Unit 4 Section III Reading for Writing and other Parts（导学案 )- 【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修一 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（学案） Section III Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress &. Video Time 2022年课程标准 学习目标 单元主题语境是人与自然，归属于“灾害防范”主题群，内容涉及“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”、“亚洲的海啸”、“自然灾害的基本知识”等。旨在帮助学生了解自然灾害, 树立防灾意识，体会人与自然的关系，学会保护环境，保护自我。 1. 语言能力： (1) 能够流利且正确读出与自然灾害相关的词汇，知道对应的中文意思，并能够运用本单元所列重点词汇表达与主题相关的信息或观点； (2)了解常见定语从句类型，学会区分并初步使用限制性定语从句中连接词that,which, who, whom, whose; (3) 了解新闻报道的语篇结构，标题特征和语言特点； (4) 能初步运用所学知识，写出一篇文章的概要。 2. 文化意识：了解并认识到，在自然灾害面前中国作为世界大国的担当与作为。自然灾害无国界，需要全世界人民共同应对。 3.思维品质：能够梳理出地震发生的前后信息，整合文章内容，概括语篇大意；批判性地评价面对自然灾害的做法； 4.学习能力：能够通过网络，杂志等途径，了解其他的自然灾害及应对方法。 一、翻译：英汉互译 1． vt. & vi. 碰撞; 撞击n. 撞车; 碰撞 2． vt. & vi.(过去式 , 过去分词 )打扫; 短语： 消灭; 彻底消除 3． n. 海浪; 波浪vt. & vi.挥手; 招手 短语： 向某人挥手 4． vt. & vi.递送; 传达vt. 发表 5． n. 总结; 概括; 概要搭配 总之; 总的来说 6． n. 长; 长度 7．at least 8．stand at 9．carry out 10．out of gratitude 【答案】 1．crash 2.sweep swept swept sweep away 3.wave wave to/at sb 4. deliver 5. summary in summary 6. length 7．至少 8．达到特定水平(或数量、高度等) 9．实施 10．出于感激 【解析】1．考查动词和名词。表示“碰撞; 撞车”用crash，其也为名词。故填crash。 2．考查动词。表示“打扫; 清扫”用sweep，其过去式为swept；过去分词为swept；表示“消灭; 彻底消除”用sweep away。故答案为sweep；swept；swept；sweep away。 3．考查动词和名词。表示“海浪; 波浪”用名词wave，其也为动词，意为“挥手; 招手”。表示“向某人挥手”用固定短语wave to/at sb。故填wave；wave to/at sb。 4．考查动词和名词。表示“递送; 传达；发表”用deliver；表示“递送; 交付”用名词delivery。故答案为deliver；delivery。 5．考查动词。表示“总结; 概括; 概要”用名词summary；表示“总之; 总的来说”用固定短语，其动词为summarize，意为“总结; 概括; 概述”。故填summary；in summary；summarise。 6．考查名词和形容词。表示“长; 长度”用length，形容词为long，意为“长的”。故填length；long。 7．考查固定短语。at least表示“至少”。故翻译为：至少。 8．考查固定短语。stand at表示“达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)”。故翻译为：达到特定水平(或数量、高度等)。 9．考查固定短语。carry out表示“实施”。故翻译为：实施。 10．考查固定短语。out of gratitude表示“出于感激”。故翻译为：出于感激。 二、词性转换 1．death n. 死;死亡→ adj.死的→ adj.致命的→ v. 死亡 2．affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→ n. 效果;影响→ adj.有效的→ n. 喜欢;喜爱;感情 3．survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→ n. 幸存;生还→ n. 幸存者;生还者 4．deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→ n. 投递;送交 5．length n. 长;长度→ adj.长的→ v. (使)变长 【答案】 1．dead deadly die 2．effect effective affection 3. survival survivor 4．delivery 5．long lengthen 【解析】1．dead deadly die； death“死亡”，名词，其形容词为dead“死的”和deadly“致命的”，动词为die“死亡”。故填①dead②deadly③die。 2．effect effective affection；affect“影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动”，动词，其名词为effect“影响”，形容词为effective“有效的”，名词affection“喜欢；喜爱；感情”。故填①effect②effective③affection。 3. survival survivor； survive“生存；存活”，不及物动词。“幸存；艰难度过”，及物动词。其名词survival“幸存；生还”，名词survivor“幸存者；生还者”。故填①survival②survivor。 4．delivery；deliver“递送；传达；发表”，动词，其同根名词为delivery“投递；送交”。故填delivery。 5．length“长；长度”，名词。其形容词为long“长的”，动词为lengthen“使变长”。故填①long②lengthen。 ( 1 语篇研读 ) 1. Pre-reading Look at the picture and title, infer the type of the text and predict what the text is mainly about. ①What is the type of text type? A. Narration(记叙文） B. Exposition(说明文） C. A news report 答案：C ②Which natural disaster? ③Where did it happen? 2. While Reading (1) Summarize the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1:___________________________________________ Para.2: Para.3: Para.1:A tsunami killed over 6500 people in southeastern Asia. Para. 2: The impacts of the tsunami. Para. 3: The difficulties of rescue work. （2） Read the text and answer the following questions 1. When did the tsunami happen? 2. What caused the tsunami? 3.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies? Possible Answers 1.It happened on Sunday, 26,December 2004. (Contextual clue:The most powerful earthquake in the past 40years caused a tsunami that crashed into coast lines across Asia yesterday, ... 2. Earthquake. (Contextual clue: Fishermen, ...by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.) 3. Because the conditions were dangerous and roads were damaged. (Contextual clue:However,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.) (Justification: Through discussion, it can familiarize students with analysis skills and exercise students’ writing skills. Also, students will be prepared for the writing class.) ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击；坠毁　n．撞车；碰撞 crash (...) into...(把……)与……相撞；撞上…… crash down倒下；撞毁；坠毁；崩溃 car crash撞车 plane crash飞机失事 A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. 货车失控撞到了一辆公共汽车的尾部。 She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. 她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。 Six people were killed yesterday in the car crash. 昨天的车祸中6人死亡。 完成句子 ①His car ______　_________ a tree while he was driving in the snowstorm. 当他在暴风雪中开车时，他的车撞到了树上。 ②An aircraft _______________ yesterday on the mountains near the city. 昨天一架飞机在城市附近的山上坠毁了。 答案: ①crashed into ②crashed down 2．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫 sweep away消灭；彻底消除 sweep over涌上心头；扫视 sweep up清扫 They asked the little boy to sweep the room clean. 他们叫那个小男孩把房间打扫干净。 Heavy floods swept away houses and took away the lives of many. 猛烈的洪水冲走了房屋并带走了许多人的生命。 The poor women of the area were employed to sweep up after office hours. 该地区的贫苦妇女们被雇来每天下班后打扫卫生。 单句语法填空 ①We would like to be able to sweep _______ those harmful rumors (谣言)． ②Let’s pile up the fallen leaves in the corner and sweep ______ the floor. ③His eyes swept ________ the fields and saw a dam in the distance. 答案: ①away ②up ③ over 3．wave n．海浪；波浪　vi.& vt.挥手；招手 radio waves无线电波 give sb.a wave向某人挥手 a wave of...一阵…… wave to/at...向……招手 wave (to) sb.to do sth.挥手示意某人做某事 wave sb.goodbye＝wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别 The third wave was so strong that it knocked me backwards. 第三次波浪太大了，把我打了回去。 The mother waved to her son till the bus was out of sight. 那位妈妈一直向她儿子挥手，直到看不到公共汽车为止。 They waved to us to stay where we were. 他们向我们挥手，要我们留在原地。 My mother was crying as I waved goodbye to her. 当我挥手跟母亲说再见时，她哭了。 单句语法填空 ①They looked very happy when she waved ________ them. ②___ __ wave of happiness flooded me. ③I waved to him _________(keep) away, but he continued to advance. ④I waved goodbye ______ him, but he ignored. 答案: ①to/at ②A ③to_keep④to 4．strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck /stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；罢工　 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 It strikes/struck sb.that...(某人)突然想到…… be struck by...被……打动/迷住了 strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心 strike sb.＋介词in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人的某处 be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 striker n．罢工者；前锋；射手 The workers were striking / on strike because they wanted more money. 工人们在罢工，因为他们要求涨工资。 When the clock struck five，the strike started.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。 It strikes me that none of them trusts each other.使我震惊的是他们当中没有一个人信赖对方。 Great damage has been caused by the tornado which struck the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。 单句语法填空 ①The coal miners decided to go __ ____ strike for better working conditions. ②It struck me ________ everyone was unusually silent. ③I was stricken ______ his inspiring words. ④An apple fell off the tree and struck him on _______ head. ⑤Suddenly, a good idea __________(strike) me last night. 完成句子 ⑥______________　_________ you had known all the time. 我突然想到你早就知道了。 答案: ①on ② that③by ④the ⑤struck⑥It suddenly struck me that 5．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达；助产；接生 vt.发表；生产；给……接生 deliver sth.(to sb.)投递/传送某物(给某人) deliver a speech发表演说 deliver a baby接生 deliver sb./sth.over to sb.把某人/物移交给某人 delivery n．传递； 交付；递送；分娩；演讲 Would you deliver my message to your mother? 你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？ He delivered an important report at the meeting. 他在会上做了重要报告。 【名师点津】 拒绝双宾语的deliver deliver后不接双宾语，即不能说deliver sb.sth.，只能说deliver sth.to sb.。 单句语法填空 ①He delivered my message ______ his brother. 写出黑体部分的含义 ②She had gone to a neighbouring village to deliver a baby.________ ③John was asked to deliver a speech at the meeting.________ ④The morning mail has already been delivered._______ 答案: ① to② 接生③ 发表④递送_ 6.effect n．影响；结果；效果 have an/no effect on...对……有/没有影响 put...into effect使……生效 come into effect开始生效 take effect生效 in effect实际上 side effect副作用 effective adj.有效的 The rain has had a very bad effect on the crops. 这场雨极其严重地影响了庄稼的生长。 The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用。 The traffic laws won’t take effect until the end of the year. 交通法要到年底才生效。 Do you know if the sleeping pill has its side effect? 你知道安眠药是否有副作用吗？ 单句语法填空 ①The new law will come ________ effect next month. ②What you say or do will have an effect ______ others. ③That sounds rather easy, but ______ effect it’s very difficult. ④The clothes are ____effective_________(effect) in keeping cool in warm weather. 完成句子 ⑤The new law has ____________ and it will surely ______________ the daily life of the people. 新法律已经生效，它一定会对人们的日常生活产生很大的影响。 答案: ①into ②on ③in ④ come into effect/been put into effect_⑤have a great effect on 考点1.句型：1．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. 昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6 500多人死亡。 (1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami；that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词a tsunami，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语；killing more than...four other countries是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。 (2)现在分词短语作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果，它常常位于句末，可以扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money)． 他的爸爸去世了，留给他很多钱。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay(＝and thus it caused the delay)． 他们的车困在了交通阻塞中，因而耽误了。 现在分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语应保持一致。 听到这个消息，他脸红了。 (正)Hearing the news，he turned red. (误)Hearing the news，his face turned red.(his face不能发出hearing这个动作) 不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，且其前可加only表示强调。 We hurried to the station，only to find that the train had left. 我们匆匆忙忙地赶去车站，结果发现火车已经走了。 单句语法填空 ①He lifted the rock only _________(drop) it on his own feet. ②He cut off the electricity in time, ______________(prevent) an accident. ③He did his homework carelessly, __________(make) a lot of mistakes. ④They reached the company out of breath only ___________(tell) they were fired. ⑤European football is played in more than 80 countries，___making_______ (make) it the most popular sport. 答案: ①to_drop ②preventing ③ making④to be told_ ⑤making 考点2.句型：Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。 (1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves；caused by the strong earthquake是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词huge waves，相当于定语从句that/which were caused by the strong earthquake；that reached a magnitude of 9.0是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。 单句语法填空 ①You cannot accept an opinion ___________(offer) to you unless it is based on facts. ②The boy __________(call) Tom is my brother. ③The book，___________(write) in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners. 答案: ①offered ② called③written 考点2.句型：be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)…… (教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。 【拓展】 be about to do...when...　　　　　　正要做……这时(突然)…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时(突然)…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)…… 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to play the piano. 2.I was about to give up ________ my best friend encouraged me to go on. [完成句子] 3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。 John ________ in his room ______ he heard a scream. 4.我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 I ____________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on. 5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。 She _____________________________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano. [写美句]——应用文佳句 6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 Last Monday, I____________________________ I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 7.2001年的一天，贾晓玲和她的母亲在骑自行车时被一辆车撞倒。 One day in 2001,Jia Xiaoling and her mom ______________________________________. 答案:1.when　2.when　3. was studying when 4.was on the point of giving up when 5.had just finished her homework when 6.was walking in the street when 7.were riding a bike together when they were hit by a c ( 34 写作指导 ) 本单元的写作项目属于说明文体类别中的新闻报道， 新闻报道要求客观公正，不必追求过分花哨的词汇。新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。标题是新闻报道的题目。导语是消息开头的第一段，它扼要点明报道的核心内容，即告诉读者“5W”－时间(when), 地点(where),人物(who), 起因(why), 事件(what)。主体是报道的主要部分，它是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结或评价。新闻报道行文时主要采用第三人称展开写作，时态以一般过去时为主，概括性的总结或评价部分用一般现在时。 二、高考新闻报道----活动类行文结构 1. 第一段：活动的目的与时间 2. 第二段：活动的具体内容或过程 3. 第三段：活动的感受、评价、感想 三、素材积累 1. 必备短语： · 报道灾难性新闻: hit/strike 袭击 be badly injured 严重受伤 cause/do damage to 对…造成损害 be trapped in…被困在… lie in ruins 变成废墟 rescue workers 营救人员 foreign aid 国外援助 · 活动类报道： launch a campaign发起一项活动； hold/organize an activity 组织一次活动； think highly of 高度评价; take part in/participate in/get involved in参加…； promote 促进；be aimed at 旨在…； with the purpose of… 为了…； with our joint efforts 共同努力； build up one’s body/confidence 增强体质/信心; improve our friendship 促进友谊; strengthen one’s will 增强意志 ; enrich students’ campus life 丰富校园生活; promote one’s awareness of提高…的意识 provide an opportunity to do提供…的机会; relieve great pressure from… 缓解…压力 2. 必备句型： 开头活动目的： 常用句式： 1). With the purpose/aim/intention of doing sth., the sports meeting was held …. 2). The sports meeting was held…, the purpose of which is to do … 3). Aimed at doing sth., the sports meeting was held …. 例句欣赏： 1). To arm students with knowledge of earthquake, a lecture about earthquake was delivered at our school hall at 8 a.m. last Friday. 为了使学生了解地震知识，上周五上午8点在我校礼堂举行了一次关于地震的讲座。 2). Aiming to enrich/encourage/enhance..., our school held/organized a running race on the school playground from 9 am to 12 am on October 3. 旨在丰富/鼓励/提高……10月23日上午9点到12点，我们学校在学校操场上举行/组织了一场跑步比赛。 3). Our school witnessed a “Campus Labor Week” activity from May 18th to 22th. Aimed at enhancing students’ physical quality, this activity was well received in the whole school. 5月18日至22日，我们学校举办了“校园劳动周”活动。为了提高学生的身体素质，这项活动受到了全学校的欢迎。 4). The student union held a graduation party for them in the school hall on Friday evening, the purpose of which was to leave the exchange students a deep impression on the vivid school life in our campus. 周五晚上，学生会在学校礼堂为他们举办了一场毕业派对，目的是让交换生对我们校园生动的学校生活留下深刻的印象。 结尾活动意义或反响: 1). The activity turned out to be a great success. 这次活动结果非常成功。 2). The activity is really meaningful and helpful, from which we have learned some related skills. 这个活动很有意义，也很有帮助，从中我们学到了一些相关的技能。 3). We had a better understanding of...through the activity. 通过这次活动, 我们对……有了更好的理解 4). It is this activity that further raises our awareness of/ enriches our knowledge about... 正是这项活动进一步提高了我们……..的意识/丰富了我们……的知识。 5). Undoubtedly, this activity is of great importance，which provides us with an opportunity to do… 毫无疑问，这项活动是非常重要的，这为我们提供了一个做……的机会。 6) not only…but also… （用部分倒装） * This activity not only strengthens our body, but also tests our will and enriches our school life. 这个活动不仅增强我们的体魄，它也考验意志，丰富了我们的学校生活。 倒装：Not only does this activity strengthen our body, but it also tests our will and enriches our school life. 四、Writing 假定你是校英语报记者李华，今天你校开展了地震应急疏散演练活动，请你就此次活动写一篇新闻报道，内容包括: 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动过程； 3. 你的感受。 注意: 1.词数 80 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 参考词汇: 地震应急疏散演练 earthquake emergency evacuation drill ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version To make us students know about how to protect ourselves during an earthquake, our school organized an earthquake emergency evacuation drill today. Before the drill started, our teachers gave us some basic and useful instructions on what to do during an earthquake. When the alarm rang, students left the teaching building in order. Within a minute, all of the students gathered in the playground, for which we were praised by our headmaster. This drill is really meaningful and helpful, from which we have learned some related skills in dealing with emergencies in an earthquake. 为了让我们学生知道如何在地震中保护自己，我们学校今天组织了一次地震应急疏散演习。 在演习开始之前，我们的老师给了我们一些基本的有用的指导，告诉我们在地震时该怎么做。警报一响，学生们有序地离开了教学楼。不到一分钟，所有的学生都聚集在操场上，为此我们受到了校长的表扬。 这次演习真的很有意义，也很有帮助，从中我们学到了一些在地震中处理紧急情况的相关技能。 一、单句语法填空 1．It is impossible (deliver) this letter because the address is illegible. 【答案】to deliver 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这封信无法投递，因为地址难以辨认。根据“It is impossible”可知，此处用固定句型“it is+形容词+to do sth.”表示“做某事……”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，因此用deliver“投递”的不定式形式。故填to deliver。 2．There were loud (crash) of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 【答案】crashes 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玻璃破碎的声音很响，东西掉在地上，但学生们仍然静静地等待着。分析句子结构可知，形容词修饰名词，由谓语动词were可知，用复数，故填crashes。 3．In (sum), I feel studying online is very convenient as well as comfortable and I love it very much. 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：总的来说，我觉得网上学习非常方便，也很舒适，我非常喜欢。in summary固定搭配，意为“总的来说”，故填summary。 4．I heard the clock (strike) eight when I woke up this morning. 【答案】striking 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：今天早上我醒来时，听到了八点钟的钟声。设空处用作宾语补足语，表示“钟表的敲打、报时” 要用strike表达，动词strike和宾语clock之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填striking。 5． My friend stood on the platform, (wave) goodbye to me before getting on the train. 【答案】waving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的朋友站在站台上，上车前向我挥手告别。句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，主语my friend和动词wave是主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填waving。 6．To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, (become) the most beautiful building in our school. 【答案】becoming 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：首先，一个新的体育场已经建成，成为我们学校最美丽的建筑。分析句子结构可知，句子中已经有谓语动词，因此需要填入非谓语动词，此处逻辑主语与动词之间为主谓关系，所以用现在分词，本句中为现在分词作状语。故填becoming。 7．Out gratitude, Jack decided to treat Bob to dinner. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：出于感激，杰克决定请鲍勃吃饭。根据“Out”和“gratitude”可知，此处应用介词短语out of表示“出于……的目的”。故填of。 8．We should take (effect) methods to stop the environment from being destroyed. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们应该采取有效的方法来阻止环境遭到破坏。此处应用形容词effective作定语，修饰名词methods，故填effective。 9．Do you know that a storm packing 75 mph winds (sweep) across the area last night? 【答案】swept 【详解】考查时态。句意：你知道昨晚一场时速75英里的风暴席卷了该地区吗？sweep“ 席卷，扫过”。根据last night可知，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用sweep的过去式swept。故填swept。 10．The blue whale can grow up to almost 30 meters in (long). 【答案】length 【详解】考查名词。句意：蓝鲸可以长到几乎30米长。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词length，意为“长度”，作宾语，是不可数名词。故填length。 四、书面表达 2023年12月19日凌晨甘肃省发生了6.2级地震，建筑物坍塌，汽车、房屋受损，人员出现伤亡。请根据下面提供的信息，为某英语报社写一篇80词左右的新闻报道，报道的标题已给出。 内容包括： 1.受灾情况：如人员伤亡（多达100多人死亡，成百人受伤）；数百建筑物损毁；供水、供电中断等； 2.救援情况：如军队，医务人员等； 3.赈灾措施：运送生活物资；人们捐款； 4.希望和决心。 A Terrible Earthquake __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Terrible Earthquake A terrible earthquake struck Gansu Province, which caused great damages. The number of deaths stood at more than 100, and hundreds of people were injured. Numerous houses and roads were in ruins. Water and the electricity were cut off. Rescue workers, including medical teams and troops were sent to the disaster-hit area. An emergency delivery of fresh water and food was transported to the area. With donations in large amounts and joint efforts of all the people, we believe the place will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。2023年12月19日凌晨甘肃省发生了6.2级地震，建筑物坍塌，汽车、房屋受损，人员出现伤亡。要求考生按照要求就此写一篇新闻报道。 【详解】1.词汇积累 造成：cause→ lead to 许多的：numerous→ bountiful 运送：transport→ deliver 相信：believe→ be convinced 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：A terrible earthquake struck Gansu Province, which caused great damages. 拓展句：A terrible earthquake struck Gansu Province, causing great damages. 【点睛】【高分句型1】A terrible earthquake struck Gansu Province, which caused great damages. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】With donations in large amounts and joint efforts of all the people, we believe the place will revive itself and get back up on its feet soon.(运用了省略that的宾语从句) ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)过去分词(短语)作定语的用法： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs8\al\co1(①可表示被动和动作已完成,②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语,　时多后置,③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句)) A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body. 均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。 Have you read the novels written by Dickens(＝which were written by Dickens)? 你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？ $$ 必修一 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（学案） Section III Reading for Writing,Assessing Your Progress &. Video Time 2022年课程标准 学习目标 单元主题语境是人与自然，归属于“灾害防范”主题群，内容涉及“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”、“亚洲的海啸”、“自然灾害的基本知识”等。旨在帮助学生了解自然灾害, 树立防灾意识，体会人与自然的关系，学会保护环境，保护自我。 1. 语言能力： (1) 能够流利且正确读出与自然灾害相关的词汇，知道对应的中文意思，并能够运用本单元所列重点词汇表达与主题相关的信息或观点； (2)了解常见定语从句类型，学会区分并初步使用限制性定语从句中连接词that,which, who, whom, whose; (3) 了解新闻报道的语篇结构，标题特征和语言特点； (4) 能初步运用所学知识，写出一篇文章的概要。 2. 文化意识：了解并认识到，在自然灾害面前中国作为世界大国的担当与作为。自然灾害无国界，需要全世界人民共同应对。 3.思维品质：能够梳理出地震发生的前后信息，整合文章内容，概括语篇大意；批判性地评价面对自然灾害的做法； 4.学习能力：能够通过网络，杂志等途径，了解其他的自然灾害及应对方法。 一、翻译：英汉互译 1． vt. & vi. 碰撞; 撞击n. 撞车; 碰撞 2． vt. & vi.(过去式 , 过去分词 )打扫; 短语： 消灭; 彻底消除 3． n. 海浪; 波浪vt. & vi.挥手; 招手 短语： 向某人挥手 4． vt. & vi.递送; 传达vt. 发表 5． n. 总结; 概括; 概要搭配 总之; 总的来说 6． n. 长; 长度 7．at least 8．stand at 9．carry out 10．out of gratitude 二、词性转换 1．death n. 死;死亡→ adj.死的→ adj.致命的→ v. 死亡 2．affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→ n. 效果;影响→ adj.有效的→ n. 喜欢;喜爱;感情 3．survive vi.生存;存活 vt.幸存;艰难度过→ n. 幸存;生还→ n. 幸存者;生还者 4．deliver vt.& vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→ n. 投递;送交 5．length n. 长;长度→ adj.长的→ v. (使)变长 ( 1 语篇研读 ) 1. Pre-reading Look at the picture and title, infer the type of the text and predict what the text is mainly about. ①What is the type of text type? A. Narration(记叙文） B. Exposition(说明文） C. A news report ②Which natural disaster? ③Where did it happen? 2. While Reading (1) Summarize the main idea of each paragraph. Para.1:___________________________________________ Para.2:___________________________________________ Para.3:___________________________________________ （2） Read the text and answer the following questions 1. When did the tsunami happen? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 2. What caused the tsunami? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ 3.Why would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies? ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击；坠毁　n．撞车；碰撞 crash (...) into...(把……)与……相撞；撞上…… crash down倒下；撞毁；坠毁；崩溃 car crash撞车 plane crash飞机失事 A truck went out of control and crashed into the back of a bus. 货车失控撞到了一辆公共汽车的尾部。 She stormed out of the room and crashed the door shut behind her. 她愤怒地冲出房间并随手把门砰的一声关上。 Six people were killed yesterday in the car crash. 昨天的车祸中6人死亡。 完成句子 ①His car ______　_________ a tree while he was driving in the snowstorm. 当他在暴风雪中开车时，他的车撞到了树上。 ②An aircraft _______________ yesterday on the mountains near the city. 昨天一架飞机在城市附近的山上坠毁了。 2．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫 sweep away消灭；彻底消除 sweep over涌上心头；扫视 sweep up清扫 They asked the little boy to sweep the room clean. 他们叫那个小男孩把房间打扫干净。 Heavy floods swept away houses and took away the lives of many. 猛烈的洪水冲走了房屋并带走了许多人的生命。 The poor women of the area were employed to sweep up after office hours. 该地区的贫苦妇女们被雇来每天下班后打扫卫生。 单句语法填空 ①We would like to be able to sweep _______ those harmful rumors (谣言)． ②Let’s pile up the fallen leaves in the corner and sweep ______ the floor. ③His eyes swept ________ the fields and saw a dam in the distance. 3．wave n．海浪；波浪　vi.& vt.挥手；招手 radio waves无线电波 give sb.a wave向某人挥手 a wave of...一阵…… wave to/at...向……招手 wave (to) sb.to do sth.挥手示意某人做某事 wave sb.goodbye＝wave goodbye to sb.向某人挥手告别 The third wave was so strong that it knocked me backwards. 第三次波浪太大了，把我打了回去。 The mother waved to her son till the bus was out of sight. 那位妈妈一直向她儿子挥手，直到看不到公共汽车为止。 They waved to us to stay where we were. 他们向我们挥手，要我们留在原地。 My mother was crying as I waved goodbye to her. 当我挥手跟母亲说再见时，她哭了。 单句语法填空 ①They looked very happy when she waved ________ them. ②___ __ wave of happiness flooded me. ③I waved to him _________(keep) away, but he continued to advance. ④I waved goodbye ______ him, but he ignored. 4．strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck /stricken)侵袭；突击；击打；罢工　 n．罢工；罢课；袭击 It strikes/struck sb.that...(某人)突然想到…… be struck by...被……打动/迷住了 strike...into one’s heart使……刻骨铭心 strike sb.＋介词in/on＋the＋身体部位 打某人的某处 be on strike在罢工 go on strike举行罢工 striker n．罢工者；前锋；射手 The workers were striking / on strike because they wanted more money. 工人们在罢工，因为他们要求涨工资。 When the clock struck five，the strike started.当钟敲响了五点，罢工开始了。 It strikes me that none of them trusts each other.使我震惊的是他们当中没有一个人信赖对方。 Great damage has been caused by the tornado which struck the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。 单句语法填空 ①The coal miners decided to go __ ____ strike for better working conditions. ②It struck me ________ everyone was unusually silent. ③I was stricken ______ his inspiring words. ④An apple fell off the tree and struck him on _______ head. ⑤Suddenly, a good idea __________(strike) me last night. 完成句子 ⑥______________　_________ you had known all the time. 我突然想到你早就知道了。 5．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达；助产；接生 vt.发表；生产；给……接生 deliver sth.(to sb.)投递/传送某物(给某人) deliver a speech发表演说 deliver a baby接生 deliver sb./sth.over to sb.把某人/物移交给某人 delivery n．传递； 交付；递送；分娩；演讲 Would you deliver my message to your mother? 你可以帮我传口信给你母亲吗？ He delivered an important report at the meeting. 他在会上做了重要报告。 【名师点津】 拒绝双宾语的deliver deliver后不接双宾语，即不能说deliver sb.sth.，只能说deliver sth.to sb.。 单句语法填空 ①He delivered my message ______ his brother. 写出黑体部分的含义 ②She had gone to a neighbouring village to deliver a baby.________ ③John was asked to deliver a speech at the meeting.________ ④The morning mail has already been delivered._______ 6.effect n．影响；结果；效果 have an/no effect on...对……有/没有影响 put...into effect使……生效 come into effect开始生效 take effect生效 in effect实际上 side effect副作用 effective adj.有效的 The rain has had a very bad effect on the crops. 这场雨极其严重地影响了庄稼的生长。 The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用。 The traffic laws won’t take effect until the end of the year. 交通法要到年底才生效。 Do you know if the sleeping pill has its side effect? 你知道安眠药是否有副作用吗？ 单句语法填空 ①The new law will come ________ effect next month. ②What you say or do will have an effect ______ others. ③That sounds rather easy, but ______ effect it’s very difficult. ④The clothes are ____effective_________(effect) in keeping cool in warm weather. 完成句子 ⑤The new law has ____________ and it will surely ______________ the daily life of the people. 新法律已经生效，它一定会对人们的日常生活产生很大的影响。 考点1.句型：1．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. 昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6 500多人死亡。 (1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami；that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词a tsunami，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语；killing more than...four other countries是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。 (2)现在分词短语作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果，它常常位于句末，可以扩展为一个含有并列谓语的简单句。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money(＝and left him a lot of money)． 他的爸爸去世了，留给他很多钱。 Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay(＝and thus it caused the delay)． 他们的车困在了交通阻塞中，因而耽误了。 现在分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语应保持一致。 听到这个消息，他脸红了。 (正)Hearing the news，he turned red. (误)Hearing the news，his face turned red.(his face不能发出hearing这个动作) 不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，且其前可加only表示强调。 We hurried to the station，only to find that the train had left. 我们匆匆忙忙地赶去车站，结果发现火车已经走了。 单句语法填空 ①He lifted the rock only _________(drop) it on his own feet. ②He cut off the electricity in time, ______________(prevent) an accident. ③He did his homework carelessly, __________(make) a lot of mistakes. ④They reached the company out of breath only ___________(tell) they were fired. ⑤European football is played in more than 80 countries，___making_______ (make) it the most popular sport. 考点2.句型：Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。 (1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves；caused by the strong earthquake是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词huge waves，相当于定语从句that/which were caused by the strong earthquake；that reached a magnitude of 9.0是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。 单句语法填空 ①You cannot accept an opinion ___________(offer) to you unless it is based on facts. ②The boy __________(call) Tom is my brother. ③The book，___________(write) in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners. 考点3.句型：be doing sth. when... 正在做某事，这时(突然)…… (教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然水开始涌入家中。 【拓展】 be about to do...when...　　　　　　正要做……这时(突然)…… be on the point of doing...when... 正要做……这时(突然)…… had just done...when... 刚做完……这时(突然)…… 【经典练】 单句语法填空 1.She had just finished her homework ________ her mother asked her to play the piano. 2.I was about to give up ________ my best friend encouraged me to go on. [完成句子] 3.约翰正在房间里学习,突然听到了一声尖叫。 John ________ in his room ______ he heard a scream. 4.我正要放弃,这时我最好的朋友鼓励我继续下去。 I ____________________________ my best friend encouraged me to go on. 5.她刚刚做完作业,妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。 She _____________________________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano. [写美句]——应用文佳句 6.[浙江卷，写作]上周一，我正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。 Last Monday, I____________________________ I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle. 7.2001年的一天，贾晓玲和她的母亲在骑自行车时被一辆车撞倒。 One day in 2001,Jia Xiaoling and her mom ______________________________________. ( 34 写作指导 ) 本单元的写作项目属于说明文体类别中的新闻报道， 新闻报道要求客观公正，不必追求过分花哨的词汇。新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：标题、导语、主体、结语。标题是新闻报道的题目。导语是消息开头的第一段，它扼要点明报道的核心内容，即告诉读者“5W”－时间(when), 地点(where),人物(who), 起因(why), 事件(what)。主体是报道的主要部分，它是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。新闻报道的结语一般是一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结或评价。新闻报道行文时主要采用第三人称展开写作，时态以一般过去时为主，概括性的总结或评价部分用一般现在时。 二、高考新闻报道----活动类行文结构 1. 第一段：活动的目的与时间 2. 第二段：活动的具体内容或过程 3. 第三段：活动的感受、评价、感想 三、素材积累 1. 必备短语： · 报道灾难性新闻: hit/strike 袭击 be badly injured 严重受伤 cause/do damage to 对…造成损害 be trapped in…被困在… lie in ruins 变成废墟 rescue workers 营救人员 foreign aid 国外援助 · 活动类报道： launch a campaign发起一项活动； hold/organize an activity 组织一次活动； think highly of 高度评价; take part in/participate in/get involved in参加…； promote 促进；be aimed at 旨在…； with the purpose of… 为了…； with our joint efforts 共同努力； build up one’s body/confidence 增强体质/信心; improve our friendship 促进友谊; strengthen one’s will 增强意志 ; enrich students’ campus life 丰富校园生活; promote one’s awareness of提高…的意识 provide an opportunity to do提供…的机会; relieve great pressure from… 缓解…压力 2. 必备句型： 开头活动目的： 常用句式： 1). With the purpose/aim/intention of doing sth., the sports meeting was held …. 2). The sports meeting was held…, the purpose of which is to do … 3). Aimed at doing sth., the sports meeting was held …. 例句欣赏： 1). To arm students with knowledge of earthquake, a lecture about earthquake was delivered at our school hall at 8 a.m. last Friday. 为了使学生了解地震知识，上周五上午8点在我校礼堂举行了一次关于地震的讲座。 2). Aiming to enrich/encourage/enhance..., our school held/organized a running race on the school playground from 9 am to 12 am on October 3. 旨在丰富/鼓励/提高……10月23日上午9点到12点，我们学校在学校操场上举行/组织了一场跑步比赛。 3). Our school witnessed a “Campus Labor Week” activity from May 18th to 22th. Aimed at enhancing students’ physical quality, this activity was well received in the whole school. 5月18日至22日，我们学校举办了“校园劳动周”活动。为了提高学生的身体素质，这项活动受到了全学校的欢迎。 4). The student union held a graduation party for them in the school hall on Friday evening, the purpose of which was to leave the exchange students a deep impression on the vivid school life in our campus. 周五晚上，学生会在学校礼堂为他们举办了一场毕业派对，目的是让交换生对我们校园生动的学校生活留下深刻的印象。 结尾活动意义或反响: 1). The activity turned out to be a great success. 这次活动结果非常成功。 2). The activity is really meaningful and helpful, from which we have learned some related skills. 这个活动很有意义，也很有帮助，从中我们学到了一些相关的技能。 3). We had a better understanding of...through the activity. 通过这次活动, 我们对……有了更好的理解 4). It is this activity that further raises our awareness of/ enriches our knowledge about... 正是这项活动进一步提高了我们……..的意识/丰富了我们……的知识。 5). Undoubtedly, this activity is of great importance，which provides us with an opportunity to do… 毫无疑问，这项活动是非常重要的，这为我们提供了一个做……的机会。 6) not only…but also… （用部分倒装） * This activity not only strengthens our body, but also tests our will and enriches our school life. 这个活动不仅增强我们的体魄，它也考验意志，丰富了我们的学校生活。 倒装：Not only does this activity strengthen our body, but it also tests our will and enriches our school life. 四、Writing 假定你是校英语报记者李华，今天你校开展了地震应急疏散演练活动，请你就此次活动写一篇新闻报道，内容包括: 1. 活动目的； 2. 活动过程； 3. 你的感受。 注意: 1.词数 80 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。 参考词汇: 地震应急疏散演练 earthquake emergency evacuation drill ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version To make us students know about how to protect ourselves during an earthquake, our school organized an earthquake emergency evacuation drill today. Before the drill started, our teachers gave us some basic and useful instructions on what to do during an earthquake. When the alarm rang, students left the teaching building in order. Within a minute, all of the students gathered in the playground, for which we were praised by our headmaster. This drill is really meaningful and helpful, from which we have learned some related skills in dealing with emergencies in an earthquake. 为了让我们学生知道如何在地震中保护自己，我们学校今天组织了一次地震应急疏散演习。 在演习开始之前，我们的老师给了我们一些基本的有用的指导，告诉我们在地震时该怎么做。警报一响，学生们有序地离开了教学楼。不到一分钟，所有的学生都聚集在操场上，为此我们受到了校长的表扬。 这次演习真的很有意义，也很有帮助，从中我们学到了一些在地震中处理紧急情况的相关技能。 一、单句语法填空 1．It is impossible (deliver) this letter because the address is illegible. 2．There were loud (crash) of glass breaking and things falling to the ground, but the students remained still and waited calmly and quietly. 3．In (sum), I feel studying online is very convenient as well as comfortable and I love it very much. 4．I heard the clock (strike) eight when I woke up this morning. 5． My friend stood on the platform, (wave) goodbye to me before getting on the train. 6．To begin with, a new stadium has been built up, (become) the most beautiful building in our school. 7．Out gratitude, Jack decided to treat Bob to dinner. 8．We should take (effect) methods to stop the environment from being destroyed. 9．Do you know that a storm packing 75 mph winds (sweep) across the area last night? 10．The blue whale can grow up to almost 30 meters in (long). 四、书面表达 2023年12月19日凌晨甘肃省发生了6.2级地震，建筑物坍塌，汽车、房屋受损，人员出现伤亡。请根据下面提供的信息，为某英语报社写一篇80词左右的新闻报道，报道的标题已给出。 内容包括： 1.受灾情况：如人员伤亡（多达100多人死亡，成百人受伤）；数百建筑物损毁；供水、供电中断等； 2.救援情况：如军队，医务人员等； 3.赈灾措施：运送生活物资；人们捐款； 4.希望和决心。 A Terrible Earthquake __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 (2)过去分词(短语)作定语的用法： eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs8\al\co1(①可表示被动和动作已完成,②单个过去分词作定语时多前置，过去分词短语作定语,　时多后置,③过去分词短语作后置定语时可转化为定语从句)) A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body. 均衡的饮食为你的身体提供营养。 Have you read the novels written by Dickens(＝which were written by Dickens)? 你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？ $$