2024年中职英语中职复习：4.2阅读理解课件

第四部分 题型专项 PART TWO 阅读理解 02 阅读理解在英语考试中的重要性很高。阅读理解的文章涉及的主题多样，包括个人与家庭、学校生活、日常生活、休闲娱乐、健康、居住环境、出行、科学技术、工作、节日与习俗等多个领域。体裁以记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文为主。考查的题型基本围绕细节信息题、推理判断题、词/句义猜测题和主旨大意题这四类展开。考查考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力，包括综合理解能力以及推断和总结概括的能力。 考 情 速 递 题 型 解 读 一、细节信息题 考查的是考生把握文章具体内容和细节查找的能力。这类题目是阅读理解部分占比最大，同时也是较为简单的题型。只要考生能够读懂原文，理解题意，就能准确定位答案。细节信息题大致可以分为两类：一类是直接理解题，另一类是间接理解题。无论是直接理解题还是间接理解题，都要求考生能够理解文章大意，抓住文章细节。 题目类型 题型特征 题干示例 应试技巧 直接理解题 简单明了，题干和选项均出自原文，不需要转换和加工就可以直接在原文中找到答案 （1）When was he born? （2）When did he pass the exam? （3）When was the machine invented? （4）Where does he live now? / Where was the writer? （5）How long did the people have to wait outside? （6）What’s his favorite subject in school? （7）What does “×××” symbolize? / According to the passage, “×××” is the symbol of . （8）Who helped him/ her when he/ she was in trouble? 抓住题干中的关键词，定位到文章中相应的段落和句子，直接选出和文中句子所述内容一致的选项（一般单词或句子是一样的，未进行变换） 一、细节信息题 题 型 解 读 题目类型 题型特征 题干示例 应试技巧 间接理解题 在原文中没有明显或直接的语言表述，需要考生在充分理解原文的基础上对相关词语或句子进行转换 （1）It can be seen from Paragraph 2 that . （2）The Paragraph 2 tells us that . （3）According to the Paragraph 2, we can realize that . （4）By “×××” (Paragraph 2), the author makes us believe that . （5）Which is the correct order of the following events? （6）Which of the following is true/ NOT true? （7）What do we know about “×××” from the story? 理解题干所问问题，找到文章中表达相关内容的段落和句子，选出和文中句子所述内容相符合或不符合的选项（一般为同义转述），或根据对应的文章内容对选项进行排序 一、细节信息题 题 型 解 读 考查的是考生根据文章所述内容进行推理和判断的能力。这类题目是阅读理解部分比较难且容易出错的题型，要求考生在读懂原文的基础上对具体细节进行判断推理。因此，考生需要对文章结构和所用的修辞进行深入理解，联系上下文，对问题进行合理有据的分析。 二、推理判断题 题 型 解 读 （1）What did the author/ man/ woman realize at the end? （2）What do you think is the writer of the passage? / What may the writer probably be? （3）How does the author/ man/ woman seem to feel about…? （4）The writer/ author/ passage implies/ suggests that . （5）It can be inferred from the passage that . （6）Which of the following can be concluded from this passage? （7）What does the author conclude…? （8）The passage is intended to . （9）What can we learn from…? 二、推理判断题 题 型 解 读 常见的干扰选项可以分为以下四类。 （1）简单重复原文，并非推理。 （2）形似推理，但内容与原文不符。 （3）根据常识判断为正确，根据原文判断则错误。 （4）主观臆断。 二、推理判断题 题 型 解 读 三、词/句义猜测题 考查的是考生联系上下文解释文中某个词、短语或句子（可能有下划线，也可能没有）的能力。此类词、短语或句子要么本身难以理解，要么在文中有特殊作用，要么蕴含了作者或文中某个人物的态度和观点等。因此，考生必须在读懂句子本身意思的基础上，结合上下文，从文章主旨或段落主题出发，判断其在文章中的意义，推断作者或其他人物的态度和观点。 题 型 解 读 这类题干的示例如下。 （1）The underlined sentence/ word in Paragraph 2 suggests that . （2）The sentence/ word in the second line can be interpreted as . （3）The sentence/ word “×××” most probably means . （4）What does “×××” mean? 三、词/句义猜测题 题 型 解 读 四、主旨大意题 考查的是考生对文章中心思想或作者意图的掌握。需要考生把握文章的中心思想，熟知各段落大意，明晰文章结构，清楚作者的写作目的，并能对文章标题进行恰当选择。 在做此类题目时，可以通过段首、段尾或文章的开头和结尾来寻找线索，以此把握文章的思路和逻辑，然后进行归纳总结。在判断主旨句时，要清楚句子是否能够完整地概括全文或全段，语言内容是否准确。 题 型 解 读 四、主旨大意题 题 型 解 读 文章类型 文章特征和结构 题干示例 应试技巧 记叙文 通过人物事件、情节故事或景色描写来表达中心思想。记叙文的六要素包括时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果 （1）In the passage, the author/ man/ woman talked a lot about . （2）Which would be the best title of the passage? （1）找主旨句。通读全文，理解文章大意，找出主旨句（主旨句通常出现在文章第一句或最后一句），充分理解主旨句的意思 （2）找主题句。阅读文章段落，理解段落大意，找出段落的主题句（主题句通常位于段首，有时会出现在段中或段尾，或无明确的独立句表达主题，需读者自己进行概括总结），充分理解主题句的意思 说明文 以说明为主要表达方式来讲解事物。说明文的结构较为鲜明，一般分为总分结构、分总结构与总分总结构 四、主旨大意题 题 型 解 读 文章类型 文章特征和结构 题干示例 应试技巧 议论文 对某件事进行分析或评论，具有自己的立场、观点或态度。议论文的三要素包括论点、论据和论证 （3）What would be the best title of this story? （4）The main idea of this passage is . （3）梳理文章脉络，明晰作者意图。找出主旨句和主题句后，文章的结构和脉络就会一目了然，考生可在心中或草稿纸上画出文章框架，进而明晰作者的写作目的 （4）排除干扰选项。常见的干扰正确选择的选项可以分为以下几类 ① 过于笼统：所述内容过于笼统，与原文范围不符 ② 以点代面：内容过于细节化，只是原文所述范围的一部分 四、主旨大意题 题 型 解 读 文章类型 文章特征和结构 题干示例 应试技巧 应用文 以传递信息为目的，措辞简洁明了，内容贴近日常生活，主要包括书信、通告、日程安排表、指南手册、产品说明书、个人简介、申请书、新闻报道、广告等 （5）The passage mainly tells us . （6）What is the passage mainly about? ③ 以偏概全：试图以文章某个（不完整的）事实或内容片面地概括全文 ④ 偷换概念：在提问某段信息时偷换概念，以其他段落内容进行描述 ⑤ 主观臆断：所述内容属于非文章事实内容的主观臆断 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 1 A House for Rent (租) We have a comfortable three-bedroom house to rent. The house was built four years ago, but it is still in very good condition now. The house includes: • one large living room • three bedrooms • a kitchen • a small garage • a large garden 真 题 回 顾 Do you want a quiet life? This house is for you! • You can enjoy beautiful views of the fields and woods. • Only one hour by train to the city center. • Animals and children are welcome! You need to pay only $400 per month. Three months’ rent must be paid in advance (提前). Are you interested in the house? Please telephone Harry Smith (0139-45520). The address of the house: 25 Daffodil Road, Little Haddington Village 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 1 1. To rent the house, you need to pay in advance. A. $400 B. $800 C. $1,200 D. $1,600 2. After reading the passage, we can know the information EXCEPT . A. the rent of the house B. the address of the house C. Harry Smith’s phone number D. Harry Smith’s email address 3. About the house, which of the following is true? A. The house has a small garage. B. The house has a small garden. C. The house has four bedrooms. D. You can’t keep a pet in the house. 真 题 回 顾 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“要租房子的话，你需要提前支付”。根据文章内容可知，每个月只需支付400美元，但需提前支付3个月的租金。因此，要租房子的话，你需要提前支付1 200美元。故C项为正确答案。 解析 C D A 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“阅读文章后，我们可以知道下列信息，除了”。文章分别提到了房子的租金、哈利•史密斯的电话号码和房子的地址，但未提及哈利•史密斯的邮箱地址。故D项为正确答案。 解析 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“关于房子，下列哪项是正确的”。根据文章内容可知，房子有一个小车库，所以A项说法正确；房子有一个大花园，所以B项说法错误；房子有3个卧室，所以C项说法错误；房子欢迎小动物和儿童，由此推知，你可以在房子里养宠物，所以D项说法错误。故A项为正确答案。 解析 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 2 Leta Andrew is a 76-year-old grandmother from Texas. After 52 years as a basketball coach of high school girls, she retired (退休) with 1,416 wins. How did she do that at her age? Here are some life lessons of her: Do what you love. Andrew used to be a teacher, but her dream was to play basketball. So she continued her life teaching girls to love the game as much as she did in 1962. Hardship will make you stronger. Some men coaches looked down upon her before, but she didn’t give up. Instead, she made up her mind to do better. This encouraged her players, too. 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 2 There’s no “I” in a team. Once, they went to a game by bus. On the way there, she took away her players’ cellphones. She wanted them to communicate better with each other. It’s good for them to work together on the basketball court. Winning is everything. She asks her players to practice a lot. And she also asks them to try their best, both as a player and a team. She hopes they can carry on the spirit in their lives later on. One player, Hayley Jordan, 17, said, “She always tells us that even if you’re smaller or slower than somebody else, if you work hard, you can beat them.” 4. How old is Leta Andrew? A. 17. B. 52. C. 76. D. 80. 5. Andrew took away her players’ cellphones to ask them to . A. help each other B. play games together C. have a good rest D. communicate with each other better 6. The last paragraph tells us that is very important. A. hard work B. interest C. confidence D. teamwork 真 题 回 顾 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“莉塔•安德鲁多大了”。根据第一段第一句可知，莉塔·安德鲁是一位来自德克萨斯州的76岁的老奶奶。故C项为正确答案。 解析 C D A 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“安德鲁收走球员们的手机是为了让她们”根据第四段第三、四句可知，在去比赛的路上，她收走了球员们的手机，希望她们能更好地交流。故D项为正确答案。 解析 本题为主旨大意题。题干问的是“最后一段告诉我们非常重要”。根据最后一段可知，17岁的球员海莉·乔丹说：“她总是告诉我们，即使你比别人弱小或速度慢，但只要你努力，你就能打败他们。”由此可知，本段的主旨是为了说明努力的重要性。故A项为正确答案。 解析 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 3 A class teacher, in my opinion, plays an important role in a child’s development. Every year when my daughter moves to a new class, I have a usual big worry—her new class teacher. This year, she is moving to Class Three and I can’t wait to see how things are going on. Last year my daughter did not like her teacher at all. It was so bad that she did not look forward to school. It was a year full of trouble and worries. This year, Miss Purity is gentle and humorous. It’s hard not to like her. Here are the changes in my daughter. 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 3 She becomes an early bird. Last year, mornings were like a fight because I had to force Tasha to hurry up when she was preparing for school. I had to pull her out of bed, told her to take breakfast and then drove her to school. But now, our mornings are like a party. She wakes up early, prepares everything at a high speed and then rushes to school to be with Miss Purity. She’s happy. She enjoys school and school work, and keeps talking about what they did at school when she comes home. She’s responsible. She used to be careless and forgetful. But now she never forgets even her water bottle at school. She makes her bed and helps in the kitchen. 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例1·2022年真题】Passage 3 Her diary is full of praises. The diary is the tool of communication between the teacher and the parents. Last year, her diary was always full of negative (负面) reports. One time, she poured water in a child’s lunchbox, and another time she threw another kid’s textbook in the toilet. Now she begins to share her snacks with those who do not have anything. She’s always volunteering to clean the blackboard, the teacher’s chair and desk. She does well in school. Finishing her classwork was such a big problem. She had to do it at home. But now, she finishes both the classwork and homework at school. 真 题 回 顾 7. What is the big worry of Tasha’s parents every year? A. Who will be Tasha’s class teacher. B. Which class Tasha will be in. C. How Tasha goes to school in the morning. D. What Miss Purity looks like. 8. What did Tasha do when she didn’t like her class teacher? A. She had a fight with her mother in the morning. B. She didn’t want to go to school. C. She missed a lot of classes. D. She refused to do classwork and homework. A B 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“塔莎的父母每年最担心的是什么”。根据第一段第二句可知，每年当塔莎转到新班级时，她的妈妈通常都会有一个很大的担忧——塔莎的新班级老师。故A项为正确答案。 解析 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“当塔莎不喜欢她的班级老师时，她会怎么做”。根据第二段第一、二句可知，去年，塔莎一点儿也不喜欢她的班级老师，所以她不期待上学。故B项为正确答案。 解析 真 题 回 顾 9. What does the underlined phrase “early bird” mean in the passage? A. A lovely little bird. B. A beautiful bird. C. Someone who lives alone. D. Someone who gets up early. 10. Which of the following is NOT true about Tasha’s past? A. She had difficulty in finishing her classwork. B. She often forgot things at school. C. She didn’t get on well with her classmates. D. She was careless and silent. D D 本题为词/句义猜测题。题干问的是“文中画线的短语‘early bird’是什么意思”。根据第四段可知，去年塔莎不喜欢上学，所以早晨不愿起床，而今年她早上醒得很早，迫不及待地去学校。由此可以猜测，early bird的意思是“早起的人”。故D项为正确答案。 解析 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“关于塔莎的过去，下列哪项是不正确的”。根据最后一段第二句可知，对于过去的塔莎来说，完成班级作业是一个大问题，所以A项说法正确；根据第六段第二句可知，过去的塔莎粗心又健忘，所以B项说法正确；根据倒数第二段第四句可知，有一次，塔莎把水倒在一个孩子的午餐盒里，还有一次，她把另一个孩子的课本扔进了厕所，由此推知，过去的塔莎与同班同学相处得不好，所以C项说法正确；文章只提到过去的塔莎很粗心，并未提及她沉默寡言，所以D项说法错误。故D项为正确答案。 解析 真 题 回 顾 【真题示例2·2021年真题】Passage 1 The Yum Restaurant Starters Drinks All starters are served with bread and butter Tomato soup $2.00 Hot tea $1.29 Chicken salad $3.00 Milk shake $3.19 Tomato salad $2.90 Cream coffee $2.25 Main courses (主食) Desserts (甜点) Lunch time only Hot dog $3.85 Chocolate cake $2.25 Hamburgers $6.90 Cheese and biscuits $2.50 Sandwiches $5.90 Fruit salad and cream $2.25 French fries $3.75 Ice cream $2.95 (choose from chocolate, coffee, banana) Lunch served 12:30-2:30 p.m. / Dinner served 6:30-9:30 p.m. 1. The Yum Restaurant stays open for in total. A. 2 hours B. 3 hours C. 5 hours D. 6 hours 2. From the menu above, we know that . A. bread and butter goes with starters B. there are 4 kinds of different ice cream C. the desserts are served for both lunch and dinner D. ice cream is for free charge 3. From the menu above, we know that is the most expensive food. A. chicken salad B. ice cream C. cream coffee D. hamburger 真 题 回 顾 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“百胜餐厅的营业时间总共为”。根据菜单可知，百胜餐厅的午餐营业时间为中（下）午12:30—2:30，共2个小时；晚餐营业时间为晚上6:30—9:30，共3个小时。因此，百胜餐厅的营业时间总共为5个小时。故C项为正确答案。 解析 C A D 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“从上面的菜单中我们知道”。根据菜单可知，所有开胃菜都会配上面包和黄油，所以A项说法正确；冰淇淋只有3种口味，分别为巧克力味、咖啡味和香蕉味，所以B项说法错误；甜点只在午餐时间提供，所以C项说法错误；冰淇淋售价2.95美元，不免费，所以D项说法错误。故A项为正确答案。 解析 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“从上面的菜单中我们知道是最贵的食物”。对比菜单中的价格可知，汉堡是最贵的食物，售价6.90美元。故D项为正确答案。 解析 真 题 回 顾 The Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in other parts of the world. The traditional holiday is the most important to Chinese both home and abroad. The United Kingdom Celebrations for the Spring Festival in the U.K. started in 1980, with the first evening party held in 2002. Every New Year, people get together and have a lot of activities. They sing songs, dance to music, share photos with friends or enjoy films in a cinema. The United States 【真题示例2·2021年真题】Passage 2 真 题 回 顾 The Spring Festival has become a key time for Chinese living or working in the U.S. They join in a large evening party to welcome the traditional New Year. It is a good chance for people to build a circle of friends and feel that they are not alone because they share the same culture and values. Australia The Chinese New Year will be welcomed with 3 weeks of celebrations across Australia. Many people come to Sydney’s Chinatown or Little Bourke in Melbourne (墨尔本). They enjoy fireworks, lion dances, dragon boat races and many other traditional activities. The celebrations are also a bridge towards better understanding between Chinese and non-Chinese. 【真题示例2·2021年真题】Passage 2 真 题 回 顾 Singapore The family dinner on New Year’s Eve is an important tradition for Chinese whether they were born in Singapore or moved there from China. They place traditional food on a table as an act of remembering their past. Then the whole family enjoy their dinner together. They usually hold it at home because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition. 【真题示例2·2021年真题】Passage 2 4. Celebrations for the Spring Festival in the U.K. started in . A. 1890 B. 1980 C. 2000 D. 2002 5. At the Spring Festival, Chinese in America join in a large evening party to . A. say hello to the new year B. refuse a good chance C. tell others that they are alone D. share different cultures 6. In Singapore, Chinese families don’t hold the New Year dinner in a restaurant but at home because . A. they were born in Singapore B. the restaurant is far away C. they moved there from other places D. they want to keep Chinese tradition 真 题 回 顾 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“在英国，对春节的庆祝活动始于”。根据第二段第一句可知，在英国，对春节的庆祝活动始于1980年。故B项为正确答案。 解析 B A D 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“春节时，在美国的中国人会参加一个大型的晚会，目的是”。根据第三段第二句可知，在美国的中国人会参加一个大型的晚会来迎接传统的新年。故A项为正确答案。 解析 本题为推理判断题。题干问的是“在新加坡，中国家庭不在餐馆吃年夜饭而在家里吃年夜饭，这是因为”。根据最后一段最后一句可知，在新加坡的中国家庭通常在家里吃年夜饭，因为去餐馆吃会失去传统的意义。由此推知，他们在家里吃年夜饭是因为他们想要保持中国的传统。故D项为正确答案。 解析 真 题 回 顾 Many kids do housework such as doing the dishes, making the bed, and folding the clothes. In exchange, they get some money or other computer time. Paying kids for the housework is one of the most popular topics, especially at a time when everyone is more careful about money. Some parents think since adults are paid to do their jobs, we should pay kids for everyday housework. But some people don’t think kids should get rewards (报酬) for doing housework. Susie Walton, an expert, believes that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return. “Running any kind of housework is a team effort,” 【真题示例2·2021年真题】Passage 3 真 题 回 顾 Walton said. “A home is a living space for everyone in the family. It’s important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house, and families decide how they want their home to look, and how they are going to keep it looking like what they want.” Other people believe that getting a reward encourages kids to do housework, and it also teaches them world lessons about how we need to work to get money. There are also Apps (程序) that give kids points and digital (数字的) gifts that can be redeemed (兑现) either online or in the real world. “Our aim is to give kids lawful power so they can get rewards,” says Chris Bergman. “And kids need rewards to help encourage them.” 【真题示例2·2021年真题】Passage 3 7. Which of the following housework is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. Washing the dishes. B. Cooking the meals. C. Folding the clothes. D. Making the bed. 8. The underlined phrase “in return” in paragraph 3 has the same meaning as “ ”. A. as a reward B. for punishment C. on sale D. as a gift 真 题 回 顾 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“下列哪项家务在第一段中没有提到”。根据第一段第一句可知，许多孩子做家务，如洗碗、铺床、叠衣服等，没有提到做饭。故B项为正确答案。 解析 B A 本题为词/句义猜测题。题干问的是“第三段中的画线短语‘in return’与‘’的意思相同”。根据第三段第一、二句可知，有些人认为孩子们不应该因为做家务而得到奖励。专家苏西·沃尔顿认为，通过奖励孩子，父母会传递出一种信息，即除非有所回报，否则工作就不值得做。由此可以猜测，in return的意思为“有所回报，作为奖励”。故A项为正确答案。 解析 9. According to Chris Bergman, kids should be encouraged to . A. do housework without rewards B. do more housework C. stay away from housework D. do housework by getting rewards 10. Which is the best title for the text? A. Kids Should Study as Well as Doing Housework B. Let Children Do Some Housework C. Should Kids Be Rewarded for Doing Housework? D. Doing Housework Is Good for Children’s Study 真 题 回 顾 本题为细节信息题。题干问的是“根据克里斯·伯格曼的说法，应该鼓励孩子们”。根据最后一段最后两句可知，克里斯·伯格曼说：“我们的目标是给孩子们合法的权力，这样他们就能得到奖励。孩子们需要奖励来鼓励他们。”由此可知，克里斯·伯格曼认为，应该鼓励孩子们做家务并给予他们奖励。故D项为正确答案。 解析 D C 本题为主旨大意题。题干问的是“这篇文章的最佳标题是哪项”。阅读全文可知，这篇文章主要讨论的是孩子们做家务应不应该得到奖励。一些人认为，孩子们不应该因为做家务而得到奖励，因为他们会认为除非有所回报，否则工作就不值得做；还有一些人认为，孩子们应该因为做家务而得到奖励，因为这样才能鼓励他们。故C项为正确答案。 解析 $$