内容正文:
►专题09 时态
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考点精
讲
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考点01 动词的时态
现在时
过去时
将来时
过去将来时
一般
ask/asks
asked
shall/will ask
should/would ask
进行
am/is/are asking
was/were asking
shall/will be asking
should/would be asking
完成
have/has asked
had asked
shall/will have asked
should/would have asked
完成进行
have/has been asking
had been asking
shall/will have been asking
should/would have been asking
考点02 重要时态用法详解
1.一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频率的时间状语连用,如always(总是),usually(通常),often(经常),sometimes(有时),never(从不)。常在以下情况使用。
一般现在时的用法
例句
表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
表示客观真理、客观存在、科学事实
The earth moves around the sun.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
用在格言或警句中
Pride goes before a fall.
表示现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性等
Ann Wang writes well in English but does not speak well.
主句是一般将来时,时间或条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)
I’ll go there after I finish my work.
在以 here, there 开头的句子中,go, come 等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作
There goes the bell.
Here she comes.
按照计划表、时刻表安排好的将来的事情。
The meeting starts at five o’clock this afternoon.
2.一般过去时
一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday(昨天),last night(昨晚),last week(上周),last year(去年)等。常在以下情况使用。
一般过去时的用法
例句
表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He suddenly fell ill last night.
表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作,常和 often(经常),always(总是),once a week(一周一次)等表示频度的时间状语连用
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school.
3.一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间的动作或状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。有四种基本结构,具体如下。
一般将来时的用法
例句
will/shall+动词原形
注意:shall 用于第一人称,常用 will 代替;will 在陈述句中用于各种人称,在征求意见时常用第二人称。
Which paragraph shall I read first?
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
be going to + 动词原形,表示将来
主语的意图,即将做某事
What are you going to do tomorrow?
计划、安排要发生的事
The play is going to be produced next month.
有迹象要发生的事
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
be +不定式,表示将来,指按计划或正在安排将发生的事
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.
be about to + 动词原形 +when 从句,意为“马上做某事”
注意:be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week等明确表示将来时间的时间状语连用。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
4.现在进行时
现在进行时表示动作正在进行,这个动作是暂时的,也是未完成的。主要有以下三种用法。
现在进行时的用法
例句
代替一般将来时,表示按计划安排即将发生的动作
He is leaving for Beijing.
代替一般现在时,使描绘更加生动。
The Yangtze River is flowing into the East China Sea.
与频度副词 always, constantly 等连用,表示夸奖、埋怨等感情色彩。
You are always talking too much.
*5.过去进行时
过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作,常和表示过去的时间状语 then, at that time/moment, yesterday, at nine, last night 等连用或者与 when, while, as引导的表过去的时间状语从句连用。但在不少情况下,没有表示时间的状语,这时需要通过上下文来表示。主要有以下四种用法。
过去进行时的用法
例句
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。
注意:这一过去的时间须用时间状语表示
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
表示动作在另一过去动作发生时仍在进行
They were still working when I left.
表示两个过去进行的动作同时发生
I was writing while he was watching TV.
表示过去将来动作
He said she was arriving the next day.
6.现在完成时
现在完成时表示从过去某一时间发生到现在或将继续持续下去的动作,强调过去发生的事对现在造成的影响,还表示现在已经完成的动作。常与 so far, recently, lately, twice, for…, since… 等连用。主要有以下几种用法。
现在完成时的用法
例句
表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
— Have you had your lunch yet?
— Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.(说明现在我不饿了)
表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,而且可能还要继续下去。
I’ve known Bob for three years.
I’ve been at this school for over two years.
have been (to)与have gone (to)的区别
have been (to) 表 示“ 去 过 某地(现在已经回来了)”;可用于各种人称;可与 once, never, several times 等连用
They have been to Beijing twice.
have gone (to) 表示“去某地了(还没有回来)”,常用于第三人称;不可与once, never, several times等连用
He has gone to Beijing.
短暂性动词
短暂性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,如come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die等
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven’t received his letter for a month.
短暂性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用
I haven’t left here since 1997.
*7.过去完成时
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去(past-in-the-past)”。过去完成时的常见用法有以下几种。
(
现在
) (
过去
) (
过去的过去
)
过去完成时
例句
表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”
He had shut the door before the dog came up.
Everything had been all right up till this morning.
表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成,还有可能要继续下去
At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.
He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
常用 hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。
We had expected that you would be able to win
the match.
过去完成时可用于hardly...when...(刚……就……), no sooner...than...(刚……就……),It was the first time + that等固定句型中
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
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