2024年中考英语专题复习:动词不定式 讲义
中考专题复习:非谓语动词之动词不定式
【课前一测】
1. Plan your time carefully and make sure you have some time what you like every day.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. done
2. Why not ____an English club to practice___English?
A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking
3. When we came to the gate, he stopped _____ me go in first.
A. to let B. to tell C. to allow D. to ask
4. If people ____ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere____.
A. keep; to live in B. will keep; to live in
C. keep; to live D. will keep; to live
5. It is important ____ the piano well.
A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing
【课题导入】
改一改:修改下列句子使之语法上正确。
1.We ask Tom play football.
2.My dream is be a doctor.
3.Go to a very good high school, you need to study hard.
4.Don’t forget locking the door.
7. It is very kind of you helping me.
【授之以渔】
一、概述
动词的非谓语形式:动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
非谓语动词形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式;其中分词又包含现在词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
动词不定式是非谓语动词形式中的一种。
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① 基本形式: 不定式符号to + V原形
否定形式:not to do
被动形式:to be done
完成形式:to have done
疑问形式:wh-疑问词 + to +do
② 动词不定式功能:具有名词、形容词和副词的特征, 即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语
状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟
语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
二、动词不定式用法
1、作主语
通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
例:To help animals is helping people.
常考经典句型(牢记):
It is adj + for sb to do sth 含义:做某事对于某人来说怎么样。adj描述事情
例: It is very easy for us to learn Chinese well.
学好汉语对于我们来说很容易。(easy描述学好汉语)。
It is adj + of sb to do sth 含义:做某事,某人怎么样。adj修饰人,表示人的性格和品德。
例: It is kind of you to help me. 帮助我,你真是太友好了。
It is cruel of Guangxi people to kill dogs for meat. 杀狗吃肉,广西人真是太残忍了。
It takes sb + 时间 + to do sth 含义:做某事花费某人多长时间
例: It took me half an hour to work out this problem.
花了我半个小时解决这个问题。
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2、作宾语
(1) 及物动词 + to do
谓语动词 (vt.) + 不定式 (常考固定搭配) | |
want(想) / try(试图) / decide(决定) / would like(想要) / hope(希望) / love(喜爱) / learn(学会) / afford(提供) / agree(同意) / fail(失败、未能) / mean(意味着) / prefer(宁愿) / wish(希望) | + to do |
例:I would like to have a rest at the moment .我现在想休息一下。
They began to search the room for the thief. 他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷。
He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house. 他喜爱在靠家的水塘里泳。
When did you learn to speak English? 你什么时候开始学英语的?
Don’t forget to close the door when you leave. 你离开时别忘了关门。
(2) 及物动词 + to do与 及物动词 + doing意义上的区别(常考)
remember to do 记得去做......... | remember doing 记得做过......... |
forget to do 忘记去做......... | forget doing 忘记做过............ |
stop to do 停下来去做...(另一件事情) | stop doing 停止做......(一直在做的事情) |
try to do努力做…… | try doing尝试做…… |
mean to do 计划去做....... | mean doing 意味做.......... |
go on to do 继续做..... (另一件事情) | go on doing(一直在做的事情) |
[比较] He forgot to turn off the light. 他忘了关灯。 (没关)
He forgot turning off the light. 他忘记关过灯。 (关了)
Please remember to ring me up. 记得给我打电话。(还没打电话)
I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.
我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了。(打过电话)
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