种格式的信息。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词。名词The library和load之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填loaded。 14. It was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it ________ (take) to get there. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would take 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道到那里需要多长时间。根据句意，主句是过去时态，宾语从句也应使用过去某种时态，结合语境用过去将来时态would+动词原形，故填would take。 15. We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that ________ (occur) billions of years ago. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】occurred 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：我们是进化的产物，而不仅仅是数十亿年前发生的进化。根据时间状语billions of years ago可知，that引导的定语从句应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填occurred。 16. She apologised to me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking##having taken 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她向我道歉，承认误拿了我的雨伞。根据admit doing(承认做过某事）可知，空格处可以填taking；由于take的动作发生在主句apologised之前，因此还可以用having done。故填taking/having taken。 17. Who doesn’t love the name PNUT — short ____________ Personal Neo Urban Transport? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】for 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：谁不喜欢PNUT这个名字——Personal Neo Urban Transport的缩写？(be) short for意为“是……的缩写”。故填for。 18. So far, the closure of the factory ____________ (leave) hundreds of men unemployed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has left 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，工厂的关闭使数百人失业。根据句中时间状语So far可知，用现在完成时。主语是the closure of the factory，谓语动词用第三人称单数学生。故填has left。 19. With the College Entrance Examination _________(approach), I strongly recommend that we should value time and study hard to be admitted into key universities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】approaching 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考临近，我强烈建议我们应该珍惜时间，努力学习，考上重点大学。介词with后宾语the College Entrance Examination与approach之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填approaching。 20. Some were collecting firewood, while others were just ___________ (aimless) walking or standing by the road. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】aimlessly 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：一些人在捡柴火，而另一些人只是漫无目的地走着或站在路边。修饰动词walk应用副词aimlessly，作状语。故填aimlessly。 第二部分 阅读理解(每题 2.5 分，共 55 分) (1) Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make "green" ammonia (氨) from air, water and renewable electricity. In a paper published in Energy and Environmental Science, the authors say that ammonia synthesis (合成法) was one of the critical achievements of the 20th century. When used in fusiliers that significantly increase the output of food crops, it enabled agriculture to sustain an ever-expanding global population. But since the beginning of the 1900s when it was first employed, production of ammonia has been energy intensive- requiring temperatures higher than 400℃ and pressures greater than 200 atm-and all powered by fossil fuels. Dr. Emma Lovell, a co author on the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia- known as the Haber- Bosch process- is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and it produces more CO2 than any other chemical-making reaction. “In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in the one place,” says Dr. Lovell. “And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ” Dr. Lovell and her colleagues therefore looked at how to produce it cheaply, on a smaller scale and using renewable energy. Their new production method does not rely on fossil fuel resources, nor give of CO2. “And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand- farmers could even do this on location using our technology to make fertilisers- which means we negate the need for storage and transport There's a huge benefit to society as well as the health of the planet,”Dr. Lovell says. 21. What do we know about the Haver-Bosch process? A. It does harm to the earth. B. It requires green materials. C. It uses less energy and is cheap. D. It transforms fossil fuels into ammonia. 22. Why is the city Beirut mentioned in the text? A. To remind people to protect the environment. B. To give an example of the risk in ammonia storage. C. To convince farmers to transport ammonia elsewhere. D. To stress the choice of a proper centralised location. 23. What does the underlined word “negate” probably mean in the last paragraph? A. Inspect. B. Avoid. C. Suit. D. Accept. 24. What is the purpose of this text? A. To solve a problem. B. To explain a process. C. To advocate a theory. D. To introduce a method. 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨，这种新方法的使用对社会和地球的健康都有巨大的好处。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dr. Emma Lovell, a coauthor on the paper from UNSW, says the traditional way to make ammonia- known as the Haber- Bosch process- is only cost-effective when it is produced on a massive scale due to the huge amounts of energy and expensive materials required and it produces more CO2 than any other chemical-making reaction.”（新南威尔大学的合著者 Emma Lovell博士说，传统的制造氨的方法——即 Haber- Bosch工艺——只有在大规模生产时才具有成本效益，因为需要大量的能源和昂贵的材料，而且它比其他任何化学制造反应产生更多的二氧化碳。）第三段第一句““In addition to the big carbon footprint left by the Haber Bosch process, having to produce millions of tons of ammonia in centralised locations means even more energy is required to transport it around the world, not to mention the risks that go with storing large amounts of it in the one place,” says Dr. Lovel”（ Lovel博士说： “除了 Haber- Bosch工艺生产过程留下的大量碳足印，在集中地点生产数百万吨氨意味着需要更多的能源将氨运往全球，更不用说将大量氨存储在一个地方所带来的风险。”）可知，传统的制造氨的方法， Haber- Bosch工艺对地球是有害的。选项A与文意相符，故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“And we saw tragically in Beirut recently how potentially dangerous storing ammonium nitrate (硝酸盐) can be. ””（最近，我们在贝鲁特悲惨地看到了储存硝酸铵的潜在危险。）可知，此处引用城市Beirut的例子，是举例说明氨储存的风险。选项B与文意一致，故选B。 【23题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“And once it becomes available commercially, the technology could be used to produce ammonia directly on site and on demand- farmers could even do this on location using our technology to make fertilisers”（一旦商业化，这项技术就可以直接在现场生产氨，农民甚至可以在现场使用我们的技术生产化肥）可知，使用了这项技术，可以直接在现场生产氨。即这就意味着我们可以避免储存和运输了。“negate”意思是“避免”，选项B符合题意，故选B。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Chemical engineers at UNSW Sydney have found a way to make "green" ammonia (氨) from air, water and renewable electricity. ”（悉尼新南威尔士大学的化学工程师发现了一种方法，可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨），可知本文主要描述了一种可以从空气、水和可再生电力中制造“绿色”氨的新方法。选项D与文意相符，故选D。 (2) Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants. Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators. Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. Unfortunately, the worldwide spread of light pollution may be affecting the important interactions (相互作用) between plants and insects, causing bad consequences for both natural areas and agricultural lands. A team of scientists in Switzerland recently studied how the complex interactions between plants and pollinators were affected by artificial light at night. By setting up several grasslands with LED street lamps, the scientists were able to compare the differences. Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands. They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. Based on the fact that there was reduced fruit production in the controlled lands, the scientists found that the pollinators who worked during the day were not able to make up for the reduced activity of the pollinators at night. Additionally, there seemed to be the potential for a very negative effect, because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California. Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators. The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. Besides, plants and insects respond to varying wavelengths of light differently. More research is needed to understand the complex interactions between plants, pollinators, and different types of light. “The annually increasing man made light improves humans’ life. It causes bad consequences for the environment, however. We can never base our life on the loss of the environment,” says Knop, lead author of the study. 25. According to the passage, the first paragraph is used to ________. A. put forward a problem B. present background information C. inform the purpose of the study D. introduce the subjects to be studied 26. According to the study, the plants under the artificial light ________. A. stopped bearing fruits in the end B. failed to be pollinated C. were visited by fewer insects D. were more attractive to pollinators 27. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 5 refer to? A. The starvation of insects. B. The loss of pollination. C. The reduced fruit production. D. The death of some plants. 28. What can we learn from Paragraph 6? A. Misdirected insects confuse plants’ sense of time. B. Pollination and fruit production are related in two ways. C. The different effects of varying light on pollination are clear. D. Artificial light affects plants’ pollination and sense of time. 【答案】25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章讲述了光污染可能影响植物与昆虫间的重要互动，对自然区域和农业土地造成不良后果。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Pollination (授粉) is important for the reproduction of many plants. Some rely on the wind or water for pollination, but most depend on animals to serve as the pollinators. Insects like bees, moths, and beetles also serve as the pollinators, helping with this process. (授粉对许多植物的繁殖都很重要。有些依靠风或水授粉，但大多数依靠动物作为传粉者。蜜蜂、飞蛾和甲虫等昆虫也作为传粉者，帮助这一过程。)”介绍的是授粉的相关情况，可知第一段用于介绍背景信息。故选B。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Focusing on cabbage thistle, a type of plants, the researchers counted 62% fewer insect visits to the lit grasslands. They also noted 29% fewer pollinators than the ones in the uncontrolled lands, which resulted in 13% fewer fruits on the cabbage thistle plants they were studying. (以白菜蓟这种植物为研究对象，研究人员发现，在点亮的草原上，昆虫的数量减少了62%。他们还注意到，与未受控制的土地相比，传粉者减少了29%，这导致他们研究的白菜蓟植物的果实减少了13%。)”可知，这项研究表明，在人工光照下的植物访问的昆虫较少。故选C。 【27题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第五段“because many of the plants some insects are helping to pollinate are the most important sources of food for them. (因为对许多植物来说，一些帮助授粉的昆虫是它们最重要的食物来源。)”可知，植物是昆虫的重要的食物来源，所以这里的“消极影响”指的是“昆虫的饥饿”。故选A。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Artificial light affects pollination, and thus fruit production, in two different, but connected ways, according to a scientist from California. Imagine a moth flying into a light at night — the first way is by misdirecting pollinators. The second way is by confusing the sense of time of plants. (加利福尼亚的一位科学家表示，人造光以两种不同但相互关联的方式影响授粉，从而影响水果生产。想象一下，一只飞蛾在夜间飞向一盏灯——第一种方法是误导传粉者。第二种方法是混淆植物的时间感。)”可知，人造光影响植物的授粉和时间感。故选D。 (3) Antarctica(南极洲)’s melting ice, which has caused global sea levels to rise by at least 13.8 millimeters over the past 40 years, was thought to primarily come from the unstable West Antarctic Ice Sheet(WAIS). Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—considered largely unaffected by climate change—may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed. The WAIS, whose base is below sea level, has long been considered the most likely to break down. Besides gravity, a deep current of warm water slips beneath the sheet, melting it from below until it becomes a floating shelf at risk of breaking away. In contrast, extreme cold and a base mostly above sea level are thought to keep the EAIS relatively safe from warm waters. But as greenhouse gases warm much of the planet, driving stronger polar winds, some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica’s once unassailable ice. A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017. Eric Rignot of the University of California, Irvine, and colleagues combined 40 years of satellite imagery and climate modeling and found that overall Antarctica now sends six times more ice into the sea each year than it did in 1979, with the majority coming from West Antarctica. But East Antarctica was responsible for more than 30% of Antarctica’s contribution to the 13.8-millimeter sea level rise over the past 40 years. “The more we look at this system the more we realize this is fragile,” Rignot says. “Once these glaciers become unstable there is no red button to press to stop it.” Rignot hopes the study brings greater attention to a part of Antarctica that has traditionally been understudied. Helen Fricker, a glaciologist (冰川学家) in California, agrees. “We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can’t do that without international cooperation.” 29. What is the new finding of scientists? A. The east Antarctica is losing ice at an increasing rate. B. The west Antarctica is melting six times faster than in 1979. C. 5 billion tons of ice is added to Antarctica each year. D. The sea level has risen by 13.8 mm over the past 40 years. 30. Which factor leads to the EAIS’s melting fast? A. A base mostly over sea level. B. The force of gravity. C. The invasion of a warm current. D. Extremely low temperature. 31. Which of the following best explains “unassailable” underlined in Para. 3 ? A. Fragile. B. Unattackable. C. Mild. D. Unstable. 32. Which way does Helen Fricker specially advocate? A. Satellite imagery. B. Global monitoring. C. Worldwide climate modeling. D. Worldwide combined efforts. 【答案】29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，其中一个因素就是海洋暖流的入侵，科学家主张通过国际合作来监测南极洲。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now, scientists have found that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS)—considered largely unaffected by climate change—may also be melting at an unexpectedly rapid speed.”可知，科学家发现南极东部的冰层正在以出人意料的速度融化，故选A。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“some scientists think warm water carried by a circular current will start to invade East Antarctica’s once unassailable ice.”可知，科学家认为海洋环流携带的温暖的海水入侵南极东部的冰层导致其加速融化，故选C。 【31题详解】 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“A cooperation of more than 60 scientists last year, published in Nature, estimated that the EAIS actually added about 5 billion tons of ice each year from 1992 to 2017.”可知，1992年到2017年，南极东部的冰层每年增加50亿吨冰，按照常理推断体积如此庞大的冰层是坚不可摧的，由此可知画线词词义为“坚不可摧的”，故选B。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“We need to monitor the entire Antarctica and we just can’t do that without international cooperation.”可知，Helen Fricker认为我们需要监测南极洲，没有国际合作我们无法做到这一点，由此可知，Helen Fricker主张通过全世界共同的努力来监测南极洲，故选D。 (4) When you’re giving a speech, there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual. _____33_____ These requirements need to be considered when planning your speech. ___34___ Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation, so your tone and body language are more important than ever. Maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is necessary to keep them engaged. For smaller audiences, they often have more opportunities to be conversational and relaxed. This means you’ll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot and allow for questions or comments throughout. Meanwhile, you still need to deliver your message in the time you have. Keep it in mind that you naturally have different types of people in the audience. _______35_______ Generally, there are 4 different ways people learn: visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的). Including these elements of each learning style in your speech will help engage more of your audience. Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic. _____36_____ The most effective way to do this is to create two versions of your speech that have different contents entirely. No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content for who you’ll be talking to, you may find you are losing audience engagement. It’s important that you read and act on these signals which can be anything from lack of eye contact, yawning or your listener being on their phone. ___37___ A. Adapt your speech based on your audience size. B. Adjust your approach to get back their attention. C. It can assist in connecting with different audiences. D They learn and take in information in different ways. E. Adjust your speech to target these two types of audience. F. Take time to observe and look out for the reactions in the crowd. G. Audiences have different requirements when receiving information. 【答案】33. G 34. A 35. D 36. E 37. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种在演讲时针对观众情况应该注意的几个问题。 【33题详解】 根据前文“When you’re giving a speech, there isn’t a one-stop-shop approach that will address every individual.（当你在演讲时，没有一个一站式的方法可以解决每个人的问题。）”和下文“These requirements need to be considered when planning your speech.（在规划演讲时需要考虑这些要求。）”可知，在演讲时会遇到各种听众，这些听众会有不同的要求。G项“听众在接受信息时有不同的需求。”符合语境，下文的these requirements呼应选项中的different requirements。故选G。 【34题详解】 设空处为本段主旨句。根据下文“Larger audiences often have little or no audience participation, so your tone and body language are more important than ever. Maintaining eye contact with as many individuals is necessary to keep them engaged. For smaller audiences, they often have more opportunities to be conversational and relaxed. This means you’ll need to prepare enough material to fill the time slot and allow for questions or comments throughout.（更大的观众群体通常很少或根本没有观众参与度，所以你的语气和肢体语言比以往任何时候都更重要。与尽可能多的人保持眼神交流是保持他们参与的必要条件。对于较小的观众群体，他们通常有更多的机会进行交谈和放松。这意味着您需要准备足够的材料来填补时间段，并考虑到贯穿始终的问题或意见。）”可知，应该根据观众人数的多少调整演讲。A项“根据你的听众人数调整你的演讲。”可以作为本段主旨句。故选A。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Keep it in mind that you naturally have different types of people in the audience.（记住，观众中自然有不同类型的人。）”和下文“Generally, there are 4 different ways people learn: visual, auditory, reading and writing and kinaesthetic (动觉的).（一般来说，人们有四种不同的学习方式：视觉、听觉、阅读和写作以及动觉。）”可知，观众中有不同类型的人，自然他们的学习和吸收方式就不一样。D项“他们以不同的方式学习和吸收信息。”符合语境，选项里的they指代上文的different types of people in the audience,且下文对观众的学习方式进行了举例说明。故选D。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Consider whether you are addressing other experts in the same field or beginners with limited knowledge around the topic.（考虑一下你是在向同一领域的其他专家演讲，还是向知识有限的初学者演讲。）”可知，针对不同的人有不同演技方式或内容。E项“调整你的演讲以针对这两类听众。”符合语境，选项中的两类观众指的就是上文提到的专家和初学者。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据上文“No matter how much you prepare and adapt your content for who you’ll be talking to, you may find you are losing audience engagement. It’s important that you read and act on these signals which can be anything from lack of eye contact, yawning or your listener being on their phone.（无论你准备了多少内容并对内容进行了调整，以适应你交谈的对象，你可能会发现你正在失去观众的参与度。重要的是，你要读懂这些信号，并根据这些信号采取行动，这些信号可以是缺乏眼神交流、打哈欠或你的听众正在打电话。）”可知，观众会对演讲内容失去兴趣，因此演讲者要调整方法重新引起他们的注意。B项“调整你的方法以重新引起他们的注意。”符合语境。故选B。 (5) Unsurprisingly, people who are very busy also tend to be very successful and knowledgeable, so it’s in your interest to befriend with them. But how do you talk to such busy people in order to make friends with them? ____38____ the same rules apply. However, there are a few specific rules for talking with busy people in particular. Remember that even busy people are social creatures. That people are busy doesn’t mean they don’t want to chat with others or they don’t enjoy it. ____39____ Busy people can be very social and friendly. Like anyone else, they have a deep-seated need to socialize and make friends. ___40___ They know they’re capable and in demand, but it doesn’t mean they expect others to prove themselves to them. The best use of your time talking with busy people is not in trying to impress them. Focus on making a conversation and creating a connection, not on proving yourself. Spend more time in their field. When dealing with busy people, since their time is in high demand, your favorite topics take a slight backseat to theirs. It usually makes sense to make sure they find the topics you talk about meaningful. ___41___ Get to the point. ____42____ Their time is highly valuable. So they don’t need you to sugar coat your messages that much, they just want you to say what you have to say. A. Don’t try to prove yourself. B. Don’t hesitate to change your plans. C. They just don’t have that much time for it. D. It’s comfortable for them to chat with people who they like. E. Mostly, talking to busy people is the same as talking to any others. F. Once you’ve found a topic they enjoy talking about, you should explore that topic. G. Busy people have little patience for communicators who beat around the bush. 【答案】38. E 39. C 40. A 41. F 42. G 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者针对如何与忙碌的人交流这一问题，给出了自己的一些建议。 【38题详解】 由下文the same rules apply.可知，同样的规则也适用这些忙碌的人。所以选项承接下文。故E选项“大多数情况下，和忙碌的人交谈与和其他人交谈是一样的”切题。故选E。 【39题详解】 由前文 That people are busy doesn’t mean they don’t want to chat with others or they don’t enjoy it.可知，人们很忙并不意味着他们不想和别人聊天或者他们不喜欢聊天。所以选项解释上文。故C选项“他们只是没有那么多时间”切题。选C。 【40题详解】 由下文They know they’re capable and in demand, but it doesn’t mean they expect others to prove themselves to them. 可知，他们知道自己有能力，有需要，但这并不意味着他们期待别人向他们证明自己。所以本段主要在说不要试图证明你自己也就是选项所要说明的内容。故A选项“不要试图证明你自己”切题。故选A。 【41题详解】 由前文It usually makes sense to make sure they find the topics you talk about meaningful.可知，确保他们觉得你谈论的话题有意义通常是有意义的。所以这里提到了话题的选择问题，故F选项“一旦你找到一个他们喜欢谈论的话题，你应该探索那个话题”切题。故选F项。 【42题详解】 由上下文Get to the point. 和Their time is highly valuable.可知，讲话时言归正传， 他们的时间是非常宝贵的。所以选项承接山下文。故G选项“忙碌的人对拐弯抹角说话的交流者没有耐心”切题。故选G。 第三部分 完型填空(每题 1 分，共 45 分) (1) It’s often recommended to befriend the enemy, but high school freshman Xavier Staubs did more than that. He saved his life. At a swim meet, the 15-year-old boy rescued a ___43___who was struggling under water. It ___44___as a regular home meet. Xavier had just completed his relay. As he was resting, he suddenly noticed a boy in an adjoining lane was___45___. “I heard people screaming, and I see him underneath.” Without___46___, Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety. ___47___, the boy started breathing on his own. His___48___actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar, who___49___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Congressional Record. At lunchtime, Xavier learned the congressman was coming to meet him. Moolenaar wanted to ___50___him with a recognition that would be kept in the Library of Congress. “We heard the story about what he had done. The more I learned about it, the more I thought we really wanted to praise what he did,” the Congressman told CNN. “Usually, you heard bad outcomes and ___51___situations,” Moolenaar said. “This was such a powerful ____52____of one student helping another____53____the two boys were competitors.” ____54____, Xavier’s mother, Jillian Staubs, said she was not____55____. She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow ____56____. Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did. And Xavier performing such a ____57____act was something she’s used to hearing about. Xavier is not only a great swimmer but also a dancer, band member and a straight-A student. And now, a hero. 43. A. classmate B. competitor C. volunteer D. stranger 44. A. took off B. put off C. moved off D. started off 45. A. performing B. competing C. drowning D. training 46. A. doubt B. admission C. preparation D. hesitation 47. A. Unluckily B. Fortunately C. Sadly D. Honestly 48. A. inspiring B. moving C. heroic D. modest 49. A. observed B. respected C. encouraged D. recognized 50. A. present B. react C. deserve D. judge 51 A. amusing B. upset C. pleasant D. surprising 52. A. example B. incident C. relief D. event 53. A. as for B. as though C. even though D. now that 54. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Besides D. However 55. A. pleased B. surprised C. delighted D. puzzled 56. A. involved B. threatened C. influenced D. endangered 57. A. determined B. generous C. selfless D. devoted 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是15岁男孩Xavier跳进游泳池救人的故事。Xavier不仅是个游泳健将，还是个舞蹈演员，乐队成员，还是个全优生。现在，他成了一位英雄。 【43题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一次游泳比赛中，这名15岁的男孩救出了一名在水下挣扎的选手。A. classmate同学；B. competitor 竞争者；C. volunteer志愿者；D. stranger陌生人。根据第1空前后At a swim meet, the 15-year-old boy rescued a ___1___who was struggling under water.可知，是在游泳比赛中救出了一名“竞争者”。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一开始只是一个普通的家庭聚会。A. took off 脱掉，起飞；B. put off 推迟；C. moved off 离开；D. started off出发，开始。根据第2空后as a regular home meet.可知，这里指的是“刚开始时”。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他休息的时候，他突然注意到隔壁赛道里的一个男孩溺水了。A. performing 表演；B. competing竞争；C. drowning淹没；D. training训练。根据第4空后的Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety.可知，此处指男孩“溺水”。故选C。 【46题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Xavier毫不犹豫地跳进游泳池，把男孩拉到了安全的地方。A. doubt怀疑；B. admission 承认；C. preparation准备；D. hesitation犹豫。 根据第4空后Xavier dived back into the pool and pulled the boy out to safety.可知，此处指“毫不犹豫”去救男孩。故选D。 【47题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，男孩开始自己呼吸了。A. Unluckily不幸运地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Sadly伤心地；D. Honestly诚实地。根据第5空后的the boy started breathing on his own.可知，此处指男孩获救了，他很“幸运”。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Xavier的英勇行为引起了众议员John Moolenaar的注意，他在国会记录中向Xavier致敬。 A. inspiring令人受鼓舞的；B. moving令人受感动的；C. heroic英雄的；D. modest谦虚的。根据第6空后actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar可知，Xavier救人的行为是“英勇的”。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Xavier的英勇行为引起了众议员John Moolenaar的注意，他在国会记录中向Xavier致敬。A. observed观察；B. respected尊重；C. encouraged鼓励；D. recognized认识。根据第7空前后actions got the attention of Representative John Moolenaar, who___7___Xavier with a tribute (赞颂) in the Congressional Record.可知，Xavier的救人行为得到了众议员John Moolenaar的“认可”。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Moolenaar想给他一份表彰，并将其保存在国会图书馆。A. present赠送，提出；B. react反应；C. deserve应受；D. judge判断。根据第8空后的him with a recognition that would be kept in the Library of Congress.可知，Moolenaar“提出” 对Xavier表彰。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Moolenaar说:“通常情况下，你会听到糟糕的结果和令人沮丧的情况。 A. amusing引人发笑的；B. upset心烦的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. surprising令人惊讶的。根据第9空前的heard bad outcomes可知，此处指“心烦的”境况。故选B。 【52题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这是一个如此有力的例子，尽管两个男孩是竞争对手，但一个学生帮助另一个学生。”A. example例子；B. incident事件；C. relief救济，减轻；D. event活动。根据第10空后的of one student helping another___11___the two boys were competitors.可知，这是学生互相帮助的“例子”。故选A。 【53题详解】 考查状语从句连接词。句意：“这是一个如此有力的例子，尽管两个男孩是竞争对手，但一个学生帮助另一个学生。”A. as for至于；B. as though 好像；C. even though即使，尽管；D. now that既然。根据第11空前后one student helping another和the two boys were competitors.可知，此处是一种转折关系，是even though引导的让步状语从句。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，Xavier的母亲Jillian Staubs说她并不感到惊讶。 A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Besides另外；D. However然而。根据下文Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不感到惊讶，所以前后是一种转折关系。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Xavier的母亲Jillian Staubs说她并不感到惊讶。A. pleased感到高兴的；B. surprised感到惊讶的；C. delighted高兴的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据下文Staubs said she tries to raise her children like what her grandmother did.可知，Staubs对儿子的行为并不“感到惊讶”。故选B。 【56题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她心里觉得她儿子与此事有某种关系。A. involved 涉及；B. threatened威胁；C. influenced影响；D. endangered危及。根据第14空前She arrived at the meet five minutes after the rescue happened. Something in her mind told her that her son was somehow可知，Staubs觉得此事与儿子“有关”。故选A。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Xavier这种无私的行为她已经听过很多了。A. determined坚决的；B. generous慷慨的；C. selfless无私的；D. devoted献身的。根据第15空前后Xavier performing such a ___15___act was something she’s used to hearing about可知，此处指Xavier有过很多次“无私的”行为。故选C。 (2) When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible. But she didn’t ____58____. At twelve, she asked our parents if she could attend a full time music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister ____59____ talent. I was better at my ____60____ . My teacher had told my parents that I had great ____61____ . So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to ___62___ me. But the only time he was ____63____ was Saturday afternoons at 3 pm. Back then, I was crazy about the British TV show The Avengers, which was ___64___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nothing take up my Avengers hour. So I ____65____ this amazing opportunity. Today, I don’t even have a piano in my house. My sister became an engineer, but she ____66____ stopped making music. When she was in her forties, she switched _____67_____ . She went back to college, got a _____68_____ in music education, and became a music teacher. She starts kids off on their first instrument and gives them all the encouragement and support she never _____69_____ . Recently, she and a pianist pal put on a recital. A big crowd of friends and family _____70_____ for her. As she played, I looked around at the audience. Everyone was _____71_____ enjoying the music. It occurred to me that I was the only person who remembered that 7 year old kid making those perfectly _____72_____ sounds and knew how far she had come, despite everything. Talent is important. But enthusiasm is even more important. 58. A. admit B. advance C. quit D. improve 59. A. admired B. lacked C. had D. enriched 60. A. major B. project C. composition D. instrument 61. A. ambition B. patience C. enthusiasm D. potential 62. A. examine B. train C. correct D. challenge 63. A. available B. punctual C. crazy D. particular 64. A. aired B. filmed C. designed D. commented 65. A. took over B. picked out C. waited for D. turned down 66. A. already B. even C. never D. once 67. A. attitudes B. careers C. plans D. positions 68. A. degree B. chance C. scholarship D. sponsor 69. A. expected B. provided C. imagined D. received 70. A. paid off B. showed off C. stayed up D. turned up 71. A. appropriately B. anxiously C. obviously D. desperately 72. A. sweet B. awful C. powerful D. unique 【答案】58. C 59. B 60. D 61. D 62. B 63. A 64. A 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. D 71. C 72. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者妹妹从开始学习小提琴到最终成为音乐老师的过程，告诉读者热情和坚持比天赋更重要。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但她没有放弃。A. admit承认；B. advance前进；C. quit停止；D. improve提高。根据下文“At twelve, she asked our parents if she could attend a full time music school.”可知，虽然我的妹妹不擅长弹奏乐器，但是她从未放弃，在12岁时，她再次提出学习音乐。故选C。 【59题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，每个人都认为我妹妹缺乏天赋。A. admired钦佩；B. lacked缺少；C. had有；D. enriched使富足、使丰富。根据上文“When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible.”可知，人们在听完妹妹演奏小提琴后都认为妹妹缺乏天赋。故选B。 【60题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我更擅长演奏乐器。A. major主修；B. project项目；C. composition成分、作文；D. instrument仪器、乐器。根据上文可知，作者的妹妹不擅长音乐；再根据下文“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to ___5___ me.”可知，作者更擅长演奏乐器，所以作者的父母为作者找了钢琴老师。故选D。 【61题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的老师曾告诉我父母，我很有潜力。A. ambition野心、志向；B. patience耐心；C. enthusiasm热情；D. potential潜力。根据上文可知，作者更加擅长演奏乐器；而根据下文“So my parents found the best piano teacher in the area to ___5___ me.”可推测，老师认为作者很有潜力。故选D。 【62题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，父母为我找到了当地最好的钢琴老师来训练我。A. examine检查；B. train训练；C. correct纠正；D. challenge挑战。根据空前“the best piano teacher in the area”以及上文老师认为作者有潜力可推测，作者的父母为作者找到了一名很好的钢琴老师来训练作者。故选B。 【63题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他唯一有空的时间是每周六下午3点。A. available可利用的、可得到的、有空的；B. punctual准时的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. particular特别的、特殊的。根据下文“I let nothing take up my Avengers hour. So I ____8____ this amazing opportunity.”可推测，这位老师只有每周六下午3点有空训练作者。故选A。 【64题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那时，我疯狂地迷上了英国电视剧《复仇者》，它每周六下午3点播出。A. aired晾干、广播；B. filmed把……拍成电影；C. designed设计；D. commented评论。根据下文“I let nothing take up my Avengers hour. So I ____8____ this amazing opportunity.”可推测，这部电视剧是在每周六下午3点播出。故选A。 【65题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：所以我拒绝了这次绝佳的机会。A. took over接管；B. picked out辨认出；C. waited for等待；D. turned down调低、拒绝。根据上文“Back then, I was crazy about the British TV show The Avengers, which was ___7___ every Saturday at 3 pm. I let nothing take up my Avengers hour.”可知，作者非常喜欢这部电视剧，所以作者不想任何事情占用自己看《复仇者》的时间。由此可推测，她放弃了学习的机会。故选D。 【66题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我妹妹成了一名工程师，但她从未停止过创作音乐。A. already已经；B. even甚至；C. never绝不；D. once曾经。根据下文“She went back to college, got a ____11____ in music education, and became a music teacher.”可推测，作者的妹妹从未停止过创作音乐。故选C。 【67题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：四十多岁时，她转行了。A. attitudes态度；B. careers职业；C. plans计划；D. positions位置、职位。根据下文可知，作者的妹妹成为了一名音乐老师，由此可知，她转行了。故选B。 【68题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她重返大学，获得了音乐教育学位，成为了一名音乐老师。A. degree学位、程度、度数；B. chance机会；C. scholarship奖学金、学问；D. sponsor赞助者。根据下文“became a music teacher”可知，作者的妹妹回到大学获得了音乐教育学位，并成为了一名音乐老师。故选A。 【69题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她让孩子们开始学习他们的第一种乐器，并给予他们她从未得到过的所有鼓励和支持。A. expected期待；B. provided提供；C. imagined想象；D. received收到。根据上文“At twelve, she asked our parents if she could attend a full time music school. They said no. Actually, everyone agreed that my sister ____2____ talent.”可知，作者的妹妹从未得到过鼓励和家人的支持。故选D。 【70题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一大群朋友和家人都来为她捧场。A. paid off偿清、取得回报；B. showed off炫耀；C. stayed up熬夜；D. turned up调高、出现。根据下文“As she played, I looked around at the audience. Everyone was ____14____ enjoying the music.”可知，她举办音乐会的时候，朋友家人是现身为她捧场。故选D。 【71题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，每个人都很享受这场音乐。A. appropriately恰当地；B. anxiously焦急地、焦虑地；C. obviously显而易见；D. desperately拼命地、绝望地、极严重地。根据上文“As she played, I looked around at the audience.”可知，作者观察了观众的反应之后，发现人们很享受音乐。这是显而易见可以被看出来的。故选C。 【72题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我是唯一一个记得那个七岁的小孩演奏出那些完全糟糕的声音的人，我也知道她一路走来经历了多少艰辛。A. sweet甜美的；B. awful糟糕的；C. powerful强有力的；D. unique独特的。根据上文“When my sister Diane began playing the violin, she was seven. How did she sound? Terrible.”可知，空处指的是妹妹7岁演奏小提琴时发出的糟糕的声音。故选B。 (3) There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____73_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back. It looked very _____74_____. But when the neighbors saw their _____75_____, they just looked at each other and laughed. It seemed too hard to _____76_____ all the gardens and no one could be bothered to make them better because everyone's garden was _____77_____ terrible. No one felt it was urgent to _____78_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a _____79_____, hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he _____80_____ in the street. He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. Finally, he took up his gardening and started _____81_____ his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc. Attracted by the ______82______, the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over some time, something interesting happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more ______83______ in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was ______84______ from a dirty, unappealing collection of houses to a beautiful avenue that wouldn't be out of place in a stylish magazine. One person's action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little ______85______ work. It's easy for us to ______86______ the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only ______87______ yourself, but also results in a change to the whole world. 73. A. taking over B. dying out C. giving D. falling off 74. A. tidy B. delicate C. familiar D. awful 75. A. gardens B. doors C. roofs D. farms 76. A. purchase B. guard C. clear D. build 77. A. scarcely B. invisibly C. slightly D. equally 78. A. keep B. change C. reach D. defeat 79. A. proud B. casual C. neat D. selfless 80. A. settled B. stepped C. performed D. stood 81. A. planting B. picking C. watering D. shaping 82. A. office clerk B. fashion designer C. landscape gardener D. street cleaner 83. A. furniture B. staff C. effort D. heat 84. A. transformed B. moved C. enlarged D. passed 85. A. mental B. hard C. corporate D. optional 86. A. observe B. mind C. overlook D. pollute 87. A. traps B. benefits C. defends D. admires 【答案】73. A 74. D 75. A 76. C 77. D 78. B 79. C 80. A 81. D 82. C 83. C 84. A 85. B 86. C 87. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述一条街的邻居在比尔的影响下开始清理自己的花园，让周围环境更美的故事，告诉读者一个人的行为可以向人们展示只需要一点点努力就可以做出改变。 【73题详解】 考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：草坪杂草丛生，杂草占据了花园，树篱迫切地需要修剪。A. taking over接管，接收； B. dying out灭绝；C. giving给；D. falling off跌落，下降。根据上文的“The lawns were overgrown”可知，此处指杂草接管了花园，即“占据”。故选A。 【74题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它看起来非常糟糕。A. tidy整洁的；B. delicate精美的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. awful糟糕的。根据上文的“The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back.”可知，这里的花园杂草丛生，看起来非常糟糕。故选D。 【75题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当邻居看着他们的花园时，他们只是相视而笑。A. gardens花园；B. doors门；C. roofs屋顶；D. farms农场。根据上文的“There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens.”可知，此处是指花园。故选A。 【76题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. purchase购买；B. guard守卫；C. clear清理；D. build建造。根据下文的“to make them better”可知，此处是指清理这些花园。故选C。 【77题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. scarcely几乎不；B. invisibly看不见地；C. slightly稍微地；D. equally相同的。根据上文的“where no one cared much for their gardens.”可知，这条街上人们的花园都同样糟糕，因为大家都不关心花园。故选D。 【78题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人觉得迫切需要改变什么。A. keep保持；B. change改变；C. reach到达；D. defeat打败。结合上文提到大家看到杂草丛生的花园都无动于衷、不想清理可知，没人想要做出改变。且下文的“but also results in a change to the whole world.”也是提示。故选B。 【79题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. proud骄傲的；B. casual随意的；C. neat整洁的；D. selfless无私的。根据下文的“He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. ”可知，比尔开始清理花园，由此推知他是一个爱整洁的人。故选C。 【80题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. settled定居，安顿；B. stepped踏；C. performed表演；D. stood站。根据上文的“Then a gardener named Bill moved in.”可知，比尔搬到了这条街，即在这里安顿下来。故选A。 【81题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他开始了园艺，开始给树篱造型，让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球或者其他。A. planting种植；B. picking摘；C. watering浇水；D. shaping塑造，造型。根据下文的“making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc.”可知，比尔在给树篱造型，让它们看起来更美。故选D。 【82题详解】 考查名词词组辨析。句意：被园林园丁吸引，邻居们专程过来欣赏刚刚休整好的花园。A. office clerk办公室职员；B. fashion designer时尚设计师；C. landscape gardener园林园丁；D. street cleaner街道清扫员。根据上文的“he took up his gardening and started _____9_____ his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc.”可推知，比尔是一个园林园丁。故选C。 【83题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们陆续开始投入更多的精力到自己的花园，割草机的声音又可以被听见了。A. furniture家具；B. staff员工；C. effort努力，精力；D. heat热量。根据上文的“There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens.”可知，从前邻居们对自家的花园不管不顾，但现在在比尔的影响下开始把更多的精力投入到其中。故选C。 【84题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这条街从一堆肮脏、毫无吸引力的房子变成了一条在时尚杂志上都不会显得格格不入的街道。A. transformed改变；B. moved搬动；C. enlarged扩大；D. passed经过。结合上文可知，现在这条街的人都格外关注自己的花园，由此推知这条街发生了变化，即被改变了。故选A。 【85题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人的行为向所有人展示了只需要一点努力就可以取得成就。A. mental精神上的；B. hard努力的；C. corporate合作的；D. optional选择的。根据上文的“One by one, the neighbors started to put in more _____11_____ in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again.”可知，只要每个人都付出一点努力，结果就会大不相同。故选B。 【86题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易忽略我们的周围的环境，因为没有其他人在乎它。A. observe观察；B. mind介意；C. overlook忽略；D. pollute污染。根据上文的“The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back.”和“But when the neighbors saw their _____3_____, they just looked at each other and laughed.”可知，人们很容易忽略周围的环境，因为大家都不关注。故选C。 【87题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住：你积极从事的事情不仅对你有益，还可以给整个世界带来变化。A. traps困住；B. benefits对……有益；C. defends保卫，守卫；D. admires钦佩，羡慕。结合上文故事可知，比尔清理花园的行为不仅对自己有好处，还带动整条街的邻居改变周围的环境。故选B。 第四部分 语篇填空(每题 1.5 分，共 30 分) (1) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 April 24th marked the 50th anniversary of Earth Day, the creation of ___88___ is considered as the beginning of the modern environmental movement by the ___89___ (major) of people. Many people continue to stay at home during the recent months. As a result, people are making less pollution, and the air has become ___90___ (clean). Smog stopped ___91___ (cover) New Delhi, one of the world’s most ___92___ ( pollute) cities. Nitrogen dioxide pollution in___93___ northeastern of the United States ___94___ (drop) by 30 percent up till now. Stars seem more visible at night. Researchers have been observing sharp drops in traditional air pollutants (污染物), such as nitrogen dioxide, smog and tiny particles. These kinds of pollutants kill up to 7 million people a year worldwide. “Human activity usually makes it difficult for sea turtles ___95___ (leave) their eggs on sandy coastlines. Nesting turtles need to be undisturbed. After they come out of their eggs, baby turtles might have difficulty finding their way to the water because of bright lights. But ___96___ the lights mostly off and people staying at home, the sea turtle nesting ____97____ (seem) much better at present,” Godfrey said. “There’s still a hope left for wildlife,” Godfrey said. 【答案】88. which 89. majority 90. cleaner 91. covering 92. polluted 93. the 94. has dropped 95. to leave 96. with 97. seems 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲的是关于地球日的一些事情，包括人们在地球日里常做的活动以及设立地球日在保护自然环境和生态以及减少污染方面的重大意义等。 【88题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空格位于介词of后面，指代“Earth Day”，是物，介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which。故填which。 【89题详解】 考查名词。句意：4月24日是地球日50周年纪念日，地球日的创立被大多数人认为是现代环保运动的开始。空格前为定冠词，空格后为介词of，可推断空格应填名词；且the majority of+可数名词复数形式，意为“大多数……”，是固定搭配。故填majority。 【90题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，人们制造的污染更少了，空气变得更干净了。空格前为系动词has become(已经变得），空格后为句号，结合句子前半部分提及“人们产生更少的污染”，提示句子涉及比较级，应用形容词比较级cleaner（更干净的）修饰主语the air(空气）。故填cleaner。 【91题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：雾霾停止笼罩新德里。stop doing sth意为“停止做某事”，此处应用动名词covering（覆盖），表示“新德里不再被雾霾笼罩”。故填covering。 【92题详解】 考查形容词。句意：世界上污染最严重的城市之一。one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式，意为“最……的……之一”，故此处应填polluted（受污染的），且“most polluted”为形容词最高级形式，符合题意。故填polluted。 【93题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。in the northeastern part of意为“在……的东北部”，是固定搭配，可知此处缺少定冠词the。故填the。 【94题详解】 考查时态。句意：到目前为止，美国东北部的二氧化氮污染已经下降了30%。空格前为主语Nitrogen dioxide...United States（美国东北部地区的二氧化氮），是第三人称单数，空格后为介词by，推断空格为谓语动词，结合up till now（到现在为止），提示句子时态为现在完成时。故填has dropped。 【95题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：人类活动通常会使海龟难以在沙滩上产卵。分析句子结构可知，此处为sth. make(s) it difficult for sb. to do sth.（某事让做某事对于某人来说是困难的），在此结构中，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。故填to leave。 【96题详解】 考查介词。句意：但是随着大部分灯关了以及人们留在家里，现在海龟筑巢区域看起来好多了。分析句子结构可知，此处应用with引导伴随状语。表示“随着……”。故填with。 【97题详解】 考查时态。句意：但是随着大部分灯关了以及人们留在家里，现在海龟筑巢区域看起来好多了。空格前为主语the sea turtle nesting(海龟筑巢），是第三人称单数，空格后为表语much better(好多了），修饰主语，推断空格为系动词，结合at present（现在），提示句子时态为一般现在时，应用seems，意为“看起来”。故填seems。 【点睛】“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人) ，即：介词+which/whom。当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 (2) 阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Our grandparents seems to have magic powers sometimes. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar___98___they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later. What's the secret? They are following the 24 Solar Terms (节气), ___99___were added on Nov. 30 to the list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (人类非物资文化遗产) by the United Nations (UN). It is a knowledge system and social practice___100___(form) through people's observations of the sun's annual movements and its influence on the climate. The 24 Solar Terms___101___(come) into being during the Qin and Han___102___ (dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were___103___(extreme) important for them. But of course, they had no satellite, internet or weather broadcast___104___(help) them.___105___these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement and also___106___(pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth. It is honored as China's____107____(five) great invention, after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology-based modern farming. 【答案】98. and 99. which 100. formed 101. came 102. dynasties 103. extremely 104. to_help 105. Despite 106. paying 107. fifth 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍中国的24节气被增加到人类非物资文化遗产的名录中，介绍24节气的由来和重要性。 【98题详解】 考查连词。句意：给他们一份中国农历，他们就会知道几天甚至几个月后的天气怎么样。分析句子结构可知，此处是祈使句“祈使句＋and/or＋简单句的句型”，前后是顺承关系，应使用连词and。故填and。 【99题详解】 考查定语从句。本句中使用which引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中做主语，修饰the 24 Solar Terms (节气)。故填which。 【100题详解】 考查非谓语动词。此处使用非谓语动词作定语修饰a knowledge system and social practice，a knowledge system and social practice和form是被动关系，应使用过去分词。故填formed。 【101题详解】 考查时态。这句话的时间是during the Qin and Han，应用一般过去时。故填came。 【102题详解】 考查名词单复数。dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦朝和汉朝，应用复数。故填dynasties。 【103题详解】 考查副词。修饰形容词important，应用副词。故填extremely。 【104题详解】 考查不定式用法。句意：但当然，他们没有卫星、互联网或天气广播来帮助他们。此处不定式用作定语表用途和范围。故填to help。 【105题详解】 考查介词。虽然有这些困难，他们还是成功地制定了24节气。这里需要介词，表示转折的介词是despite意为“尽管……”。故填Despite。 【106题详解】 考查动名词。本句是一个并列结构，此处与动名词短语studying the sun's movement并列作by的宾语，应用动名词。故填paying。 【107题详解】 考查序数词。句意：它被誉为中国第五大发明。本句中使用序数词做定语，修饰invention。故填fifth。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$