Unit 4 Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking（导学案)- 【帮课堂】2024-2025学年高一英语同步学与练（人教版2019必修第一册）

必修一 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（学案） Section I Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 2022年课程标准 学习目标 单元主题语境是人与自然，归属于“灾害防范”主题群，内容涉及“中国唐山地震的不眠之夜”、“亚洲的海啸”、“自然灾害的基本知识”等。旨在帮助学生了解自然灾害, 树立防灾意识，体会人与自然的关系，学会保护环境，保护自我。 1. 语言能力： (1) 能够流利且正确读出与自然灾害相关的词汇，知道对应的中文意思，并能够运用本单元所列重点词汇表达与主题相关的信息或观点； (2)了解常见定语从句类型，学会区分并初步使用限制性定语从句中连接词that,which, who, whom, whose; (3) 了解新闻报道的语篇结构，标题特征和语言特点； (4) 能初步运用所学知识，写出一篇文章的概要。 2. 文化意识：了解并认识到，在自然灾害面前中国作为世界大国的担当与作为。自然灾害无国界，需要全世界人民共同应对。 3.思维品质：能够梳理出地震发生的前后信息，整合文章内容，概括语篇大意；批判性地评价面对自然灾害的做法； 4.学习能力：能够通过网络，杂志等途径，了解其他的自然灾害及应对方法。 01-重点词汇背记 1．  adj.   最重要的；最高级别的 n.     (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 2．  adj.   附近的；邻近的 adv.     在附近 3． vi.   应在(某处)；适应 4．  n.   地方；地点；位置 5．  n.    战役；搏斗 vi.&vt.    搏斗；奋斗 6．  adj.   极有吸引力的；迷人的 7．  n.      收费；指控；主管 vt.        收费；控告；充电 8．  n.     金额；数量 9．  n. 方法；途径；接近vt.      接近；接洽；着手处理vi.       靠近 10． vt.     保证；确保；担保 11．  adj.  慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 12．  n.     位置；姿态；职位 13．  adj.   热切的；渴望的 14．  n.       诗人 15．  n.    风俗；习俗；习惯 1．chief adj.   最重要的；最高级别的 n.     (公司或机构的)首领；酋长 2．nearby adj.   附近的；邻近的 adv.     在附近 3．belongvi.   应在(某处)；适应 4．location n.   地方；地点；位置 5．battle n.    战役；搏斗 vi.&vt.    搏斗；奋斗 6．fascinating adj.   极有吸引力的；迷人的 7．charge n.      收费；指控；主管 vt.        收费；控告；充电 8．amount n.     金额；数量 9．approach n. 方法；途径；接近vt.      接近；接洽；着手处理vi.       靠近 10．ensurevt.     保证；确保；担保 11．generous adj.  慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 12．position n.     位置；姿态；职位 13．eager adj.   热切的；渴望的 14．poet n.       诗人 15．custom n.    风俗；习俗；习惯 02-核心词形拓展 1．die vi.死；死亡→ n．死；死亡→ adj.死去的→ adj.致命的 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n. 感情；喜爱 3．effect n．影响；结果；效果→  adj.有效的→ adv.有效地 4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→  adj.令人震惊的→  adj.震惊的 5．electricity n．电；电能→  adj. 用电的；电动的→  adj.与电有关的 6．breath n．呼吸→ vi.&vt.呼吸 7．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→  adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的 8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→  n．折磨；苦难 9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→  n．幸存→  n．幸存者 10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→  adj.有权势的；强有力的→  adj.无权的；无能力的 11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ n．传送；递送；演讲方式 12．long adj.长的→  n．长；长度→  v. (使)变长 1．die vi.死；死亡→death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死去的→deadly adj.致命的 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→affection n. 感情；喜爱 3．effect n．影响；结果；效果→ effective adj.有效的→effectively adv.有效地 4．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.震惊的 5．electricity n．电；电能→ electric adj. 用电的；电动的→ electrical adj.与电有关的 6．breath n．呼吸→ breathe vi.&vt.呼吸 7．wisdom n. 智慧；才智→ wise adj. 充满智慧的；明智的；英明的 8．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．折磨；苦难 9．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存→ survivorn．幸存者 10．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ powerful adj.有权势的；强有力的→ powerless adj.无权的；无能力的 11．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→ delivery n．传送；递送；演讲方式 12．long adj.长的→ length n．长；长度→ lengthen v. (使)变长 03-重点词块闪记 1．    似乎；好像；仿佛 2． 严重受损；破败不堪 3．     震惊；吃惊 4．  结束；终结 5．   挖掘出；发现 6．  ……的数目 7．  仅仅；只是 8． 吹走 9．  横穿 10．  站起来 11．  露天；在户外 12．  执行；实施；贯彻；完成 13． 出于感激 14． 跌倒；倒塌 15．  朝四面八方 1．as_if 　　　　　　　　                      似乎；好像；仿佛 2．in_ruins                                             严重受损；破败不堪 3．in_shock                                            震惊；吃惊 4．come_to_an_end                                结束；终结 5．dig_out                                              挖掘出；发现 6．the_number_of                                  ……的数目 7．nothing_but                                       仅仅；只是 8．blow_away                                        吹走 9．cut_across                                         横穿 10．get_up_on_one's_feet                       站起来 11．in_the_open_air                               露天；在户外 12．carry_out                                        执行；实施；贯彻；完成 13．out_of_gratitude                              出于感激 14．fall_down                                        跌倒；倒塌 15．in_all_directions                              朝四面八方 04-阅读词汇识记 1.Environment  n. 环境 2.powerful  adj.强大的       3.protect  vt.保护 4.prevent  vt 防止             5.decrease  v. 减少         6.damage  n. 损害 7. destroy vt 毁灭       8. rescue vt 拯救 9. spoil vt 破坏                  10.construct vt 建设        11. beautify vt. 美化       . 12.earthquake  n.地震          13.typhoon n.台风      14.erupt vt. 爆发 15.eruption n.爆发 16.volcano n.火山          17.drought n.干旱 18.catastrophe n.大灾难     19.disaster n.灾难 20.shocking adj.震惊的       ( 1 语篇研读 ) Step 1 Lead-in Show a video and some pictures about earthquakes and ask students a question. What will happen if an earthquake comes? (Purpose: 吸引学生注意力，让其更加了解地震以及其带来的危害。) Step 2 Pre-reading 1. What does the title mean? 答案：(The Night the Earth Didn’t Sleep—Personification拟人) What will happen to the earth if it doesn’t sleep? 2. According to the title and pictures, what do you think the text is mainly about? （Purpose: 让学生根据图片和标题猜测文章大意。 ） The passage mainly talks about a/an__________(what) that happened in _________ (where) in_______ (when?) and caused great ________ to people. (What result?) 答案： The passage mainly talks about a/an_____earthquake______(what) that happened in __Tangshan_______ (where) in___July 1976____ (when?) and caused great __damage_______ to people. (What result?) Step 3 while-reading 1. Choose the best answers. (1) What does the passage mainly talk about? ( ) A.The terrible earthquake happened in Tangshan. B.The damages caused by the earthquake in Tangshan. C.People suffered from the earthquake in Tangshan. 答案：A (2) What is the type of the passage? ( ) A. novel B. literary journalism C. letter D. brochure 答案：B Introduce the literary journalism briefly.（报告文学是一种介于新闻报道和文学作品之间的文体，其题材和所描写的人物是真实发生的历史事件和正式人物。报告文学与普通新闻报道的最大区别在于，前者对事件发生的环境和所涉及的人物有生动的描绘，并运用多种修辞方法来组织语言，这样更能激发读者的情感，从而打动读者。） 2. Find out the main idea of each paragraph. (1) Match the main idea with each paragraph. Para1: The immediate effects of the earthquake. Para2: The revival of the city. Para3: Warning signs before the earthquake. Para4: The happening of the big earthquake. Para5: The rescue work. 答案： Para1: Warning signs before the earthquake. Para2: The happening of the big earthquake. Para3: The immediate effects of the earthquake. Para4: The rescue work. Para5: The revival of the city. (2) What is the order of the passage? ____________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Time order. (Before the earthquake, during the earthquake, after the earthquake) (3) Divide the passage according to the time order. （Matching） Para1 Warning signs before the earthquake Para2—Para3 Revival after the earthquake Para4—Para5 Damages during the earthquake 答案： Para1 Warning signs before the earthquake Para2—Para3 Damages during the earthquake Para4—Para5 Revival after the earthquake （Purpose: 理清文章脉络结构以及段落大意，对文章有一个整体初步的了解。） 3. Find out the answers from Para1. (1) What strange things happened before the earthquake? (Fill in the blanks) see water in the ___, deep______ in the well walls, _________ and even pigs were too nervous to eat. __________ refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Strange things __________ jumped out of the water. __________ in the sky smell some smelly________ hear Loud ________ were heard. 答案： （1）What strange things happened before the earthquake? (Fill in the blanks) see water in the __wells_, deep__cracks__ in the well walls, __Chickens__ and even pigs were too nervous to eat. ___Dogs__ refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Strange things ___Fish__ jumped out of the water. ___bright light__ in the sky smell some smelly__gas__ hear Loud __noises__ were heard. (2) Why were people asleep as usual before the earthquake? ( ) A. Because they didn’t notice anything strange happening. B. Because they knew well about earthquake. C. Because something strange has happened in many places. D. Because they didn’t care about the arrival of an earthquake. 答案：A 4. Find out the answers from Para2. True or false. Correct the false sentences. At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. ( ) Tangshan earthquake is one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century. ( ) Nearly one half of the whole nation felt the earthquake. ( ) The earthquake caused a huge crack, eight kilometers long and 30 meters wide. ( ) In more than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. ( ) Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. ( ) The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000. ( ) 答案： True or false. Correct the false sentences. At 3:00 a.m., everything began to shake. F, at 3:42 a.m. Tangshan earthquake is one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century. T Nearly one half of the whole nation felt the earthquake. F, one third The earthquake caused a huge crack, eight kilometers long and 30 meters wide. T In more than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. F, less than Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. T The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the earthquake was more than 400,000. T 5. Find out the answers from Para3. (1) Fill in the blanks. Buildings Nearly everything in the city was__________. About 75 percent of the city’s____________were gone. _____________ covered the ground like red autumn leaves. Most________________ had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now___________ of metal. Animals Tens of thousands of_____________, hundreds of thousands of ___________, and millions of _______________ were dead. People People were in______________. People began to______________ how long the disaster would_____________. 答案： Buildings Nearly everything in the city was__destroyed___. About 75 percent of the city’s___factories and buildings__were gone. ___Bricks__ covered the ground like red autumn leaves. Most____bridges____ had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now__useless pieces_ of metal. Animals Tens of thousands of__cows___, hundreds of thousands of __pigs_, and millions of ___chickens____ were dead. People People were in___shock___. People began to___wonder___ how long the disaster would___last___. (2)What does the author want to express in paragraph 2 and 3? ( ) A. To stress the damage levels of the earthquake. B. To explain the details of the earthquake. C. To show the speed of the earthquake. D. To describe the people’s helpfulness. 答案：A 6. Find out the answers from Para4 and Para5. (1) Finish the mind map. Revival of the city (union): army, doctors and___________________, workers, strong support from the___________________, tireless efforts of the ________________ people 答案： Revival of the city (union): army, doctors and___nurses___, workers, strong support from the___government___, tireless efforts of the __city’s_ people (2) What does “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” in paragraph4 mean. ( ) A. People who were trapped came to life. B. The trees turned green. C. The animals began to breathe. D. The city returned to normal gradually. 答案：D (3) What is the mood of this text? ( ) A. Calm B. Pessimistic C. Serious but hopeful D. Heartbroken but cautious 答案：C Step 4 Post-reading 1. Group discussion:Why is the damage caused by the Tangshan earthquake so severe? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Possible answers: The magnitude of the earthquake is high. People had no technology to detect the earthquake. People hadn’t raise awareness of earthquake prevention. People didn’t know how to protect themselves in the earthquake. 2. Group discussion: What should we do if the earthquake comes? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Possible answers: Be aware of some strange things in nature. Find safe shelters. Unite together and help each other. Step 4　课文语法填空 Several days before July 28,1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for an earthquake. But people __1__ lived there didn't think much of that. At 3：42 am that day, the earth began __2__ (shake), __3__ destroyed almost all the city in less than one minute. People were __4__ shock. Later that afternoon, __5__ big earthquake shook the city again. Even __6__ (many) buildings fell down. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help, and teams were organized to dig out the __7__ (trap) and to bury the dead. Many people, __8__ (include) nurses and doctors, came to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins. Slowly, things __9__ (improve) and the city began to breathe again. With the government's support and the local people's tireless __10__ (effort), a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. It proves that in times of disaster, people must unify. Key:1．who/that　2.to_shake　3.which　4.in　5.another 6．more　7.trapped　8.including　9.improved　10.efforts ( 2 语言点梳理 ) 1.ruin　n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 be/lie in ruins　　　　 成为废墟；毁灭 fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪 ruin one's hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会失去 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 在不到一分钟的时间里，一座巨大的城市沦为废墟。 A large number of schools fell into ruin after the war. 战后许多学校都成了废墟。 单句语法填空 1)Heavy smoking ________________(ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking. 2)If you don't give up the computer games, you'll ruin ________________(you)． 3)When we reached the destination, we saw an old temple ________________ ruins. 4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。 ________________________________after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. 答案： 单句语法填空 1)Heavy smoking ruins(ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking. 2)If you don't give up the computer games, you'll ruin yourself(you)． 3)When we reached the destination, we saw an old temple in ruins. 4)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。 The__whole__city__lay__in__ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night. 2.shock　n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊 a great shock to sb.　　 对某人来说是极大的震惊 in shock 震惊；吃惊 shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 be shocked at/by... 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. 人们惊恐万分——接着，在那天下午的晚些时候，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。 It was a great shock to hear that the factory would have to close. 听到工厂要关闭的消息，大家都很震惊。 单句语法填空 1)The news ________________(shock) the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school. )The news of his sudden death is so ________________ that everyone is very much ________________ at it.(shock) 3)I was shocked________________(hear) that the old castle had been destroyed. 4)那么多人在地震中受伤或死亡，我们感到震惊。 ________________________________ so many people were injured or died in the earthquake. 答案： 单句语法填空 1)The news shocked(shock) the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school. )The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very much shocked at it.(shock) 3)I was shocked to__hear(hear) that the old castle had been destroyed. 4)那么多人在地震中受伤或死亡，我们感到震惊。 We__were__shocked__that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake. 3. trap　vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 be trapped in...　　　　 困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb.into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 fall into a trap 落入圈套 Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 地震发生后不久，军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬遇难者。 There was a power failure, and they were trapped in the lift. 停电了，他们被困在电梯里。 单句语法填空 1)Those travellers ________________________________(trap) in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. 2)The police trapped the thief ________________ telling the truth. 3)士兵们被立即派往地震灾区去营救被困在废墟中的人们。 The soldiers were sent to the earthquake­hit area immediately to rescue the people ________________________________． 答案： 单句语法填空 1)Those travellers were__trapped(trap) in the mountain, waiting to be rescued. 2)The police trapped the thief into telling the truth. 3)士兵们被立即派往地震灾区去营救被困在废墟中的人们。 The soldiers were sent to the earthquake­hit area immediately to rescue the people who__were__trapped__in__the__ruins． 4. bury　vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 bury...in...　　　　　　 把……埋到……里 bury one's face in hands 双手掩面 埋头于；专心于，沉浸于 She buried her face in hands and wept when she heard the bad news. 当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。 With the exam drawing near, we have been burying ourselves in study in the past three weeks. 在过去的三周里，我们一直专心于学习，因为考试即将到来。 一句多译 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 1)________________in her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 2)________________herself in her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 3)Because she ________________________________ her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 答案： 玛丽埋头于她的毕业论文，没有时间做兼职工作。 1)Buried in her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 2)Burying herself in her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 3)Because she was__buried__in her graduation paper, Mary has no time to do a part­time job. 5.effort　n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 spare no effort to do sth.　　　　 不遗余力地做某事 make an/every effort to do sth. 尽(全)力做某事 with effort 费力地 With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. 在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。 If I have such a good chance, I will spare no effort to finish the task. 如果我有这样一个好机会，我将不遗余力地完成这项任务。 一句多译 我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。 1)We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(try) 2)We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort) 3)We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort) 答案： 一句多译 我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。 1)We'll try__our__best__to__help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(try) 2)We'll make__every__effort__to__help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort) 3)We'll spare__no__effort__to__help you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.(effort) 6. suffer　vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦 suffer from...　　　 　　　 患……病；因……而受苦 suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻 suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦 )suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 sufferer n. 受难者 What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need? 你认为遭受过地震的人需要什么样的帮助？ As far as I know, he has ever suffered from a serious illness. 据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。 单句语法填空 1)A lot of money has been collected to help those ________________(suffer) from the floods. 2)She received many letters of support from some cancer ________________(suffer)． 3)很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。 It is obvious that our earth is ________________________________________________． 答案： 单句语法填空 1)A lot of money has been collected to help those suffering(suffer) from the floods. 2)She received many letters of support from some cancer sufferers(suffer)． 3)很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。 It is obvious that our earth is suffering__serious__damage． 7.supply　n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 in short supply　　　　　 短缺 have a good supply of... 备有许多…… school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品 为某人提供某物 The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。 I don't know whether they have a good supply of food in the area.　我不知道这个地区是否有良好的食物供应。 单句语法填空 1)I'd like to know the reason why the milk is________________ short supply in this area now. 2)The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes ________________the local people since the earthquake happened. 一句多译 没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。 3)There is no need to worry. We can ________________ whatever you need. 4)There is no need to worry. We can ________________________________________________． 答案： 单句语法填空 1)I'd like to know the reason why the milk is in short supply in this area now. 2)The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the earthquake happened. 一句多译 没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。 3)There is no need to worry. We can supply__you__with whatever you need. 4)There is no need to worry. We can supply__whatever__you__need__to__you． 8.survive　 vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 A survive B (by...)　　 A比B活得长…… survive on 依靠……生存下来 survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来 survivor n. 幸存者 She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake. 她正在喂那个从地震中幸存的婴儿。 Of the six people injured in the terrible accident, only two survived. 在这场可怕的事故中受伤的六人中，只有两人幸存。 单句语法填空 1)The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived ________________ the fish caught in the sea. 2)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers ________________ ten years. 3)Her father was a soldier and was one of the ________________ (survive) of the terrible accident. 4)有些传统的风俗是从早期遗留下来的。 Some traditional customs ________________________________________________． 答案： 单句语法填空 1)The traveler trapped in the lonely island survived on the fish caught in the sea. 2)The old lady has survived all her sisters and brothers by ten years. 3)Her father was a soldier and was one of the survivors (survive) of the terrible accident. 4)有些传统的风俗是从早期遗留下来的。 Some traditional customs have survived from earlier times． ( 3 重点句型 ) 1.“too...to...”意为“太……而不能……” (教材P50)Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡甚至猪都太紧张而吃不下东西，狗拒绝进入建筑物内。 (1)“too＋adj./adv.(for sb.) to do sth.”意为“太……而不能做某事”， 表示否定意义； (2)“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth.” 表示肯定意义。 ①I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her. 我总是很忙，而没时间和她交谈。 ②The problem is too difficult for me to settle. 这个问题对我来说太难了， 我解决不了。 ③I am too pleased to help you with your homework. 我很乐意帮你做作业。 一句多译 你弟弟太小，还无法胜任这项工作。 1)Your brother ________________________________________________ the work. (2)Your brother ________________________________ the work. 答案： 一句多译 你弟弟太小，还无法胜任这项工作。 1)Your brother is__too__young__to__be__fit__for the work. (2)Your brother is__so__young__that__he__is__not__fit__for the work. 2） as if引导表语从句 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 看起来仿佛世界末日即将来临！ “It seemed (to sb.) as if...”意为“(对某人来说)似乎……”。as if也可引导方式状语从句。 as if从句用陈述语气： 从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。 as if从句用虚拟语气： 从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)； 从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)； 从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反) It seems as if our team is going to win the game. 看来我们队要赢得这场比赛了。 ②He talks as if he knew everything about it. 他说话的样子好像他什么都知道似的。 单句语法填空 1)He talks to them as if they________________(be) children. 2)He talks about Rome as if he________________________________(be) there before. 3)He opened his mouth as if he ________________________________(say) something. (4)看起来似乎他并不在乎身边的一切。 ________________________________ he didn't care about everything around him. 答案： 单句语法填空 1)He talks to them as if they were(be) children. 2)He talks about Rome as if he had__been(be) there before. 3)He opened his mouth as if he would__say(say) something. (4)看起来似乎他并不在乎身边的一切。 It__seemed__as__if he didn't care about everything around him. 一、单词拼写 1．Ever since he moved there, he has been (埋头于) in his research work. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】buried 【详解】考查形容词。句意：自从他搬到那里以后，他就一直埋头于研究工作。be buried in 专心于……，埋头于……。根据汉语提示及句意，故填buried。 2．We should find a safe (躲避处) from the strong wind. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】shelter 【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该找个安全的地方躲避强风。此处使用名词shelter“避难所，避难处”，作find的宾语。a后接单数名词。故填shelter。 3． (裂缝) began to appear in the walls. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】Cracks 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：墙上开始出现裂缝。根据汉语提示“裂缝”，可知应填名词crack，作主语，crack为可数名词，前文没有冠词，故应用复数形式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Cracks。 4．I was (震惊的) to hear the news that a great fire broke out in the factory. 【答案】shocked 【详解】考查形容词。句意：听到工厂发生大火的消息，我很震惊。根据汉语意思“震惊的”，表示人的感受，以及上文was可知应填形容词shocked作表语，故填shocked。 5．Helicopters (营救) nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】rescued 【详解】考查动词。句意：直升机从燃烧的大楼屋顶救出了近20人。此处使用动词rescue“营救”，本句描述过去的动作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故填rescued。 6．Poor families spend about 80 to 90 (百分比) of their income on food. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】percent 【详解】考查名词。句意：贫困家庭将收入的80%至90%用于食品。此处使用名词percent“百分比”，作about的宾语。故填percent。 7．I do believe that all your (努力)will pay off sooner or later. 【答案】efforts 【详解】考查名词。句意：我相信，你的努力迟早会得到回报。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用名词“effort努力”作主语，根据空前的all可知，此处应用名词复数，故填efforts。 8．Have you heard of such natural (灾害) as floods, droughts, landslides, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes and tsunamis? 【答案】disasters 【详解】考查名词。句意：你听说过洪水、干旱、山体滑坡、台风、飓风、龙卷风和海啸等自然灾害吗？根据汉语提示可知，disaster“灾害”，可数名词，结合后面的“floods, droughts, landslides, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes and tsunamis”可知，此处使用名词复数，作宾语，故填disasters。 9． The automatic door (滑动) open and in came a slim lady. 【答案】slid 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：自动门滑开了，走了进来一位苗条的女士。根据汉语提示“滑动”可知，此处为动词slide，结合“came”可知，使用一般过去时。故填slid。 10．It was a jogger who dived from the bridge and (营救) the drowning child. 【答案】rescued 【详解】考查动词。句意：是一个慢跑者从桥上跳下来救了溺水的孩子。营救为rescue，陈述过去的动词，用一般过去时。故填rescued。 11．After the disaster, the spread of diseases (影响) human health and even leads to death. 【答案】affects 【详解】考查时态。句意：灾难发生后，疾病的传播影响着人类的健康，甚至导致死亡。根据汉语提示可知，affect“影响”，谓语动词，空处和leads是并列的谓语动词，一般现在时，使用三单形式，故填affects。 12．The volcanic eruption damaged a lot of farmland and (毁坏) many houses. 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查动词。句意：火山爆发破坏了许多农田，摧毁了许多房屋。毁坏为destroy，根据damaged可知，为一般过去时。故填destroyed。 13．His wife’s (死亡) was a great blow to him and he was falling apart. 【答案】death 【详解】考查名词。句意：妻子的死对他来说是一个巨大的打击，他崩溃了。根据汉语提示“死亡”，以及句子结构可知，此处需要名词death充当主语，此处是不可数名词。故填death。 14．When the volcano erupted, many villagers did not (撤离) in time, so they had to wait for rescue. 【答案】evacuate 【详解】考查动词。句意：当火山爆发时，许多村民没有及时撤离，所以他们不得不等待救援。根据汉语提示可知，evacuate“撤离”，动词，did not后接动词原形，句子为一般过去时。故填evacuate。 15．The crops failed because of the (干旱) making a big difference to the farmers. 【答案】drought 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于干旱，庄稼歉收，这对农民来说影响很大。“干旱”为drought，为不可使名词。故填drought。 16．Volunteers are caring for (洪水) victims who are homeless because of heavy summer rain. 【答案】flood 【详解】考查名词。句意：志愿者们正在照顾因夏季大雨而无家可归的洪水灾民。“洪水”flood，名词作定语修饰victims，符合题意，flood victims表示“灾民”。故填flood。 二、词性转换 1．The war has caused terrible (suffer)to the local people. 【答案】suffering/ sufferings 【详解】考查名词。句意：战争给当地百姓造成了极大的痛苦。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语使用名词，此处的suffering既可使用复数形式又可用作名词单数，故填suffering(s)。 2．Shortly after suffering a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：在遭受大地震被沦为废墟后，这个城市呈现了新的面貌。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语suffer from，意为“遭受......”。故填from。 3．This machine is very easy (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 【答案】to operate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种机器操作起来很简单。任何人都可以很快学会怎么用。在表示性质的形容词后，通常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义（机器被人操作），符合“be+形容词+to do”结构，即其后要接动词不定式。故填to operate。 4．I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good (breathe). 【答案】to breathe 【详解】考查不定式。句意：我喜欢在夏天起得很早。呼吸清晨空气的感觉很好。“sth. be+形容词+to do”是固定短语，意为“做某事是……的”，其中不定式作主语补足语。故填to breathe。 5．We sat in the shade, (shelter) from the sun. 【答案】sheltering 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们坐在阴凉处，躲避阳光。分析句子结构，主句的谓语动词是sat，设空处需填非谓语动词作状语，we和shelter为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填sheltering。 6．When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighbourhood in (ruin). 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：当他们第二天回到罗卡威时，发现他们的社区已经成了废墟。 in ruins成为废墟。ruin表示“废墟”时常用复数形式。根据句意，故填ruins。 7．They (shock) by her rudeness at yesterday’s party. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were shocked 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在昨天的聚会上，他们对她的粗鲁感到震惊。分析句子可知，shock(使震惊)是句中谓语动词，与主语They之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语at yesterday’s party，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是复数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were shocked。 8．All the people present felt at the accident. (shock) (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】 shocked shocking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：所有在场的人对这令人震惊的事故都感到震惊。第一空前的feel表示“感到”，为连系动词，后面加形容词作表语，此处表示“感到震惊的”，表示人的感受，应填shocked；第二空修饰accident，应填-ing结尾的形容词shocking作定语，表示“令人震惊的”。故填①shocked；②shocking。 9．The lift broke down and we (trap)inside. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were trapped 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：电梯出故障了, 我们被困在里面了。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语we之间是被动关系，根据The lift broke down（电梯出故障了），可知句子的时态为一般过去时，设空处应为一般过去时的被动语态。故填were trappped。 10．Think carefully before you answer questions online. You may be trapped into (give)away very important personal information. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】giving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在网上回答问题之前要仔细考虑。你可能会被骗泄露非常重要的个人信息。分析句子结构，根据空白处前面的介词into可知空白处应填动名词，又因trap sb into doing sth为固定短语，含义为“诱骗某人做某事”所以空白处填动名词，故填giving。 11．He walked slowly, his hands (bury)in his pockets. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他慢慢地走着，双手插在口袋里。分析句子结构可知，句子为独立主格结构。bury与his hands之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填buried。 12．There isn’t a (breathe) of wind today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】breath 【详解】考查名词。句意：今天一点风也没有。分析句子可知，设空处位于不定冠词后，应用名词；breathe的名词形式为breath，表示“呼吸、气息、空气”，a breath of为固定短语，表示“一丝”。故填breath。 13．It is good (breathe) in fresh air instead of city smoke. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to breathe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：呼吸新鲜空气而不是城市烟雾是很好的。it is good to do sth.做某事是件好事，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。根据句意，故填to breathe。 14．Heavy smoking makes him (breath). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】breathless 【详解】考查形容词。句意：吸烟过多使他气喘吁吁。分析句子可知，空处是宾语补足语，根据句意用形容词breathless“气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的”，符合句意，故填breathless。 15．He has great difficulty in catching (he) breath. 【答案】his 【详解】考查代词。句意：他很难屏住呼吸。此处为catch one's breath“屏住呼吸”，且主语为he，故应用形容词性物主代词his，故填his。 16．She was out of (breathe) from climbing the stairs. 【答案】breath 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：她爬楼梯上气不接下气。分析句子可知，设空处位于介词of后，应用名词，out of breath为固定搭配，表示“喘不过气、上气不接下气”。故填breath。 17．The accident caused some damage my car, but it’s nothing serious. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但并不严重。cause damage to 带给 ……损害。根据句意，故填to。 18．The airline’s insurer(保险公司)is responsible for (damage). 【答案】damages 【详解】考查名词复数形式。句意：这家航空公司的保险公司负责损害赔偿金。分析句子可知，for为介词，后应接名词；又因damage表示“损害赔偿金”时，要用复数形式。故填damages。 19．Actually, severe damage (do) to our land is of fairly recent origin in the history of our evolution (进化). 【答案】done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，在我们的进化历史过程中，对我们的土地造成的严重损害是相当近期的。“___ (do) to our land”作后置定语修饰名词damage，do damage to意为“对……造成破坏”为固定搭配，在句中动词do和句子主语severe damage构成逻辑上的动宾关系，设空处应填do的过去分词done表被动。故填done。 20．Untreated hearing loss can have a (destroy) impact on people’s ability to communicate, to study and to earn a living. 【答案】destructive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：未予治疗的听力损失会对人们的沟通、学习和谋生能力产生破坏性的影响。设空处在句中作定语修饰名词impact，形容词destructive“引起破坏的，毁坏性的”符合句意。故填destructive。 21．When, where, how, and to whom people display their specific nonverbal behaviour is greatly affected culture and context. 【答案】by 【详解】考查介词。句意：人们何时、何地、如何以及对谁表现其特定的非语言行为在很大程度上受到文化和环境的影响。短语be greatly affected by...在此处意为“被……极大地影响”。故填by。 22．Rescue workers were building (shelter) for survivors whose home had been destroyed. 【答案】shelters 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：救援人员正在为房屋被毁的幸存者建造避难所。根据下文的“survivors”可知，建造的避难所不止一个，空处应用可数名词shelter的复数形式。故填shelters。 23．Some parents are just too protective. They want to shelter their kids every kind of danger. 【答案】from 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：有些父母保护欲太强了。他们想保护他们的孩子免受各种危险。shelter...from...为固定搭配，表示“保护……、使……躲避”，此处指保护孩子们免受各种危险。故填from。 24． A lifetime in the zoo will have left animals too affected by years of (shelter) existence. 【答案】sheltered 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在动物园生活一辈子的动物会因为多年的庇护生活而受到太大的影响。根据句意和空格后的名词existence可知，空格处应该用shelter的形容词形式sheltered（受到保护的）作定语，修饰名词existence。故填sheltered。 三、完成句子 1．船员们安全获救了。 The crew safe and sound. 【答案】 was/were rescued 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。“救援”的英文为rescue，crew意为“船员，全体船员”，既可以指单数，也可以指复数，描述过去事件用一般过去时，主语与动词rescue之间存在被动关系，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was/were rescued。 2．他跳进河里去救一个溺水的孩子。 He jumped into the river to drowning. 【答案】 rescue a child from 【详解】考查动词不定式，名词，介词。表示“救助，营救”用rescue，“孩子”为child；表示“从……中用介词from”；此处表示的是目的，所以用动词不定式，已经有不定式的标志词to。故答案①rescue；②a；③child；④from。 3．人们前去营救她，把她送回了家。 People and sent her home. 【答案】 came to her rescue 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“前去营救某人”用动词短语come to one’s rescue表达，“前去营救她”表达为come to her rescue；分析题干以及句中“and sent her home”可知此句为一般过去时，come to her rescue中的come应用过去式came，与sent并列在句中作谓语动词，设空处填came to her rescue。故答案为①came；②to；③her；④rescue。 4．晒太阳过多会对你的皮肤造成严重损伤。 Too much sun can your skin. 【答案】 do/cause serious/severe damage to 【详解】考查动词短语。结合句意“造成严重损伤”短语为do/cause serious/severe damage to，且can后跟动词原形。故填do/cause serious/severe damage to。 5．我们对他们糟糕的生活条件感到吃惊。 We at their terrible living conditions. 【答案】 are/were shocked 【详解】考查时态和形容词。“感到吃惊”用形容词shocked表达，“对……感到吃惊”用短语be shocked at表达；根据句意“我们对他们糟糕的生活条件感到吃惊”可知此句既可表示陈述目前现状用一般现在时，也可表示陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；We作主语，be动词用复数，设空处填are/were shocked。故答案为①are/were；②shocked。 6．听说工厂将被迫关闭，我们十分震惊。 We were really that the factory would have to close. 【答案】 shocked to hear 【详解】考查形容词和动词。“震惊”用形容词shocked表达，在句中作表语，be shocked to do意为“因……而震惊”；“听说”用动词hear表达；“听说工厂将被迫关闭，我们十分震惊。”表达为We were really shocked to hear that the factory would have to close.；故答案为①shocked；②to；③hear。 7．他们应当尽一切努力使研究工作的成果只用于增进人类的福祉。 They should the outcome of their research serve only to advance humanity. 【答案】 make every effort to make 【详解】考查短语和动词。“尽一切努力”用动词短语make every effort to do sth表达；“使”用动词make表达；情态动词后跟动词原形，故此句表达为：They should make every effort to make the outcome of their research serve only to advance humanity.；故设空处应填①make；②every；③effort；④to；⑤make。 8．我们将与政府讨论这个问题，努力确保我们不陷入资金耗尽的境地。 We will discuss the matter with the government and we do not run out of funds. 【答案】 make efforts to ensure 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。“努力做某事”为make efforts to do，“确保”为动词ensure，由will可知，句子用的是一般将来时，此处make应用原形，故填make efforts to ensure。 9．如果有机会的话，我会竭尽全力把它做好。 If there is a chance, I’ll do it well. 【答案】 spare no effort to 【详解】考查动词短语。“竭尽全力做某事”用短语spare no effort to do sth表达；此句为主从复合句，根据句意以及空前“I’ll”可知主句为一般将来时，“我会竭尽全力把它做好”表达为I’ll spare no effort to do it well；结合题干可知设空处应填spare no effort to。故答案为①spare；②no；③effort；④to。 10．我感觉自己好像做错了什么。 I felt . 【答案】as if/ though I had done something wrong 【详解】考查表语从句和虚拟语气。“好像”as if/though表达，此句可表达为as if/though引导的从句，作felt的表语；“做错什么”用动词短语do something wrong表达；as if/though引导的表语从句表示与过去事实相反时用虚拟语气，由“I felt”可知此as if/though引导的从句用过去完成时，此句表达为：I felt as if/ though I had done something wrong.；故答案为as if/ though I had done something wrong。 ( 3 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$