2025年中考英语语法辨析：宾语从句&定语从句&专项练习

中考英语语法辨析:宾语从句&定语从句&专项练习 一、宾语从句 1.定义: 在复合句中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。它是动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。 2.引导词: (1)由 that 引导(that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略),that 在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用。例如:I think (that) he is a good student.(我认为他是个好学生。) 由 if/whether 引导,表示 “是否”。例如:I wonder if/whether he will come.(我想知道他是否会来。) (2) 由连接代词 who/whom/whose/what/which 等引导,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等成分。 例如:I don't know what he is doing.(我不知道他在做什么。) (3)由连接副词 when/where/why/how 等引导,在从句中作状语。例如:Could you tell me when he will come?(你能告诉我他什么时候来吗?) 3.语序: 宾语从句要用陈述句语序,即主语在前,谓语动词在后。 例如:He asked me where I was from.(他问我来自哪里。)而不是 “He asked me where was I from.”。 4.时态: (1)当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。 例如:I know he is a student.(我知道他是个学生。)/I will tell you what I will do.(我会告诉你我要做什么。) (2)当主句是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。例如:He said he was a student.(他说他是个学生。)/She asked if I had finished my homework.(她问我是否完成了作业。) (3)但如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、科学事实等,从句要用一般现在时。例如:The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.(老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。) 二、定语从句 1.定义: 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 2.引导词: A.关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose。 (1)that 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣。“book” 是先行词,that 在从句中作宾语。) (2)which 指物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 例如:The house which is near the river is mine.(河边的那座房子是我的。“house” 是先行词,which 在从句中作主语。) (3)who 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语。例如:The man who is talking to my father is a teacher.(正在和我父亲谈话的那个人是一位老师。“man” 是先行词,who 在从句中作主语。) (4)whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。例如:The man whom my father is talking to is a teacher.(我父亲正在和他谈话的那个人是一位老师。“man” 是先行词,whom 在从句中作宾语。) whose 既可以指人也可以指物,在从句中作定语。例如:I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.(我认识那个妈妈是老师的女孩。“girl” 是先行词,whose 在从句中作定语修饰 “mother”。) B.关系副词:when、where、why。 (1)when 表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。例如:I still remember the day when we met for the first time.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。“day” 是先行词,when 在从句中作时间状语。) (2)where 表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。例如:This is the place where we had a picnic last week.(这就是我们上周野餐的地方。“place” 是先行词,where 在从句中作地点状语。) (3)why 表示原因,在从句中作原因状语。例如:I know the reason why he was late.(我知道他迟到的原因。“reason” 是先行词,why 在从句中作原因状语。) 3.语序: 定语从句的语序也是陈述句语序。 4.注意事项: (1)关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 例如:The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is very interesting. (2) 当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词通常用 that 而不用 which。 例如:This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.(这是我去过的最美丽的城市。) 宾语从句 & 定语从句专项练习卷 一、单项选择(每题 3 分,共 45 分) 1.I don't know _ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. when D. where 2.The teacher told us that the earth _ around the sun. A. moves B. moved C. is moving D. will move 3.Can you tell me _ the meeting will start? A. what B. whether C. when D. where 4.This is the book _ I bought yesterday. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 5.The man _ is talking to my father is a doctor. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 6.I don't like the stories _ have unhappy endings. A. that B. who C. whose D. what 7.She asked me _ I had finished my homework. A. that B. if C. what D. when 8.Do you know the girl _ eyes are blue? A. that B. which C. whose D. who 9.The place _ we visited last week is very beautiful. A. where B. that C. when D. in which 10.I wonder _ he is doing now. A. what B. that C. how D. where 11.The boy _ I saw in the park yesterday is my classmate. A. that B. which C. who D. whom 12.The news _ he told me is very exciting. A. that B. which C. what D. who 13.I don't know the reason _ he was late for school. A. why B. that C. when D. where 14.This is the house _ my grandfather lived many years ago. A. that B. which C. where D. in which 15.She said _ she would come back the next day. A. that B. if C. when D. where 二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空(每题 3 分,共 30 分) 1. The man _ you met just now is my uncle. 2. The book _ I bought last week is very interesting. 3. The city _ I was born is very beautiful. 4. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time. 5. The reason _ he was late is that he missed the bus. 6. The girl _ hair is long is my sister. 7. The house _ he lives in is very old. 8. The movie _ we saw last night was wonderful. 9. The man _ is standing there is my teacher. 10. The place _ we went yesterday is a park. 三、将下列句子合并为含有定语从句或宾语从句的复合句(每题 5 分,共 25 分) 1. The man is my teacher. I saw him in the classroom. 2. I don't know the girl. She is standing over there. 3. The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday. 4. She asked me. Where is the library? 5. Do you know the time? The train leaves. 答案解析 一、单项选择 1. B。“I don't know” 后接宾语从句,根据句意 “我不知道他明天是否会来”,“是否” 用 if 或 whether,这里选项中只有 if,所以选 B。 2. A。“地球绕着太阳转” 是客观真理,宾语从句中表示客观真理时用一般现在时,所以选 A。 3. C。根据句意 “你能告诉我会议什么时候开始吗”,问的是时间,所以选 C。 4. A/B。先行词 “book” 是物,关系代词可以用 that 或 which,所以选 A 或 B。 5. A/D。先行词 “man” 是人,在从句中作主语,关系代词可以用 who 或 that,所以选 A 或 D。 6. A。先行词 “stories” 是物,且在从句中作主语,关系代词用 that,所以选 A。 7. B。“问是否完成作业”,“是否” 用 if 或 whether,所以选 B。 8. C。“…… 的眼睛”,表示所属关系,用 whose,所以选 C。 9. B/A。先行词 “place” 在从句中作宾语,关系代词可以用 that 或 which,也可以省略,所以选 B 或 A。 10. A。根据句意 “我想知道他现在在做什么”,问的是 “什么”,所以选 A。 11. A/C。先行词 “boy” 是人,在从句中作宾语,关系代词可以用 who 或 that 或 whom,这里选项中只有 A 和 C 符合,所以选 A 或 C。 12. A/B。先行词 “news” 是物,关系代词可以用 that 或 which,所以选 A 或 B。 13. A。先行词 “reason” 在从句中作原因状语,关系副词用 why,所以选 A。 14. C/A/D。先行词 “house” 在从句中作地点状语,关系副词用 where 或用 “介词 + which” 结构 in which,也可以用 that(此时 that 作宾语可省略),所以选 C 或 A 或 D。 15. A。“She said” 后接宾语从句,“她会第二天回来” 是陈述句,用 that 引导,所以选 A。 二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 1. who/whom/that。先行词 “man” 是人,在从句中作宾语,关系代词可以用 who、whom 或 that。 2. that/which。先行词 “book” 是物,关系代词用 that 或 which。 3. where。先行词 “city” 在从句中作地点状语,关系副词用 where。 4. when。先行词 “day” 在从句中作时间状语,关系副词用 when。 5. why。先行词 “reason” 在从句中作原因状语,关系副词用 why。 6. whose。“…… 的头发”,表示所属关系,用 whose。 7. that/which。先行词 “house” 是物,在从句中作宾语,关系代词用 that 或 which。 8. that/which。先行词 “movie” 是物,关系代词用 that 或 which。 9. who/that。先行词 “man” 是人,在从句中作主语,关系代词用 who 或 that。 10. that/which。先行词 “place” 是物,在从句中作宾语,关系代词用 that 或 which。 三、将下列句子合并为含有定语从句或宾语从句的复合句 1. The man who/that I saw in the classroom is my teacher. 2. I don't know the girl who is standing over there. 3. The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting. 4. She asked me where the library is. 5. 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