精品解析：云南省昆明市第三中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷

昆明三中高2025届高三上学期第一次综合测试 英语试卷 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the young man probably do tomorrow morning? A. Her o his mother. B. Do his homework. C. Go to Peter’s house. 2. How many people will have dinner together tomorrow night? A. Two B. Three. C. Four. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The man’s company. B. Phone bills. C. Mistakes online. 4. What does the woman mean? A. The man needs to finish the book. B. The ending of the book will be boring. C. The man should check with his professor. 5. How does the woman probably feel? A. Hopeless. B. Nervous. C. Angry. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman think of the necklace? A. It is too old. B. It’s quite fancy. C. It’s simple but beautiful. 7. What does the woman mean? A. The necklace was too expensive. B. She would buy it after a short break. C. She would first check whether it is genuine. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where does the woman want to go? A. To Ocean Avenue. B. To Bradley Drive. C. To Parker Street. 9. When does the woman need to arrive? A. At 10:30. B. At 10:45. C. At 11:00. 10. What will the woman take to reach her destination? A. The man’s car. B. The express bus. C. A taxi. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. How did the woman know Jesse was in hospital? A. Jesse told her. B. The police called her. C. Dr. Andrews phoned her. 12. How might Jesse get injured? A. He crashed into a tree. B. He caused an accident. C. A tree fell on his car 13. What does the man want to do in a few hours? A. Pass some tests. B. Get something to eat. C. Give the woman more information. 听第9段材料， 回答第14至17题。 14. How often does the man go to the supermarket? A. Once a week. B. Once every two weeks. C. Once a month. 15. What does the woman offer to do for the man? A. Find some oranges for him. B. Help organize the locations. C. Share his opinion with her manager. 16. What is the man likely to buy? A. Bread. B. Soap. C. Pork. 17. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Saleswoman and customer. B. Manager and clerk. C. Hostess and guest. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. How many cities and towns does the subway system serve in San Francisco? A. Four. B. Five. C. Twelve. 19. What is the average speed of the trains? A. 35 miles per hour. B. 45 miles per hour. C. 80 miles per hour. 20 What can we learn about the subway system? A. Most of the stations are underground. B. Trains always come every 5 —10 minutes. C. The cost of a ticket depends on the distance. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A By our very rough calculations, Reader’s Digest has published some 35,000 articles in nearly 1,200 issues. These small pages have held some very big names, including U.S. presidents, world leaders, sports legends, and, indeed, the biggest contributors of all, everyday Americans with a story to tell. These are some of our proudest moments. How to Keep Young Mentally by Mary B. Mullett This first article in the first issue highlighted inventor Alexander Graham Bell and his belief in lifelong learning: “The first essential of any real education is to observe. Observe! Remember! Compare!” It was an appropriate beginning. reflecting our self-educated founder’s endless curiosity. I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes by Madge Harrah The morning of a family funeral, an acquaintance shows up unannounced and says, “I’ve come to clean your shoes.” He spends the day quietly shining every pair in the house. The writer ends with: “Now, whenever I hear of an acquaintance who has lost a loved one. I try to think of one specific task suiting that person’s need. And if the person says, ‘How did you know I needed that done?’ I reply, ‘it’s because a man once cleaned my shoes.’” Strange Encounter on Coho Creek by Morris Homer Erwin A miner spends days camping in the Alaskan wilderness, working hard to earn the trust of a mother wolf stuck in a trap before she and her four pups starve to death. Eventually, he is able to free her. Four years later, he encounters a wolf in the same meadow. Yes, the same wolf. When we shared this classic on rd.com in 2019, it went viral and it has now been read by many millions online and in print. How Honest Are We by Ralph Kinney Bennett Our famous “wallet drop” set up the ultimate test of honesty: If we left wallets in cities around the country, how many would be returned? Well over half, it turned out—67 percent. The most honest city? Seattle, whose upstanding residents returned nine out of ten wallets. 1. What do we know about the acquaintance in the story I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes? A. He shows concern by cleaning shoes. B. He cleans shoes at the owner’s request. C. He comforts the owner by telling his own story. D. He visits the house where the owner is severely sick. 2. Which article gained significant popularity online? A. How to Keep Young Mentally. B. I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes. C. Strange Encounter on Coho Creek. D. How Honest Are We. 3. Where can the text be found? A. In a history book. B. In a magazine. C. In a novel. D. In a brochure. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。《读者文摘》在近1200期中发表了约35,000篇文章，文章介绍了其中最令人自豪的时刻。 【1题详解】 细节理解题 根据第二个小标题I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes by Madge Harrah的最后一句话“if the person says, ‘How did you know I needed that done?’ I reply, it’s because a man once cleaned my shoes.’(如果这个人说，‘你怎么知道我需要做这件事?我回答说，“那是因为曾经有个人给我擦过鞋。”)”可知，这位擦鞋子的熟人做了力所能及的小事表达对已经失去亲人的朋友的关心。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三个小标题Strange Encounter on Coho Creek by Morris Homer Erwin中的“When we shared this classic on rd. com in 2019, it went viral and it has now been read by many millions online and in print.( 2019年，当我们在rd. com分享这部经典作品时，它迅速传播开来，现在已经有数百万人在网上和印刷品上阅读了它。)”可知，这个故事在网上被疯狂转发，非常受欢迎。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Reader’s Digest has published some 35,000 articles in nearly 1,200 issues. ...These are some of our proudest moments.(《读者文摘》在近1200期刊物上发表了35000篇文章。......这些是最令人自豪的时刻章)”可知，这篇文章是读者杂志和分享已经发表过的故事。故选B。 B I settled into my seat on a plane to Cuba feeling frustrated. When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples from rivers. That’s how I’d done fieldwork in Namibia and Bolivia. But not in Cuba, it seemed. Five days earlier, a Cuban scientist had emailed to inform me that we would only be meeting to talk about our planned project. Sampling would happen during a later trip. At the airport, one of my partners greeted me. We drove to the research center where he worked, and then toured every lab in the building. I met scientists, technicians, students and even the cook. I was impressed that I was introduced to each person. The lack of hierarchy (等级制度) was unlike anything I had experienced before in academia (学术界). The next day, we met again to brainstorm. Together, we looked at maps to plan how we were going to collect samples. Had it not been for the Cubans, I would have been unaware that the map I had left out some new reservoirs (水库) Local involvement and knowledge were key — making me wonder what I’d missed working without such a team in other places. Six months later, I flew back to Cuba and this time, we headed to the field. I was impressed again by the lengths to which my Cuban partners went to ensure that all team members were treated equally. We drove around Cuba in bright yellow minibuses, and each minibus had a mix of members at all seniority levels. In the field, all members sweated together. On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table. When a restaurant couldn’t accommodate the team without separating us, my partners insisted that we move on and find a place with a large enough table. In 26 years as a professor, I have never been a fan of academia’s hierarchy. I want everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team. But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely. They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science. 4. Why did the author feel frustrated in paragraph 1? A. He was asked to host a meeting in Cuba. B. He was told to change his planned project. C. He couldn’t do his work in his usual way in Cuba. D. He spent a long time waiting for his plane to Cuba. 5. What was wrong with the author’s map? A. It was torn up. B. It was outdated. C. It was too old to read. D. It was about another water area. 6. What can prove that the Cuban team didn’t have hierarchy? A. They drove minibuses to the field. B. They were friendly to the author. C. They worked in different groups. D. They had dinner at one table. 7. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. A fruitful trip in Cuba B. Impressed by a Cuban team C. Respect seniors in the team. D. You’ll never know until you try 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者去古巴的两次工作经历让他印象深刻。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“I settled into my seat on a plane to Cuba feeling frustrated. When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples from rivers. That’s how I’d done fieldwork in Namibia and Bolivia. But not in Cuba, it seemed. Five days earlier, a Cuban scientist had emailed to inform me that we would only be meeting to talk about our planned project. Sampling would happen during a later trip.”（在飞往古巴的飞机上，我坐在座位上，感到沮丧。当我计划这次旅行时，我以为我的古巴伙伴和我将直接去实地从河流中采集水样。我就是这样在纳米比亚和玻利维亚进行田野调查的。但在古巴似乎不是这样。五天前，一位古巴科学家发电子邮件通知我，我们见面只是为了讨论我们计划中的项目。采样将在以后的旅行中进行。）可知，作者感到沮丧是因为他不能在古巴以他通常的方式工作。故选C项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Had it not been for the Cubans, I would have been unaware that the map I had left out some new reservoirs (水库) Local involvement and knowledge were key — making me wonder what I’d missed working without such a team in other places.”（如果不是古巴人，我可能不会意识到我在地图上漏掉了一些新的水库。当地的参与和知识是关键——这让我想，在没有这样一个团队的情况下，我在其他地方会错过什么。）可知，作者在地图上漏掉了一些新的水库，由此可推知，作者的地图过时了。故选B项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table. When a restaurant couldn’t accommodate the team without separating us, my partners insisted that we move on and find a place with a large enough table.”（在旅行的最后一晚，我们找了一家能让我们14个人坐在一张桌子上的餐馆。当一家餐厅无法容纳我们的团队时，我的合作伙伴坚持要我们离开，找一个有足够大的桌子的地方。）可推知，他们在一张桌子上吃饭能证明古巴没有等级制度。故选D项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及“I was impressed that I was introduced to each person. The lack of hierarchy (等级制度) was unlike anything I had experienced before in academia (学术界).”（我被介绍给每个人，这让我印象深刻。没有等级制度是我在学术界从未经历过的。）和最后一段“In 26 years as a professor, I have never been a fan of academia’s hierarchy. I want everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team. But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely. They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science.”（在26年的教授生涯中，我从来不喜欢学术界的等级制度。我希望每个和我一起工作的人都觉得他们是团队的一部分。但我的古巴伙伴将团队合作提升到了另一个高度。他们清楚地表明，所有的团队成员都受到重视，每个人都是平等的，真正的团队合作有助于更好的科学。）可知，文章主要讲的是作者去古巴的两次工作经历让他印象深刻。故文章最适合的标题是“古巴团队给我留下了深刻的印象”。故选B项。 C We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss. But the most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But it’s not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting style. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion. Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships. I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood. Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more upsetting than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.” The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves. The most recognized reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether the helpful or the harmful is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel. Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone hates you in the back, it hurts more if he’s been friendly to your face. 8. Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy? A. Your neighbor’s kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time. B. Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later. C. Y our friend who encourages you to spend more time on study but less on smart phones. D. Your cousin who proposes you to do balance homework and sleep. 9 The underlined word “belittle” in paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. devalue B. appreciate C. respect D. abuse 10. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? A. Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being. B. The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship. C. Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done on purpose. D. The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is damaging. 11. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health B. Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic C. The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable D. Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究发现最有害的人际关系不是纯粹负面的关系，而是混合了正面和负面情绪的关系。这种关系被称为“亦敌亦友”的关系，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的关系。 8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We often call them frenemies, friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you.(我们经常称他们为友敌，即有时帮助你，有时伤害你的朋友。)”可知，“亦敌亦友”的人指的是有时候帮助你，有时候伤害你的人。选项B“Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later.(你的同学，一开始欣赏你的勤奋，后来怀疑你的聪明。)”符合这一表述。故选B。 【9题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion.(表扬你的工作却不给你升职的经理。)”可知，这类人帮助你又会贬低你。划线单词上文“watch your kids(照看你的孩子)”是帮助，由此可推测，划线单词的意思和“贬低”相似，即devalue。故选A。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood.(但被同一个贬低你的人鼓舞并不能减少你的坏心情；它增加了它们。它不仅存在于你的头脑中，还会在你的心脏和血液中留下痕迹。)”以及文章第五段“Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm.(即使是一个矛盾的相互作用也会造成伤害。)”可推测，矛盾相互作用的负面影响是破坏性的。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships.(每个人都知道这样的关系会让你的胃打个结。但由心理学家Bert Uchino和Julianne Holt-Lunstad领导的开创性研究表明，矛盾的关系可能会损害你的健康——甚至比纯粹的消极关系更有害。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是矛盾的关系是最有害的，因此最好的题目是B选项“Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic(最矛盾的关系是最有害的)”。故选B。 D The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive thinking skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves. Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether they could also be capable of feeling if they are that smart. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient (有感知的) remained academic. 15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about threat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and carefully scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not contribute to formal evidence of an emotion-like state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects. Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotine (尼古丁) and caffeine (咖啡因) when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotine when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating (交配) opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet. Why would insects consume mind-altering food if there isn’t a mind to alter? But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient. 12. What does the example of the wasps indicate? A. Insects show signs of intelligence. B. Insects can do complex calculations. C. Insects can socialize in a skillful way. D. Insects live in highly complex societies. 13. What was unexpected about the bumblebees’ behavior in the experiment? A. They avoided flowers with spiders. B. They settled on flowers despite threats. C. They might abandon spider-free flowers. D. They might get scared away by other insects. 14. What can be learned from the insects in the last but one paragraph? A. Insects struggle with drug addiction B. Bees use drugs for recreational purposes. C. Male fruit flies have a natural preference for alcohol. D. Insects are likely to possess a mind. 15. What does the text mainly discuss? A. What insects’ various behavior can reveal. B. How insects communicate their thoughts. C. What amazing powers insects possess. D. Whether insects are capable of feeling. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要探讨了昆虫是否也有感受。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive thinking skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves.(一些种类的黄蜂能认出它们的同伴的脸，并获得令人印象深刻的思维能力。例如，它们可以通过观察其他黄蜂之间的战斗来推断出其他黄蜂相对于自己的战斗力。)”可知，黄蜂的例子说明了昆虫有智力的迹象。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower.(然而，奇怪的是，它们有时甚至会逃离想象中的威胁，扫描并放弃一朵完全安全、没有蜘蛛的花。)”可知，在实验中，大黄蜂可能会放弃没有蜘蛛的花朵的行为是出乎意料的，故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotine (尼古丁) and caffeine (咖啡因) when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotine when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating (交配) opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet.(一些研究表明，昆虫可能有积极的心态。研究人员发现，当蜜蜂有选择的机会时，它们会主动寻找尼古丁和咖啡因等药物，甚至在生病时用尼古丁治疗自己。被剥夺交配机会而感到压力的雄性果蝇更喜欢含酒精的食物，蜜蜂甚至在从富含酒精的饮食中消失后会出现戒断症状。)”可知，我们可以从倒数第二段了解到昆虫很可能有思想。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether they could also be capable of feeling if they are that smart.(考虑到对昆虫认知复杂性的大量研究，科学家们花了这么长时间才提出这样的问题，如果它们真的那么聪明，它们是否也有能力感知，这似乎令人惊讶。)”可知，文章主要讨论了昆虫是否有感觉。故选D。 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. ___16___ And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing contributors is physical health. Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. ___17___ Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise. The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly, regular exercise gives the ability to stimulate the release of growth factors, chemicals in the brain that affect the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. ___18___ It will also reduce stress and anxiety. ___19___ Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. The benefits of exercise in terms of academic performance also apply to college students. According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. ___20___ A. There are loads of benefits of physical exercise. B. In fact, good grades are a result of multiple factors. C. As a consequence, it can boost our behaviour and thinking ability. D. Additionally, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood. E. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises do boost the cognitive performance of the brain. F. The benefits of exercise during the school day exceed those coming from increasing class time. G. Thus, physical activity should be seen as more a core educational concern than an insignificant option. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. D 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了体育运动对孩子学习的重要影响。 【16题详解】 根据上文“If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. (如果你认为孩子的学习成绩完全取决于学习时间，那你就大错特错了。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明好成绩是多种因素的结果。故B选项“事实上，好成绩是多种因素的结果。”符合语境，故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. (体育活动和健康实际上可以提高一个人的学习能力。根据一项研究，锻炼可以显著提高孩子的认知能力、健康状况和学习成绩。有规律的有氧运动可以增强海马体的功能，海马体是大脑中与学习和语言记忆有关的区域。)”以及后文“Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise .(甚至那些经常锻炼的人的前额叶皮层和内侧颞叶皮层——大脑中控制思维和记忆的部分——也比那些不锻炼的人的大脑更健康。)”可知，前后文都提到了提高记忆能力，推测本句是在说明运动对大脑其他能力的影响。故E选项“其他形式的运动，如平衡运动，确实能提高大脑的认知能力。”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据后文“It will also reduce stress and anxiety. (它也会减少压力和焦虑。)”可知，本句在说明运动的好处，后文it指代D选项中getting enough exercise。故D选项“此外，足够的运动可以改善睡眠质量和情绪。”符合语境，故选D。 【19题详解】 根据后文“Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. (研究表明，增加的学习时间并没有带来预期的学习效果。此外，如果在一天的前半部分或中午进行体育锻炼，而不是在一天结束时进行体育锻炼，那么体育锻炼对认知的最大好处就会显现出来。)”可知，后文提到了“增加的学习时间并没有带来预期的学习效果”，F选项中increasing class time对应后文added study length。故F选项“上学期间锻炼的好处超过了增加上课时间所带来的好处。”符合语境，故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. (根据北卡罗来纳州最近的一项研究，每周只需一小时的锻炼就能带来巨大的变化。)”可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出体育活动的重要性。故G选项“因此，体育活动应该被视为一个核心的教育问题，而不是一个无关紧要的选择。”符合语境，故选G。 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day. I had to sit outside and wait. Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written, and I hoped to get it ___21___. “What if the publisher didn’t ___22___ it?” I thought to myself. I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth. Eventually, I was led to the publisher’s office by his secretary. I still felt ___23___, but the kind smile he shared with me soon made me ___24___. I didn’t even own a ___25___ at the time, so he had to read my handwritten ___26___. Then he said, “I couldn’t like it enough and I would include it in the next week’s ___27___.” I jumped with joy and said, “Thanks, sir.” But I expected even more. I asked him if I could keep ___28___ for him each week. He thought for a moment and then ___29___. He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I wrote. I was so ____30____ that I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside. Little did I know that moment would ____31____ my life. That was almost 40 years ago. Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life. I ____32____ to write something new for my publisher—my friend each week. As I write, I ____33____. I’ve become a determined and patient person. Each time I learn something new, I ____34____ write it to get my friend to publish it. Without my friend, I would never be the ____35____ I am today. 21. A. published B. put away C. set aside D. cut down 22. A. explain B. want C. suspect D. lose 23. A. thrilled B. annoyed C. disappointed D. tense 24. A. panicked B. eased C. confused D. surprised 25. A. follower B. clue C. typewriter D. schoolroom 26. A. invitation B. chart C. application D. story 27. A. bill B. ban C. edition D. exhibition 28. A. writing B. detecting C. copying D. understanding 29. A. admitted B. agreed C. shook D. left 30. A. capable B. reliable C. grateful D. cheerful 31. A. change B. remind C. share D. end 32. A. learn B. continue C. hesitate D. regret 33. A. approve B. stretch C. bend D. grow 34. A. rarely B. casually C. routinely D. previously 35. A. author B. officer C. secretary D. publisher 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从第一次投稿到最终成为作家的经历。 【21题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我旁边放着一本我写的一页的短篇小说，我希望它能出版。A. published出版，发行；B. put away收起；C. set aside放弃；D. cut down削减。根据前文“I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day.”和“a one-page short novel I had written”可知，作者去报社投稿，希望自己的作品出版。故选A项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“要是出版商不想要呢?”我心想。A. explain解释；B. want想要；C. suspect怀疑；D. lose丢失。根据后文“I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.”可知，作者焦虑地想知道出版商是否想要他的作品。故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我仍然感到紧张，但他对我和蔼的微笑很快使我放松下来。A. thrilled激动的；B. annoyed恼怒的；C. disappointed失望的；D. tense紧张的。根据前文“I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth.”以及“still”可知，作者仍然感到紧张。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. panicked惊慌失措的；B. eased放松的；C. confused困惑的；D. surprised惊讶的。根据前文“but the kind smile he shared with me”可知，出版商的笑容使作者放松。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我甚至没有打字机，所以他不得不读我手写的故事。A. follower追随者；B. clue线索；C. typewriter打字机；D. schoolroom教室。根据后文“so he had to read my handwritten ___6___”可知，作者没有打字机，必须手写。故选C项。 26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. invitation邀请；B. chart图表；C. application应用，申请；D. story故事。根据前文“Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written”可知，作者投稿的作品是故事。故选D项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他说：“我太喜欢这篇文章了，我想把它登在下周的版本上。” A. bill账单；B. ban禁令；C. edition版本，（杂志）一期；D. exhibition展览。根据前文“I couldn’t like it enough”及后文“I jumped with joy”可知，作者的作品被选用了，要登在下周的版本上。故选C项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我问他我是否可以继续每周为他写作。A. writing写作；B. detecting查明；C. copying复制；D. understanding理解。根据语境和前文“I couldn’t like it enough and I would include it in the next week’s ___7___.”和“But I expected even more.”可知，作者的作品被选用了，作者希望能为报社继续写作。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想了一会儿，然后同意了。A. admitted承认；B. agreed同意；C. shook摇动；D. left离开。根据后文“He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I wrote.”可知，出版商同意了。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我高兴极了，一出门就在人行道上蹦蹦跳跳。A. capable有能力的；B. reliable可信赖的；C. grateful感激的；D. cheerful快乐的。根据语境和后文“I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside”可知，作者非常高兴。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全不知道那一刻会改变我的一生。A. change变化，改变；B. remind提醒；C. share分享；D. end结束。根据后文“Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life.”可知，作者投稿成功这件事改变了他的一生。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我每周都会继续为我的出版商——我的朋友——写一些新的东西。A. learn学习；B. continue继续；C. hesitate犹豫；D. regret后悔。根据前文“I asked him if I could keep ___8___ for him each week.”可知，作者继续为报社写作。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我写作时，我成长了。A. approve批准，赞成；B. stretch拉伸；C. bend弯曲；D. grow增长，成长。根据后文“I’ve become a determined and patient person.”可知，作者通过写作，得到成长。故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：每次我学到了新东西，我都惯常地把它写下来，让我的朋友发表。A. rarely很少；B. casually随便地；C. routinely常规地，惯常地；D. previously以前。根据前文“I ___12___ to write something new for my publisher—my friend each week.”以及“Each time I learn something new”可知，作者已经养成写作的习惯。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有我的朋友，我永远不会成为今天的作家。A. author作者，作家；B. officer官员；C. secretary秘书；D. publisher出版商。根据前文“Each time I learn something new, I ___14___ write it to get my friend to publish it.”可知，作者是个作家。故选A项。 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Layue is regarded as a preparatory phase for the upcoming Spring Festival. It is the ____36____ (twelve) month of the traditional Chinese calendar. ____37____ (fall) on January 18 this year, Laba Festival was traditionally ____38____ occasion to honor their ancestors, and pray to deities, heaven, and earth for a good harvest and good luck. The last lunar month is called “la” in Chinese, and “eight’’ is pronounced “ba” in Chinese. This is ____39____ the name of the festival comes from. The custom ____40____ this day is to eat Laba porridge, cooked with a mix of eight ingredients, as eight is a ____41____ (fortune) number in Chinese culture. ____42____ (it) recipe varies across China depending on regional availability. Nowadays, ____43____ (boil) with sugar for at least four hours, Laba Porridge is regarded as a nutritious food. Distribution of Laba porridge at Yonghe Lamasery (雍和宫) in Beijing is one of the most famous activities. Today, waiting ____44____ (eager) in queues at the temples, people _____45_____ (expect) to not just share a bowl of porridge, but be a part of the tradition and share the joys and expectations of the coming year. 【答案】36. twelfth 37. Falling 38. an 39. where 40. on 41. fortunate 42. Its 43. boiled 44. eagerly 45. are expecting 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统的腊月以及其中的重要节日——腊八节的相关文化习俗和意义。 【36题详解】 考查数词。句意：这是中国传统历法的第十二个月。根据下文“the traditional Chinese calendar(中国传统历法)”可知本句表达的是“第十二个月”，空白处应填序数词，故填twelfth。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：今年的腊八节是在1月18日，传统上，这是一个祭奠祖先、祈求神灵、天地赐予丰收和好运的日子。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语，因与其逻辑主语Laba Festival之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填Falling。 【38题详解】 考查冠词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，因空白处后面有名词occasion，根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词表示“一个”含义，又因空白处后面的名词的第一个发音音素为元音，应使用不定冠词an，故填an。 【39题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：这就是这个节日名称的来源。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，因空白处在表语从句中作状语表示地点，使用连接副词where连接表语从句，故填where。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：这一天的习俗是吃腊八粥，粥是由八种材料煮成的，因为八在中国文化中是一个幸运的数字。分析句子结构，on this day为固定短语，含义为“在这一天”，符合句意，故填on。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语修饰名词number表示属性，使用形容词，fortune为名词，其形容词为：fortunate，故填fortunate。 【42题详解】 考查代词。句意：它的配方在中国各地各不相同，取决于地区供应情况。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，修饰名词recipe，应使用所有格形式，故填Its。 【43题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，加糖熬制至少4个小时，腊八粥被视为营养丰富的食品。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语Laba Porridge之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填boiled。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：今天，在寺庙排队等候的人们，期待的不只是分享一碗粥，而是成为传统的一部分，分享来年的喜悦和期待。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语使用副词，故填eagerly。 【45题详解】 考查时态。句意：同上。分析句子结构，因句子描述目前正在进行的变化或发展趋势，使用现在进行时，故填are expecting。 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，写信给留学生朋友James，告知他国际学生服务中心（International Students Service Center）正面向留学生开展主题为My China Surprise的短视频征集活动，内容包括： 1. 活动介绍；2. 视频要求；3. 鼓励参加。 注意： 1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear James, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours. Li Hua 【答案】One possible version: Dear James, Good news! The International Students Service Center is organizing a video shooting contest themed “My China Surprise”, and I strongly recommend you give it a shot. All foreign students living in China are welcome to share their unexpected adventures, surprising moments and cultural revelations through the lens. There are no strict restrictions on the topics, allowing participants ample freedom to capture whatever they find captivating and intriguing. Submission is open until Jan. 15th, 2024, and there are very exciting prizes awaiting the winners. Considering your colorful life, singular creativity and considerable expertise in photography, your video will definitely make a very competitive entry. I’m looking forward to your excellent performance in the contest! Best wishes! Yours Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文为应用文。假定你是李华，写信给留学生朋友James，告知他国际学生服务中心（International Students Service Center）正面向留学生开展主题为My China Surprise的短视频征集活动，内容包括：1. 活动介绍；2. 视频要求；3. 鼓励参加。 【详解】1.词汇积累 竞赛：contest→competition 尝试一下：give it a shot→have a try 足够的：ample→enough 肯定：definitely→surely 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：All foreign students living in China are welcome to share their unexpected adventures, surprising moments and cultural revelations through the lens.  拓展句：All foreign students who live in China are welcome to share their unexpected adventures, surprising moments and cultural revelations through the lens.  【点睛】【高分句型1】The International Students Service Center is organizing a video shooting contest themed “My China Surprise”, and I strongly recommend you give it a shot.(运用了非谓语动词作后置定语和省略that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】There are no strict restrictions on the topics, allowing participants ample freedom to capture whatever they find captivating and intriguing.(运用了whatever引导的宾语从句) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I started karate (空手道) class a few years ago, I didn’t know a single person. I felt ashamed of having no idea how to do any of the moves. Even though I liked the learning part, I did not like the feeling-worse-than-everyone part! But one day after class while I was putting my shoes on, a girl named Abigail said, “That last kick we practiced is so hard for me, and you’re so good at it.” “You must have confused me with someone else,” I replied. “I’m not good at any of it.” “In that case, I’m in trouble,” she joked, “because you’re the one I stand behind and copy in class.” I laughed, “Seriously?” “Seriously!” she laughed, too. After that, we became great friends. However, a few months later when Abigail’s mom got a job in a different state and she had to move away, I was rather sad. I had a tough time dragging myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much. Then, a girl named Ava joined my class. She was always quiet. Until one day we finally had a conversation. “It must be weird (怪异的) being the new one in class.” I said. “So weird!” said Ava. “You do things really differently than we did at my old dojo (柔道馆).” I suddenly realized she’d been silent only because she was new. We started talking more, and we got along so well that we started hanging out after class. Then, almost a year later, guess who showed up at karate. “This is so cool.” I said, giving Abigail a huge hug. “What are you doing here?” “My mom’s job in New York didn’t work out,” she explained. “So we got to move back.” “That’s the best news ever!” I said. “You have to meet my dear friend Ava. And Ava, meet my dear friend Abigail.” I put my arms around their shoulders. Feeling very excited, I told them I hoped we could get along well and be close friends, while Abigail and Ava stared at each other with some hesitation and an uncertain smile. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Things seemed all right at first. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One day, I simply could not take it anymore. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 Things seemed all right at first. However, with time going by, conflicts emerged. Abigail always complained that every time I hung out with Ava, she was left alone, while Ava said that I paid more attention to Abigail, which drove her crazy, believing that our friendship was not what it used to be. Trapped in the dilemma, I, enveloped by the sense of sadness, still felt confused why things turned out to be that complicated, not knowing how to tackle the problem. Worse still, karate even became the most frightening thing to me. One day, I simply could not take it anymore. With tears streaming down my cheeks, I stopped them from arguing and said with a deep sigh, “Why can’t you get along with each other well? Both of you are my best friends.” Hearing my words, they didn’t utter a single word, sinking into a deep silence. After what seemed like a century, Ava finally placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around Abigail’s shoulders. Seeing this scene, I gasped with relief and burst into laughter. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者刚开始去学空手道的时候一个人也不认识，作者也因为不知道怎么做一些动作而感到羞愧，有一天一个叫Abigail的女孩告诉作者作者踢腿踢得很棒，从那以后她们成了好朋友，后来，Abigail搬走了，作者又认识了一个叫Ava的女孩，作者也和她成为了好朋友，后来Abigail也回来了，作者希望她们三人能相处得很好，成为亲密的朋友，而Abigail和Ava则有些犹豫地看着对方，脸上带着不确定的微笑。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“起初一切似乎都很顺利。”可知，第一段可描写后来Abigail和Ava出现矛盾，以及作者所面临的困境。 ②由第二段首句内容“有一天，我再也无法忍受了。”可知，第二段可描写作者解决Abigail和Ava之间的矛盾。 2.续写线索：出现矛盾——Abigail抱怨——Ava抓狂——作者困惑，不知如何解决问题——阻止她们争吵——作者说她们都是作者的好朋友——她们陷入沉默——拥抱——作者松了口气 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①出现：emerge/appear ②阻止某人做某事：stop sb. from doing/prevent sb. from doing ③陷入沉默：sink into a deep silence/fall into a deep silence 情绪类 ①伤心：sadness/sorrow ②害怕：frightening/dreadful 【点睛】[高分句型1] Abigail always complained that every time I hung out with Ava, she was left alone, while Ava said that I paid more attention to Abigail, which drove her crazy, believing that our friendship was not what it used to be. (由that引导的宾语从句，every time引导的时间状语从句，which引导的非限制性定语从句和what引导的表语从句) [高分句型2] After what seemed like a century, Ava finally placed her arm with apparently unaccustomed affection around Abigail’s shoulders. (由what引导的宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 昆明三中高2025届高三上学期第一次综合测试 英语试卷 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What will the young man probably do tomorrow morning? A. Her o his mother. B. Do his homework. C. Go to Peter’s house. 2. How many people will have dinner together tomorrow night? A. Two B. Three. C. Four. 3. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The man’s company. B. Phone bills. C. Mistakes online. 4. What does the woman mean? A. The man needs to finish the book. B. The ending of the book will be boring. C. The man should check with his professor. 5. How does the woman probably feel? A Hopeless. B. Nervous. C. Angry. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What does the woman think of the necklace? A. It is too old. B. It’s quite fancy. C. It’s simple but beautiful. 7. What does the woman mean? A. The necklace was too expensive. B. She would buy it after a short break. C. She would first check whether it is genuine. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Where does the woman want to go? A. To Ocean Avenue. B. To Bradley Drive. C. To Parker Street. 9. When does the woman need to arrive? A. At 10:30. B. At 10:45. C. At 11:00. 10 What will the woman take to reach her destination? A. The man’s car. B. The express bus. C. A taxi. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. How did the woman know Jesse was in hospital? A. Jesse told her. B. The police called her. C. Dr. Andrews phoned her. 12. How might Jesse get injured? A. He crashed into a tree. B. He caused an accident. C. A tree fell on his car 13. What does the man want to do in a few hours? A. Pass some tests. B. Get something to eat. C. Give the woman more information. 听第9段材料， 回答第14至17题。 14. How often does the man go to the supermarket? A. Once a week. B. Once every two weeks. C. Once a month. 15. What does the woman offer to do for the man? A. Find some oranges for him. B. Help organize the locations. C. Share his opinion with her manager. 16. What is the man likely to buy? A. Bread. B. Soap. C. Pork. 17. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A. Saleswoman and customer. B. Manager and clerk. C. Hostess and guest. 听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。 18. How many cities and towns does the subway system serve in San Francisco? A. Four. B. Five. C. Twelve. 19 What is the average speed of the trains? A. 35 miles per hour. B. 45 miles per hour. C. 80 miles per hour. 20. What can we learn about the subway system? A. Most of the stations are underground. B. Trains always come every 5 —10 minutes. C. The cost of a ticket depends on the distance. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A By our very rough calculations, Reader’s Digest has published some 35,000 articles in nearly 1,200 issues. These small pages have held some very big names, including U.S. presidents, world leaders, sports legends, and, indeed, the biggest contributors of all, everyday Americans with a story to tell. These are some of our proudest moments. How to Keep Young Mentally by Mary B. Mullett This first article in the first issue highlighted inventor Alexander Graham Bell and his belief in lifelong learning: “The first essential of any real education is to observe. Observe! Remember! Compare!” It was an appropriate beginning. reflecting our self-educated founder’s endless curiosity. I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes by Madge Harrah The morning of a family funeral, an acquaintance shows up unannounced and says, “I’ve come to clean your shoes.” He spends the day quietly shining every pair in the house. The writer ends with: “Now, whenever I hear of an acquaintance who has lost a loved one. I try to think of one specific task suiting that person’s need. And if the person says, ‘How did you know I needed that done?’ I reply, ‘it’s because a man once cleaned my shoes.’” Strange Encounter on Coho Creek by Morris Homer Erwin A miner spends days camping in the Alaskan wilderness, working hard to earn the trust of a mother wolf stuck in a trap before she and her four pups starve to death. Eventually, he is able to free her. Four years later, he encounters a wolf in the same meadow. Yes, the same wolf. When we shared this classic on rd.com in 2019, it went viral and it has now been read by many millions online and in print. How Honest Are We by Ralph Kinney Bennett Our famous “wallet drop” set up the ultimate test of honesty: If we left wallets in cities around the country, how many would be returned? Well over half, it turned out—67 percent. The most honest city? Seattle, whose upstanding residents returned nine out of ten wallets. 1. What do we know about the acquaintance in the story I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes? A. He shows concern by cleaning shoes. B. He cleans shoes at the owner’s request. C. He comforts the owner by telling his own story. D. He visits the house where the owner is severely sick. 2. Which article gained significant popularity online? A. How to Keep Young Mentally. B. I’ve Come to Clean Your Shoes. C. Strange Encounter on Coho Creek. D. How Honest Are We. 3. Where can the text be found? A. In a history book. B. In a magazine. C. In a novel. D. In a brochure. B I settled into my seat on a plane to Cuba feeling frustrated. When I planned the trip, I had assumed that my Cuban partner and I would go to the field directly to collect water samples from rivers. That’s how I’d done fieldwork in Namibia and Bolivia. But not in Cuba, it seemed. Five days earlier, a Cuban scientist had emailed to inform me that we would only be meeting to talk about our planned project. Sampling would happen during a later trip. At the airport, one of my partners greeted me. We drove to the research center where he worked, and then toured every lab in the building. I met scientists, technicians, students and even the cook. I was impressed that I was introduced to each person. The lack of hierarchy (等级制度) was unlike anything I had experienced before in academia (学术界). The next day, we met again to brainstorm. Together, we looked at maps to plan how we were going to collect samples. Had it not been for the Cubans, I would have been unaware that the map I had left out some new reservoirs (水库) Local involvement and knowledge were key — making me wonder what I’d missed working without such a team in other places. Six months later, I flew back to Cuba and this time, we headed to the field. I was impressed again by the lengths to which my Cuban partners went to ensure that all team members were treated equally. We drove around Cuba in bright yellow minibuses, and each minibus had a mix of members at all seniority levels. In the field, all members sweated together. On the last night of the trip, we searched for a restaurant that could seat all 14 of us at one table. When a restaurant couldn’t accommodate the team without separating us, my partners insisted that we move on and find a place with a large enough table. In 26 years as a professor, I have never been a fan of academia’s hierarchy. I want everyone working with me to feel as though they are part of a team. But my Cuban partners take teamwork to another level entirely. They make it clear that all team members are valued, that everyone is equal, and that true teamwork makes for better science. 4. Why did the author feel frustrated in paragraph 1? A. He was asked to host a meeting in Cuba. B. He was told to change his planned project. C. He couldn’t do his work in his usual way in Cuba. D. He spent a long time waiting for his plane to Cuba. 5. What was wrong with the author’s map? A. It was torn up. B. It was outdated. C. It was too old to read. D. It was about another water area. 6. What can prove that the Cuban team didn’t have hierarchy? A. They drove minibuses to the field. B. They were friendly to the author. C. They worked in different groups. D. They had dinner at one table. 7. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. A fruitful trip in Cuba B. Impressed by a Cuban team C. Respect seniors in the team. D. You’ll never know until you try C We often think about relationships on a scale from positive to negative. We are drawn to loving family members, caring classmates and supportive mentors. We do our best to avoid the cruel uncle, the playground bully and the jerk boss. But the most toxic relationships aren’t the purely negative ones. They’re the ones that are a mix of positive and negative. We often call them frenemies, friends who sometimes help you and sometimes hurt you. But it’s not just friends. It’s the in-laws who volunteer to watch your kids but belittle your parenting style. The manager who praises your work but denies you a promotion. Everyone knows how relationships like that can tie your stomach into a knot. But groundbreaking research led by the psychologists Bert Uchino and Julianne Holt-Lunstad shows that ambivalent (矛盾情绪的) relationships can be damaging to your health — even more than purely negative relationships. I had assumed that with a neighbor or a colleague, having some positive interactions was better than all negative interactions. But being cheered on by the same person who cuts you down doesn’t reduce the bad feelings; it increases them. And it’s not just in your head: It leaves a trace in your heart and your blood. Even a single ambivalent interaction can cause harm. In one experiment, people gave speeches on controversial topics in front of a friend who offered feedback. The researchers had randomly assigned the friend to give ambivalent or negative comments. Receiving mixed feedback caused higher blood pressure than pure criticism. “I would have gone about the topic differently, but you’re doing fine” proved to be more upsetting than “I totally disagree with everything you’ve said.” The evidence that ambivalent relationships can be bad for us is strong, but the reasons can be harder to read — just like the relationships themselves. The most recognized reason is that ambivalent relationships are unpredictable. With a clear enemy, you put up a shield when you cross paths. With a frenemy, you never know whether the helpful or the harmful is going to show up. Feeling unsure can disrupt the body’s calming system and activate a fight-or-flight response. It’s unsettling to hope for a hug while also preparing for a likely quarrel. Another factor is that unpleasant interactions are more painful in an ambivalent relationship. It’s more upsetting to be let down by people you like sometimes than by people you dislike all the time. When someone hates you in the back, it hurts more if he’s been friendly to your face. 8. Which of the following can be counted as a frenemy? A. Your neighbor’s kid who advises you to study hard but idles away his own time. B. Your classmate who admires your diligence at first, but doubts your intelligence later. C. Y our friend who encourages you to spend more time on study but less on smart phones. D. Your cousin who proposes you to do balance homework and sleep. 9. The underlined word “belittle” in paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. devalue B. appreciate C. respect D. abuse 10. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage? A. Ambivalent relationships have a permanent effect on your well-being. B. The common cause for high blood pressure is ambivalent relationship. C. Ambivalent interactions will be more painful if it is done on purpose. D. The negative impact of ambivalent interactions is damaging. 11. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A. Some Negative Relationships Are Bad for Your Health B. Your Most Ambivalent Relationships Are the Most Toxic C. The Reasons for Ambivalent Relationships Are Unpredictable D. Some Positive Relationships Are Better than All Negative Ones D The conventional wisdom about insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whose behavior is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discoveries about insect minds. Some species of wasps (黄蜂) recognize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive thinking skills. For example, they can infer the fighting strengths of other wasps relative to their own just by watching other wasps fight among themselves. Given the substantial work on the complexity of insect cognition (认知), it might seem surprising that it took scientists so long to ask whether they could also be capable of feeling if they are that smart. Since we have no direct window into the inner world of an animal that cannot verbally communicate its thoughts and feelings, the question of whether insects are sentient (有感知的) remained academic. 15 years ago, I performed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees could learn about threat from their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider model with a mechanism that would briefly trap a bumblebee between two sponges before releasing it. The bumblebees showed a significant change in their behavior after being attacked by the robotic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned to avoid flowers with spiders and carefully scanned every flower before landing. Curiously, however, they sometimes even fled from imaginary threats, scanning and then abandoning a perfectly safe, spider-free flower. Although this incidental observation did not contribute to formal evidence of an emotion-like state, it did open the door to the idea that such states might exist in insects. Some research suggested that insects might have positive states of mind. Researchers discovered that bees actively seek out drugs such as nicotine (尼古丁) and caffeine (咖啡因) when given the choice and even treat themselves with nicotine when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being robbed of mating (交配) opportunities prefer food containing alcohol, and bees even show withdrawal symptoms when removed from an alcohol-rich diet. Why would insects consume mind-altering food if there isn’t a mind to alter? But these suggestive hints of negative and positive mind states still fell short of what was needed to demonstrate that insects are sentient. 12. What does the example of the wasps indicate? A. Insects show signs of intelligence. B. Insects can do complex calculations. C Insects can socialize in a skillful way. D. Insects live in highly complex societies. 13. What was unexpected about the bumblebees’ behavior in the experiment? A. They avoided flowers with spiders. B. They settled on flowers despite threats. C. They might abandon spider-free flowers. D. They might get scared away by other insects. 14. What can be learned from the insects in the last but one paragraph? A. Insects struggle with drug addiction B. Bees use drugs for recreational purposes. C. Male fruit flies have a natural preference for alcohol. D. Insects are likely to possess a mind. 15. What does the text mainly discuss? A. What insects’ various behavior can reveal. B. How insects communicate their thoughts. C. What amazing powers insects possess. D. Whether insects are capable of feeling. 第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 If you thought that your child’s academic performance is based solely on the number of hours spent studying, you’re sorely wrong. ___16___ And one of the major, mostly ignored, influencing contributors is physical health. Physical activity and health can actually boost a person’s ability to learn. According to a study, exercise can improve a child’s cognitive abilities, health, and academic performance significantly. Regular aerobic exercise enhances the functioning of the hippocampus, the area of the brain involved in learning and verbal memory. ___17___ Even the prefrontal cortex and medial temporal cortex—parts of the brain that control thinking and memory—are found to be in better health in those who exercise regularly than in the brains of those who don’t exercise. The effect of exercise on memory and thinking is both direct and indirect. Directly regular exercise gives the ability to stimulate the release of growth factors, chemicals in the brain that affect the health of brain cells, as well as the survival of new brain cells. ___18___ It will also reduce stress and anxiety. ___19___ Studies show that the added study length doesn’t bring about the expected learning effects. Furthermore, the greatest cognitive benefits from physical education have been seen to come about when physical education is given either in the first half of the day or midday rather than at the end of the day. The benefits of exercise in terms of academic performance also apply to college students. According to a recent study in the North Carolina State, just an hour of exercise every week can bring about great changes. ___20___ A. There are loads of benefits of physical exercise. B. In fact, good grades are a result of multiple factors. C. As a consequence, it can boost our behaviour and thinking ability. D. Additionally, getting enough exercise will improve sleep quality and mood. E. Other forms of exercise like balance exercises do boost the cognitive performance of the brain. F. The benefits of exercise during the school day exceed those coming from increasing class time. G. Thus, physical activity should be seen as more a core educational concern than an insignificant option. 第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I drove 12 miles to the county newspaper office one day. I had to sit outside and wait. Beside me lay a one-page short novel I had written, and I hoped to get it ___21___. “What if the publisher didn’t ___22___ it?” I thought to myself. I was on pins and needles, and every now and then, I stood up and walked back and forth. Eventually, I was led to the publisher’s office by his secretary. I still felt ___23___, but the kind smile he shared with me soon made me ___24___. I didn’t even own a ___25___ at the time, so he had to read my handwritten ___26___. Then he said, “I couldn’t like it enough and I would include it in the next week’s ___27___.” I jumped with joy and said, “Thanks, sir.” But I expected even more. I asked him if I could keep ___28___ for him each week. He thought for a moment and then ___29___. He even said he would pay me five dollars for each new thing I wrote. I was so ____30____ that I skipped and danced on the sidewalk when I went outside. Little did I know that moment would ____31____ my life. That was almost 40 years ago. Now, I have my own studio and lead a better life. I ____32____ to write something new for my publisher—my friend each week. As I write, I ____33____. I’ve become a determined and patient person. Each time I learn something new, I ____34____ write it to get my friend to publish it. Without my friend, I would never be the ____35____ I am today. 21. A. published B. put away C. set aside D. cut down 22. A. explain B. want C. suspect D. lose 23. A. thrilled B. annoyed C. disappointed D. tense 24. A. panicked B. eased C. confused D. surprised 25. A. follower B. clue C. typewriter D. schoolroom 26. A. invitation B. chart C. application D. story 27. A. bill B. ban C. edition D. exhibition 28. A. writing B. detecting C. copying D. understanding 29. A. admitted B. agreed C. shook D. left 30. A. capable B. reliable C. grateful D. cheerful 31. A. change B. remind C. share D. end 32. A. learn B. continue C. hesitate D. regret 33. A. approve B. stretch C. bend D. grow 34. A. rarely B. casually C. routinely D. previously 35. A. author B. officer C. secretary D. publisher 第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Layue is regarded as a preparatory phase for the upcoming Spring Festival. It is the ____36____ (twelve) month of the traditional Chinese calendar. ____37____ (fall) on January 18 this year, Laba Festival was traditionally ____38____ occasion to honor their ancestors, and pray to deities, heaven, and earth for a good harvest and good luck. The last lunar month is called “la” in Chinese, and “eight’’ is pronounced “ba” in Chinese. This is ____39____ the name of the festival comes from. The custom ____40____ this day is to eat Laba porridge, cooked with a mix of eight ingredients, as eight is a ____41____ (fortune) number in Chinese culture. ____42____ (it) recipe varies across China depending on regional availability. Nowadays, ____43____ (boil) with sugar for at least four hours, Laba Porridge is regarded as a nutritious food. Distribution of Laba porridge at Yonghe Lamasery (雍和宫) in Beijing is one of the most famous activities. Today, waiting ____44____ (eager) in queues at the temples, people _____45_____ (expect) to not just share a bowl of porridge, but be a part of the tradition and share the joys and expectations of the coming year. 第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，写信给留学生朋友James，告知他国际学生服务中心（International Students Service Center）正面向留学生开展主题为My China Surprise的短视频征集活动，内容包括： 1. 活动介绍；2. 视频要求；3. 鼓励参加。 注意： 1. 词数80左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear James, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours. Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When I started karate (空手道) class a few years ago, I didn’t know a single person. I felt ashamed of having no idea how to do any of the moves. Even though I liked the learning part, I did not like the feeling-worse-than-everyone part! But one day after class while I was putting my shoes on, a girl named Abigail said, “That last kick we practiced is so hard for me, and you’re so good at it.” “You must have confused me with someone else,” I replied. “I’m not good at any of it.” “In that case, I’m in trouble,” she joked, “because you’re the one I stand behind and copy in class.” I laughed, “Seriously?” “Seriously!” she laughed, too. After that, we became great friends. However, a few months later when Abigail’s mom got a job in a different state and she had to move away, I was rather sad. I had a tough time dragging myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much. Then, a girl named Ava joined my class. She was always quiet. Until one day we finally had a conversation. “It must be weird (怪异的) being the new one in class.” I said. “So weird!” said Ava. “You do things really differently than we did at my old dojo (柔道馆).” I suddenly realized she’d been silent only because she was new. We started talking more, and we got along so well that we started hanging out after class. Then, almost a year later, guess who showed up at karate. “This is so cool.” I said, giving Abigail a huge hug. “What are you doing here?” “My mom’s job in New York didn’t work out,” she explained. “So we got to move back.” “That’s the best news ever!” I said. “You have to meet my dear friend Ava. And Ava, meet my dear friend Abigail.” I put my arms around their shoulders. Feeling very excited, I told them I hoped we could get along well and be close friends, while Abigail and Ava stared at each other with some hesitation and an uncertain smile. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150词左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Things seemed all right at first. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One day, I simply could not take it anymore. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$