Unit 5 Section Ⅱ Using language（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性选择性必修2同步练测（外研版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第50页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．After absorbing(吸收)polluted water, the plants grow worse and worse. 2．Plants draw minerals and other nutrients(养分)from the soil. 3．Warm the sugar slightly first to make it dissolve(溶解)quicker. 4．The bears are eventually released(释放)into the wild． 5．The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals(化学品)in agriculture. Ⅱ.短语填空 rely on；feed on；prey on；take in；in existence 1．Owls feed on mice and other small animals. 2．If you want to improve the ecology, you must rely on the joint effort of the villagers. 3．Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights. 4．Everybody loves to play board games sometimes, but it is surprising to know how long the games have been in existence． 5．The lions in this area prey on deer and other wild animals. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．His computer broke down so he couldn't hand in his homework. 2．The association was set up to preserve endangered species from dying out． 3．All these noises made it impossible for me to go(go)on with the work. 4．I would appreciate it if you could help me to post the letter. 5．The official made it clear that he would do everything possible to solve the problem. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．The late twentieth century saw/witnessed the rapid development of China's economy. 二十世纪末见证了中国经济的迅速发展。 2．We wouldn't have finished the work without your help. 没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成这项工作。 3．I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来，我会很感激的。 4．Generally speaking, the Internet makes it possible for people to get the information they need quickly. 一般来说，互联网使人们能够快速获得他们需要的信息成为可能。 5．I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 我认为掌握一门外语不靠大量的记忆是不可能的。 Ⅴ.语段填空(用本单元所学语法完成下列语篇) I think 1.it important to protect the environment.But some people take it for granted 2.that the resources are endless, which has caused great harm to nature.Other people feel it urgent 3.to protect(protect)the environment and save resources.Therefore, we should see to 4.it that effective measures should be taken to prevent pollution.At last, I think 5.it our duty to protect the earth. [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (广州高二期末)Everyone needs a buddy, even sharks.Sharks are often described as Hollywood monsters, the lone wolves hiding in the deep, hunting for prey.But that description of sharks is increasingly out of step with what scientists are learning about the animals.Instead, they say, some species of sharks are social creatures who return day after day to a group of the same fellow sharks. Papastamatious's team studied gray reef sharks living in the waters off Palmyra Atoll Island．They attached small location transmitters to track the animals' movements around the reef.After tracking the sharks for four years, the researchers found that the same groups of sharks frequently returned to the same parts of the reef repeatedly.They also found that some of the groups stuck together longer than previous studies have observed． The sharks might be motivated to stay together, Papapastamatious says, because it makes hunting for food easier.“If we hang out together and I see something, then you can come and try and take advantage of that，”he says.“And alternatively, if you see something, then I can try and take advantage of that.” He emphasizes that the sharks don't hunt together, but says that as long as the group isn't too large—which would raise competition and conflict—socializing appears to benefit the sharks.And that may be one of the factors that led to sociality in the species. David Shiffman, who studies sharks' ecology and conservation at Arizona State University, says he was surprised to learn the sharks stuck together for so long.“I mean, I don't have a lot of friends I do that with，”he jokes. Sharks are amazing creatures, Shiffman says.In addition to knowing where to grab a bite by watching their friends, he says, some species of sharks can also learn to solve simple puzzles, just by watching other sharks solve them.Given their intelligence and social abilities, he says perhaps it's time to drop prejudices about sharks.“It turns out that they are a lot smarter than most people think, and they have some complex ability to process their environment and learn and change，” Shiffman says. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。科学家发现一些种类的鲨鱼是群居动物，它们日复一日地回到同一群鲨鱼身边，文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现。 1．Why do some sharks keep together? A．To go back to the same reef. B．To have fun. C．To scare other sharks away. D．To hunt for food with ease. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“The sharks might be motivated to stay together, Papastamatious says, because it makes hunting for food easier.(Papastamatious说，鲨鱼可能会被激励待在一起，因为这样可以更容易猎食。)”可知，有些鲨鱼会聚集在一起是为了轻松地寻找食物。故选D。 答案　D 2．In which group may sharks like socializing? A．A large group. B．A competitive group. C．A small group. D．A group filled with conflicts. 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“He emphasizes that the sharks don't hunt together, but says that as long as the group isn't too large—which would raise competition and conflict—socializing appears to benefit the sharks.(他强调，鲨鱼不会一起捕猎，但他说，只要群体不是太大——这会增加竞争和冲突——群居似乎对鲨鱼有利。)”可知，鲨鱼喜欢在小群体中聚集。故选C。 答案　C 3．What can be inferred about sharks from their behaviour? A．They are still developing. B．They are intelligent. C．They are hiding themselves. D．They are aggressive. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“It turns out that they are a lot smarter than most people think, and they have some complex ability to process their environment and learn and change(事实证明，它们比大多数人认为的要聪明得多，它们拥有处理环境、学习和改变的复杂能力)”可知，从鲨鱼的行为可以推断出它们很聪明。故选B。 答案　B 4．Where is this text probably from? A．A science magazine. B．A travel brochure. C．An encyclopedia． D．A news remark. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone needs a buddy, even sharks.Sharks are often described as Hollywood monsters, the lone wolves hiding in the deep, hunting for prey.But that description of sharks is increasingly out of step with what scientists are learning about the animals.Instead, they say, some species of sharks are social creatures who return day after day to a group of the same fellow sharks.(每个人都需要朋友，鲨鱼也不例外。鲨鱼经常被描述为好莱坞的怪物，孤独的狼躲藏在深处，寻找猎物。但是，这种对鲨鱼的描述与科学家们对这种动物的了解越来越不一致。相反，他们说，一些种类的鲨鱼是群居动物，它们日复一日地回到同一群鲨鱼身边。)”结合文章主要说明了科学家发现一些种类的鲨鱼是群居动物，它们日复一日地回到同一群鲨鱼身边，并且介绍了这项研究开展的过程以及研究发现。可推知，文章可能来自科学杂志。故选A。 答案　A B (宜宾高二调研)As is commonly known, Antarctica is an icy continent with extreme environment.However, a new study provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past. The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica．In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old．At that period, dinosaurs were the ruler animals of the land． Johann Klages, a German geologist, was the lead writer of a study on the findings, published in the journal Nature.He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor.Klages said an examination showed that the material didn't form in the ocean. The researchers estimate that the area—about 900 kilometers from the South Pole had average yearly temperatures of about 12℃ to 13℃.The soil included fine dirt particles and hard clay, as well as substances linked to at least 65 different kinds of plants, the study found．Although no animal remains were found, Klages said there were likely dinosaurs, flying reptiles and many insects in the environment. The research represents new evidence of the major climate changes Earth experienced in the past and is currently undergoing today.The soil in the sediment dates back to the planet's warmest period of the past 140 million years, with sea level about 170 meters higher than today.The researchers said that the rainforest environment in Antarctica was especially surprising because each year, the area experiences a four­month polar night when there is no sunlight to fuel plant life.Klages said no ice sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely. [语篇导读]　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项新的研究表明南极洲过去曾有过雨林，介绍了这项研究发现得出的经过以及这项研究为地球过去经历过的主要气候变化提供了新的证据。 5．What can we learn about the sediment collected? A．It formed in the age of dinosaurs. B．It was found on the Antarctica land． C．Ancient forest material was found in it. D．Some dinosaur remains were found in it. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica．In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old．(研究人员从南极洲海岸附近的海底收集了一块地球沉积物。在沉积物中，他们发现了估计有9 000万年历史的森林物质。)”可知，在收集的沉积物中发现了古代森林物质。故选C。 答案　C 6．How did the researchers reach their findings? A．By analyzing the Earth sediment. B．By exploring ice in Antarctica． C．By collecting data on climate. D．By researching special plants. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers collected a piece of Earth sediment from under the seafloor off the coast of Antarctica．In the sediment, they discovered forest material that was estimated to be about 90 million years old．”以及第三段“Johann Klages, a German geologist, was the lead writer of a study on the findings, published in the journal Nature.He said the sediment was collected from a depth of about 30 meters below the ocean floor.Klages said an examination showed that the material didn't form in the ocean.(德国地质学家Johann Klages是一项关于这些发现的研究的主要作者，该研究发表在《自然》杂志上。他说，这些沉积物是从海底大约30米以下的深度收集的。Klages说，一项检查表明，这种物质不是在海洋中形成的。)”可知，研究人员是通过分析地球沉积物得出他们的发现的。故选A。 答案　A 7．What can be indicated in the last paragraph? A．Seasonal snowfall made the forest disappear. B．Antarctica was much colder 140 million years ago. C．Antarctica's natural environment has changed greatly. D．Polar nights in Antarctica are getting shorter than before. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The research represents new evidence of the major climate…sheets were present during the time, but seasonal snowfall was likely.(这项研究为地球过去经历过的主要气候变化提供了新的证据，而且现在正在经历。沉积物中的土壤可以追溯到过去1.4亿年地球上最温暖的时期，当时的海平面比现在高出约170米。 研究人员说，南极洲的热带雨林环境特别令人惊讶，因为每年该地区都会经历4个月的极夜，没有阳光为植物提供燃料。Klages说，在那段时间里没有冰盖，但有可能是季节性降雪。)”可推知，最后一段说明了南极洲的自然环境发生了很大的变化。故选C。 答案　C 8．What is the main idea of the text? A．Rainforest disappeared from Antarctica． B．Antarctica had a different history of climate. C．Researchers studied a piece of Earth sediment of Antarctica． D．Antarctica had an extreme environment containing ice and snow. 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“As is commonly known, Antarctica is an icy continent with extreme environment.However, a new study provides evidence that the area had a rainforest in the past.(众所周知，南极洲是一个冰雪覆盖的大陆，环境极其恶劣。然而，一项新的研究提供了证据，证明该地区过去曾有过雨林。)”结合文章主要说明了一项新的研究表明南极洲过去曾有过雨林，介绍了这项研究发现得出的经过以及这项研究为地球过去经历过的主要气候变化提供了新的证据。可知，这篇文章的主旨是南极洲有一个不同的气候历史。故选B。 答案　B Ⅱ.完形填空 Whale watching is becoming an increasingly popular industry. You'll never forget your first whale. The impact it has upon you is enormous and life is never quite the same again. My first was a 40­foot grey whale, off the coast of California, and I've been a whale 1 since then. Now, I have to go whale watching regularly just to be able to survive boring daily life. I may be crazy, but I am certainly not alone. The world has no 2 of devoted whale watchers: Since its beginnings in the mid­1950s, whale watching has grown rapidly, with more than 13 million people joining organized whale watching trips every year now. The trouble is that a few hours of whale watching simply isn't 3 ： You go out in the morning and, by lunchtime, you are planning your next trip; by teatime, you are planning the one after that. Before you even realize it is happening, all of your holidays have suddenly started to 4 whales; the only books you read are ones about whales; you wear whale T­shirts, and every time you meet your friends, you talk about whales. So what is it about these larger­than­life animals that makes them so 5 ？ Their sheer 6 is one possible explanation: Imagine sitting in a small boat next to a blue whale almost as long as a Boeing 737; only a cold rock could remain 7 by an experience like that. The fact that we know so little about them is another 8 ： Modern technology has taken us to the moon and beyond, yet we are only just beginning to 9 these extraordinary forms of intelligent life on our own planet. They are great fun to watch, too: Humpback whales, 10 ， routinely leap into the air and land back in the water with a tremendous splash. Then there is the 11 —and deeply moving—level of trust that many whales display towards people. We have hunted them without 12 for untold years, with cruel, explosive harpoons(鱼叉), until they were on the edge of extinction(we still hunt them today, even though 13 ). Yet they seem to have 14 us for all those years of greed and cruelty and they trust us, when we don't really deserve to be 15 . It's a truly humbling experience when an enormous whale comes alongside your boat and greets you like an old friend． [语篇导读]　这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲作者观鲸的体验以及感受。 1．A．lover　　　　　　　 B．agent C．organizer D．trainer 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：我第一次看见的是一头40英尺长的灰鲸，在加利福尼亚海岸，从那以后我就成了爱鲸的人。 A．lover(情人，热爱者)；B．agent(代理人)；C．organizer(组织者)；D．trainer(教练)。由下文“I may be crazy”可知，作者成为对鲸鱼的热爱者。故选A。 答案　A 2．A．fear B．knowledge C．shortage D．experience 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：世界上不乏忠实的观鲸者：自20世纪50年代中期开始，观鲸活动迅速发展，现在每年有1300多万人参加有组织的观鲸旅行。A．fear(害怕)；B．knowledge(知识)；C．shortage(短缺)；D．experience(经验)。由“with more than 13 million people joining organized whale watching trips every year now”可知，世界不缺乏观鲸者。故选C。 答案　C 3．A．flexible B．possible C．generous D．enough 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：问题是，仅仅看几个小时的鲸鱼根本不够：你早上出去，到午餐时间，你就在计划下一次旅行；下午茶时间，你正在计划之后的一次。A．flexible(灵活的)；B．possible(可能的)；C．generous(慷慨的)；D．enough(足够的)。由“You go out in the morning and, by lunchtime, you are planning your next trip; by teatime, you are planning the one after that.”可知，仅几小时的观鲸体验并不够，所以又开始安排下次和下下次观鲸活动了。故选D。 答案　D 4．A．figure out B．center around C．move about D．put forward 解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意：在你意识到这一切发生之前，你所有的假期都突然开始以鲸鱼为中心。A．figure out(弄明白)；B．center around(围绕)；C．move about(移动)；D．put forward(提出)。由上文“You go out in the morning and, by lunchtime, you are planning your next trip; by teatime, you are planning the one after that.”可知，所有的假期计划几乎都围绕着观鲸。故选B。 答案　B 5．A．capable B．strange C．special D．tamed 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：那么，这些有传奇色彩的动物是什么让它们如此特别呢？A．capable(能干的)；B．strange(奇异的)；C．special(特殊的，特别的)；D．tamed(驯服的)。由下文“a blue whale almost as long as a Boeing 737”可知，鲸鱼几乎和波音737一样巨大，所以是非常特别的。故选C。 答案　C 6．A．history B．number C．presence D．size 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：它们的巨大体型是一种可能的解释：想象一下，坐在一艘小船上，旁边是一头几乎和波音737一样长的蓝鲸；只有冰冷的岩石才能对这样的经历无动于衷。A．history(历史)；B．number(编号)；C．presence(存在)；D．size(尺寸)。由“a blue whale almost as long as a Boeing 737”可知，这里指的是尺寸。故选D。 答案　D 7．A．unmoved B．surprised C．undetected D．surrounded 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：它们的巨大体型是一种可能的解释：想象一下，坐在一艘小船上，旁边是一头几乎和波音737一样长的蓝鲸；只有冰冷的岩石才能对这样的经历无动于衷。A．unmoved(不为所动的，纹丝不动的)；B．surprised(吃惊的)；C．undetected(未被发现的)；D．surrounded(被包围的)。由“a cold rock”以及常识可知，坚硬的岩石是纹丝不动的。故选A。 答案　A 8．A．perspective B．possibility C．problem D．prospect 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：事实上，我们对它们知之甚少是另一种可能性：现代技术已经把我们带到了月球和更远的地方，但我们才刚刚开始了解我们自己星球上这些非凡的智能生命形式。A．perspective(观点)；B．possibility(可能性)；C．problem(问题)；D．prospect(展望)。由上文“Their sheer 6 is one possible explanation”可知，这里指另一种可能的解释。故选B。 答案　B 9．A．discover B．raise C．understand D．witness 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：事实上，我们对它们知之甚少是另一种可能性：现代技术已经把我们带到了月球和更远的地方，但我们才刚刚开始了解我们自己星球上这些非凡的智能生命形式。A．discover(发现)；B．raise(提高)；C．understand(理解)；D．witness(目击)。由“Modern technology has taken us to the moon and beyond”以及yet表转折可知，对外太空我们已经很了解了，但对鲸鱼我们才刚开始理解。故选C。 答案　C 10．A．by contrast B．in particular C．at length D．for example 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：它们也很有趣：例如，座头鲸经常跳到空中，然后随着巨大的飞溅声回到水中。A．by contrast(相比)；B．in particular(特别)；C．at length(最后)；D．for example(例如)。由“They are great fun to watch, too”可知，举例说明它们很有趣。故选D。 答案　D 11．A．enduring B．frustrating C．interesting D．striking 解析　考查形容词辨析。句意：然后是许多鲸鱼对人类表现出的惊人的、令人感动的信任。A．enduring(持久的)；B．frustrating(令人沮丧的)；C．interesting(有趣的)；D．striking(惊人的)。由下文“and deeply moving—level of trust that many whales display towards people”以及语境可知，鲸鱼对人类表现出惊人的信任。故选D。 答案　D 12．A．difficulty B．opposition C．pity D．question 解析　考查名词辨析。句意：多年来，我们一直用残忍、爆炸性的鱼叉毫无怜悯地猎杀它们，直到它们濒临灭绝(我们今天仍在猎杀它们，尽管数量很少)。A．difficulty(困难)；B．opposition(反对)；C．pity(可怜，怜悯)；D．question(问题)。由“with cruel, explosive harpoons”可知，我们毫无怜悯捕杀鲸鱼。故选C。 答案　C 13．A．in a normal way B．in a smaller number C．to a larger degree D．by a larger amount 解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意：多年来，我们一直用残忍、爆炸性的鱼叉毫无怜悯地猎杀它们，直到它们濒临灭绝(我们今天仍在猎杀它们，尽管数量很少)。A．in a normal way(以正常方式)；B．in a smaller number(以较小的数目地)；C．to a larger degree(更大程度地)；D．by a larger amount(以更大数额)。由“we still hunt them today”以及 even though可知，即使少量地鲸鱼，但我们还是在捕杀。故选B。 答案　B 14．A．challenged B．forgiven C．imitated D．rejected 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：当我们真的不值得信任时，它们仍似乎原谅了我们多年来的贪婪和残忍，它们仍信任我们。A．challenged(挑战)；B．forgiven(原谅)；C．imitated(模仿)；D．rejected(拒绝)。由“they trust us”可知，鲸鱼原谅了我们并还对我们充满信任。故选B。 答案　B 15．A．trusted B．shocked C．protected D．united 解析　考查动词辨析。句意：当我们真的不值得信任时，它们仍似乎原谅了我们多年来的贪婪和残忍，它们仍信任我们。A．trusted(信任)；B．shocked(震惊)；C．protected(保护)；D．united(联合)。由上文“we still hunt them today”可知，我们不值得鲸鱼的信任。故选A。 答案　A Ⅲ.语法填空 (新乡高二期中)In the office of remote sensing scientist Liu Shaochuang, there is 1.____ huge photograph of a camel he took a decade ago in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Wearing camouflage(伪装), he lay for hours by a pool of water in the Gobi Desert 2.____ (obtain)the image. Living in the harsh deserts in northwestern China and southwestern Mongolia, the even­toed camel is listed as 3. (critical)endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Experts evaluate that the population of this species is currently less than 1，000, of 4. around 650 are in China． Since 2012, Liu 5. (lead)a team in tracking and studying wild camels 6.____ (use)satellite remote sensing technology. 7. zoologists who focus on species, Liu has instead studied the interrelationship between endangered animals and their environment, which he believes will help develop a few better protection 8. (strategy)in the face of climate change. In the run­up to World Wildlife Day on March 3, Liu's research was held up as a successful example of 9. advanced space technology can benefit animal protection efforts on Earth. Liu works at the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His studies have covered many fields, including polar region 10.____ (science)expeditions and mapping the headwaters of great rivers across the globe. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了遥感科学家刘少创利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野骆驼的经历，以及他的研究领域和取得的成就。 1．解析　考查冠词。句意：在遥感科学家刘少创的办公室里，有一张他十年前在新疆维吾尔自治区拍摄的骆驼的巨幅照片。空处表示泛指，意为“一张，一幅”，应用不定冠词，且huge的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a。故填a。 答案　a 2．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：他穿着迷彩服，在戈壁沙漠的一个水池旁躺了数小时，以获得这张照片。分析句子结构可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作目的状语，表示“为了”，应用不定式形式。故填to obtain。 答案　to obtain 3．解析　考查副词。句意：生活在中国西北部和蒙古西南部恶劣的沙漠中，野生双峰驼被世界自然保护联盟列为极度濒危动物。空处作修饰endangered的状语，应用副词critically，意为“严重地，极大程度上”。故填critically。 答案　critically 4．解析　考查定语从句。句意：专家估计，目前该物种的数量不到1000头，其中约650头在中国。分析句子结构可知，空处和空前的of构成“介词＋关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词1，000作补充说明，先行词指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 答案　which 5．解析　考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自2012年以来，刘带领一个团队利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野骆驼。空处作谓语，时间状语为Since 2012，动作从过去开始发生，可以用现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响，也可以用现在完成进行时表示动作会继续进行下去，主语Liu为单数，助动词用has。故填has led/has been leading。 答案　has led/has been leading 6．解析　考查非谓语动词。句意：自2012年以来，刘带领一个团队利用卫星遥感技术跟踪和研究野骆驼。空处作方式状语，表示跟踪和研究野骆驼的方式，应用现在分词形式。故填using。 答案　using 7．解析　考查介词。句意：与关注物种的动物学家不同，刘研究的是濒危动物与环境之间的相互关系，他认为这将有助于在气候变化面前制定一些更好的保护策略。下文说明刘关注的是濒危动物与环境之间的相互关系，因此这与关注物种的动物学家不同，空处应用意为“不同于，不像”的介词unlike，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Unlike。 答案　Unlike 8．解析　考查名词的数。句意：与关注物种的动物学家不同，刘研究的是濒危动物与环境之间的相互关系，他认为这将有助于在气候变化面前制定一些更好的保护策略。根据a few可知，此处指一些更好的保护策略，空处应用复数形式。故填strategies。 答案　strategies 9．解析　考查名词性从句。句意：在3月3日世界野生动植物日前期，刘的研究被视为先进空间技术如何有益于地球上动物保护工作的成功范例。分析句子结构可知，空处引导名词性从句作of的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，意为“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how。故填how。 答案　how 10．解析　考查形容词。句意：他的研究涵盖了许多领域，包括极地科学考察和绘制全球大河源头图。空处作expeditions的定语，应用形容词scientific，意为“科学的”。故填scientific。 答案　scientific 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$