2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件

2024-09-11
| 40页
| 242人阅读
| 8人下载
普通

内容正文:

连词 知识点一 连词的定义 连词(conjunction)是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。 知识点二 连词的分类 连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如 and, but, or, for 等; 从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词有 that, whether 等,引出状语从句的连词有 when, because, since, if 等。 知识点三 并列连词 (一)表示并列关系的并列连词 表示并列关系的连词主要含有“和”“补充”“增加”等意思。用来表达并列关系的连词主要有 and“和”;both...and...“二者都”;as well as “也、连同”;not only...but (also)...“不但……而且……”。 1. and 的用法 (1)连接两个并列的词、短语或句子。 如:He likes playing basketball and football. 他喜欢打篮球和踢足球。 【注意】 在否定句中不用 and,而要用 or。 如:He can't play basketball or football. 他不会打篮球和踢足球。 (2)连接两个相同的动词或副词,表示动作的反复或连续。 如:He laughed and laughed. 他笑个不停。 Only little children like to listen to the same story again and again. 只有小孩子喜欢把同样一个故事听上一遍又一遍。 (3)用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“那么”,暗示一种条件。 如:Work hard, and you'll pass the exam. =If you work hard, you'll pass the exam. 努力学习,你就会通过考试的。 2. both...and...的用法 用于连接两个性质相同的词或短语。 如:She can both speak and write Japanese. 她不仅会说日语,而且还会写。 另外,both...and...若连接两个成分作主语,谓语动词总是用复数。 如:Both she and I are good at English. 她和我都擅长英语。 3. as well as 的用法 (1)表示“不但……而且……”“既是……也是……”“而且”“还”。 如:It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和我都很重要。 (2) A as well as B 这一结构强调的重点是 A 不是 B,即 A as well as B=not only B but also A。 如:She is clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮,而且聪明。 (3)当 as well as 连接两个成分作主语时,其后谓语的单复数形式通常要与前面一个主语保持一致。 如:Tom as well as his parents is going to London. 汤姆和他的父母要去伦敦。 4. not only...but (also)...的用法 (1)连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者。 如:He works not only on weekdays but also on Sundays. 他不仅工作日上班,星期天也上班。 (2) not only...but also...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,遵循就近原则,即谓语动词在人称和数上与较靠近的那个主语保持一致。 如:Not only the couple but also their five-year-old son is fond of swimming. 不仅这对夫妇喜欢游泳,他们五岁大的儿子也喜欢。 (二)表示转折关系的并列连词 1. but 的用法 (1)连接词、短语或句子,表示“但是”。 如:We had a tired but happy holiday. 我们度过了一个累但开心的假期。 He looks honest, but actually he is a thief. 他看起来诚实,但实际上是个小偷。 (2)用于道歉之后的表达。 如:I'd love to come, but I have to help my mum do housework. 我很想来,但我得帮我妈妈做家务。 (3) not...but...表示“不是……而是……”。 如:Not you but I am to blame. 不是你的错而是我的错。 【注意】 though/although 和 but 不能同时用于一句话中。 误:Though we are poor, but we are happy. (去掉 though 或 but 中任一个) 2. yet 的用法 (1)和 but 一样用于表示转折,意为“但是,而”。 如:It is strange, yet it is true. 这很奇怪,但是是事实。 (2)根据英语习惯,though/although 不能与连词 but 搭配使用,但是可以与 yet 搭配连用,此时的 yet 可视为副词。 如:Though/Although we are poor, yet we are happy. 尽管我们穷,但我们很快活。 (三)表示选择关系的并列连词 1. or 的用法 (1) A or B 表示“A 或 B”。 如:Would you like tea or coffee? 你想要茶还是咖啡? (2)用在祈使句后,意为“否则”。 如:Hurry up, or you'll be late for school! 快点,否则你上学要迟到了! 2. either...or...“或者……或者……”;neither...nor...“既不……也不……” 如:You can either go at once or wait till tomorrow. 你要么马上走,要么等到明天。 I have neither time nor money. 我既没时间又没钱。 【注意】 either...or...和 neither...nor...连接的两个名词或代词作主语时,遵循就近原则,即谓语动词在人称和数上与较靠近的那个主语保持一致。 如:Either you or I am wrong. 要么是你错了,要么是我错了。 Neither Tom nor his parents have been to Canada. 汤姆没去过加拿大,他的父母也没去过。 (四)表示因果关系的并列连词 1. so 意为“所以,因此”,表示结果 如:He hit me, so I struck him back. 他打了我,所以我才还手打他。 2. for 意为“因为,由于”,补充说明理由 如:I can't tell whether she is young or old, for I have never seen her. 我不知道她是年轻还是年老,因为我从没见过她。 【注意】 for 表示原因通常不能放在句首。 (五)表示对比关系的并列连词主要有 while, whereas 等 如:I like swimming while my sister likes jogging. 我喜欢游泳,而我姐姐喜欢慢跑。 Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not. 有一些研究结果令人满意,而其他的则不然。 知识点四 从属连词 (一)引导时间状语的从属连词 1. 表示“当……时候”或“每当”,主要有 when, while, as (1) when 引导的时间状语从句,既可以表示主句和从句动作同时进行,也可以表示主句和从句动作先后发生。 如:The band had begun to play when we got to the concert hall. 我们到音乐厅的时候,乐队已经开始演奏了。 When I was watching TV, a storm came. 我在看电视的时候,暴风雨来了。 (2) while 引导的从句中,谓语只能使用延续性动词,强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。 如:Don't talk while you are eating. 吃饭时不要说话。 (3) as 的用法 ① as 引导时间状语从句时,表示主句和从句的动作同时发生。 如:He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。 ② as 表示“一边……一边……”时,侧重主从句动作同时发生。 如:She looked around as she walked. 她一边走路一边到处看。 ③ as 还可以用于两个动作都发展变化的情况。 如:As she grew older, she gained in confidence. 随着年龄的增长,她的信心增强了。 2. 表示“在……之前(或之后)”的时间连词,主要有 before, after 如:Do it before you forget. 在你忘记前动手。 We will call you after we have discussed. 我们讨论之后会给你打电话。 3. 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词,主要有since, until, till 如:It's twenty years since I last met her. 自我上一次见到她已经二十年了。 Can't you wait till we get home?难道你就不能等我们回到家吗? Let's wait until the rain stops. 咱们等雨停了吧。 (一般认为till不如until正式,在书面语中不常用,句首常用until) 【注意】 until 的用法: 当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都用肯定式,意为“直到……为止”;当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句用否定式,从句用肯定式,即 not...until,意为“直到……才”。 如:Mr. Green waited until his children came back.格林先生一直等到他的孩子们回来。 Mr. Green didn't go to bed until his children came back. 格林先生直到他的孩子们回来才去睡觉。 (二)引导地点状语的从属连词主要有 where, wherever, everywhere等 如:Sit where I can see you. 坐在我能看见你的地方。 Sit wherever you like. 你爱坐在哪儿就坐在哪儿。 (三)引导原因状语的从属连词主要有 because, as, since 等。 1. because 的用法 (1)表示原因,语气较强,可用来回答 why 提出的问题。 如:—Why are you crying? 你为什么哭? —Because I fell off my bike. 因为我从自行车上摔下来了。 (2)构成复合介词 because of,其后可接名词、代词、动名词、what 从句。 如:The dog was panting because of the hot weather. 因为天热,这只狗不停地喘气。 【注意】 汉语说“因为……所以……”,但英语却不能用 because...so...这样的结构,只能择其一。 如:因为我病了半年,所以把工作丢了。 误:Because I was ill for six months, so I lost my job. 正:Because I was ill for six months, I lost my job. 正:I was ill for six months, so I lost my job. 2. as 和 since 的用法 两者所表示的原因都是人们已知的,即对已知事实提供理由,而不是表示直接原因。since 比 as 语气稍强,且比 as 略为正式,它们通常放在句首。 如:As you were out, I left a message. 因为你不在,所以我留了一张字条。 Since we are in the area, we should stop by and see them. 既然到了这个地方,我们就该顺便去看看他们。 (四)引导结果状语的从属连词主要有 so (that), so...that..., such...that...等 1. so (that)引导结果状语从句 如:He was late and so he ran to the station. 他迟到了,所以跑着去车站。 I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找了个好座位。 2. so...that...结构中的 so 是副词,用于形容词或副词之前;而such...that...结构中的 such 是形容词,用于名词之前(名词前有或没有形容词均可) 如:This movie was so wonderful that I went to see it again. =This was such a wonderful movie that I went to see it again. 这部电影太精彩了,我又去看了一遍。 3. so...that...结构还可以和 too...to...结构进行同义句转换 如:My brother is so young that he can't go to school. =My brother is too young to go to school. 我弟弟年龄太小了,还不能上学。 (五)引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, in case 等 1. if 意为“如果” 如:If anyone calls, tell them I'm not at home. 要是有人打电话来,就说我不在家。 2. unless 意为“除非……(否则……)” 如:I sleep with the window open unless it's really cold. 除非天气非常冷,否则我都开着窗睡觉。 unless 和 if not 均可表示“如果不”,有时可互换。 3. as/so long as 意为“只要” 如:You can go as long as your work is done. 只要你做完工作就可以走了。 4. in case 意为“如果,万一” 如:In case they're late, we can always sit in the bar. 要是他们来晚了,我们总可以在酒吧里坐一坐。 【注意】 在条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,则从句用一般现在时来代替一般将来时。我们把这种用法称之为“主将从现”。 如:If you work hard, you will be successful one day. 如果你努力工作,总有一天会成功的。 You will fail the exam unless you work hard. 除非你努力学习,否则考试会不及格的。 (六)引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有 although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等 1. although, though 的用法( though 多用于口语, although 更正式) (1)意为“虽然,尽管”。 如:Anne was fond of Tim, though he often annoyed her. 安妮喜欢蒂姆,虽然他经常使她心烦。 (2)在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中,不能用 although 代替 though。 如:She treats me as though I were a stranger. 她待我仿佛我是一个陌生人。 (3)汉语有“虽然……但是……”的表达习惯,但在英语中although/though 和 but 不能连用。 如:厨房虽小,但设计巧妙。 误:Although small, but the kitchen is well designed. 正:Although small, the kitchen is well designed. 2. even if, even though 意为“尽管,即使” 如:Even if many difficulties remain, we can overcome them. 即使有再多的困难,我们也能克服。 I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人,但我还是喜欢她。 3. while 意为“虽然,尽管” 如:While I am willing to help, I do not have much time available. 尽管我愿意帮忙,但是我没有多少时间。 4. however 意为“无论怎样”,whatever 意为“无论什么”,whoever 意为“无论是谁”,whenever 意为“无论何时”,wherever 意为“无论何地” 如:She has the window open, however cold it is outside. 无论外面多冷,她都开着窗。 You have our support, whatever you decide. 无论你的决定是什么,我们都支持你。 (七)引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear 等 1. so that, in order that 意为“为了,以便” 如:He piped so that we could dance. 他吹笛子好让我们跳舞。 They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony. 他们坐飞机过去以便能及时参加开幕式。 2. in case 意为“以免,以备,以防” 如:He takes a flashlight in case it gets dark before he returns. 他带了一把手电筒,以防他还没回去就天黑了。 (八)引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有 as, as if, as though, (in) the way (that)等 如:They did as I asked. 他们是按照我的要求做的。 I feel as if I had been born again. 我感觉像是重生了。 It looked as though there would be an exciting race. 看来像是要有一场激动人心的比赛。 Please spell the word the way I do. 请照我这样拼写这个单词。 (九)引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有 than, as...as..., not as/so...as... 如:He loves me more than you do. 他比你更爱我。 He loves me as much as you do. 他和你一样爱我。 He doesn't love me as/so much as you do. 他不如你那么爱我。 (十)引导名词从句的从属连词主要有 that, whether, if 等,它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中 that 不充当句子成分,也没有词义,在句中只起连接作用;而 if, whether虽不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示“是否” 如:He told me (that) Tom would come. 他告诉我汤姆会来的。 Ask him if/whether he can come. 问问他能不能来。 $$

资源预览图

2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件
1
2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件
2
2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件
3
2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件
4
2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件
5
2024年中考英语语法复习专题课件之连词 课件
6
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。