Unit 5 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas（Word练习）-【勤径学升】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性选择性必修2同步练测（外研版2019）

[对应素能提升训练第46页] [基础语用题] Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．The panda's natural habitat(栖息地)is the bamboo forest. 2．The roof collapsed(倒坍)under the weight of snow. 3．Do not blame your food because you have no appetite(食欲). 4．Cigarette smoking multiplies(使大大增加)the risk of cancer. 5．I have nothing to say in reference to that incident(事件). Ⅱ.短语填空 be native to；out of control；come up with；or so；participate in 1．Tom had just moved to the town a month or so before. 2．It is well known that the panda is native to China and is a national treasure. 3．The newspaper said that a car went out of control on the highway south of the city and rushed into a river. 4．Can overseas students participate in all kinds of activities in your school? 5．He came up with a good suggestion at the meeting. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．Trapped(trap)in the traffic jam, the specialist was late for the finance meeting. 2．A local newspaper remarked that the number of literary masterpieces was on the decrease. 3．I owe it to you that I finished my work in time. 4．No one was injured in the explosion(explode), but the building was completely destroyed． 5．Measures have been taken to encourage the conservation(conserve)of energy. Ⅳ.完成句子 1．We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to stop pollution. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。 2．The old man donated a lot of money to the school, enabling the students to return to their classroom． 这位老人为学校捐赠了很多钱，让学生们重返教室。 3．He came downstairs with his coat over his arm． 他把外套搭在胳膊上走下楼来。 4．So it may turn out that the connection is a whole lot closer than we've imagined． 因此很可能结果是这些联系形成一个比我们想象的更为紧密的整体。 [能力提升题] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (泉州高二期中)When scientists talk about recent extinctions, birds and mammals(哺乳动物)get most of the attention. But the first global analysis of its kind finds it is twice as many plants that have disappeared as birds, mammals, and amphibians(两栖动物)combined． Researchers reviewed published research, international databases, and museum specimens such as grasses from Madagascar, finding that 571 plants species have gone extinct in the past 250 years. One reason why the total is higher than that of the well­studied animals is that there are simply more species of plants. Looking at percentages, the situation is worse for mammals and birds. An estimated 5% of those species have gone extinct, compared with 0.2% of plants. The loss includes the Chile sandalwood tree in the South Pacific, which was cut down for its fragrant(芳香的)wood． It was last seen on Robinson Crusoe Island in 1908. The extinction rates among plants have been highest for trees and shrubs on islands, which often have species that occur nowhere else, and in regions with rich diversity, especially the tropics and in Mediterranean climates. Just a few years later, the world lost the banded Trinity(Thismia americana), a leafless plant that grew entirely underground except for its flowers. Most species of this kind of plant grow in rainforests, but this plant was first described in 1912 in a sandy wetland in Chicago, Illinois, and was wiped out by development. According to the team's report in Nature Ecology & Evolution, the total of 571 extinct plant species is four times higher than the official listing kept by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Even so, it is probably still an underestimate(低估), as less is known about the status of plants in Africa and South America than on other continents. Many of these species may disappear, too. A major review of the status of global biodiversity recently estimated that more than a million species, including 14% of plant and animal diversity, are threatened with extinction. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明消失的植物数量是鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物总和的两倍。 1．What caused the extinction of the Chile sandalwood tree? A．Climate change. B．The market demand． C．Environmental pollution. D．The decline of the habitat. 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段“The loss includes the Chile sandalwood tree in the South Pacific, which was cut down for its fragrant(芳香的)wood．(损失的包括南太平洋的智利檀香树，因为其芳香的木材而被砍伐。)”可知，智利檀香树是因为其芳香的木材而被砍伐。由此可知，市场需求导致了智利檀香树的灭绝。故选B。 答案　B 2．What do we know about the banded trinity? A．It flowered without bearing seeds. B．It disappeared during the 19th century. C．It was a flowering plant without leaves. D．It was a rare plant growing underground． 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段“Just a few years later, the world lost the banded Trinity(Thismia americana), a leafless plant that grew entirely underground except for its flowers.(仅仅几年后，世界上就失去了水玉簪科水玉杯，这是一种除了花外完全生长在地下的无叶植物。)”可知，水玉簪科水玉杯是一种没有叶子的开花植物。故选C。 答案　C 3．What can we infer about the plant species from the text? A．Their current situation is more worrying. B．About one plant species dies out every year. C．More plant species will keep alive in the reserve. D．They would be replaced by other new species soon. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to the team's report in Nature Ecology & Evolution, the total of 571 extinct plant species…are threatened with extinction.(根据该团队发表在《自然­生态学与进化》杂志上的报告，灭绝的植物物种总数为571种，是世界自然保护联盟官方名录的四倍。即便如此，这个数字可能还是被低估了，因为人们对非洲和南美洲植物状况的了解比其他大陆的要少。这些物种中的许多也可能会消失。最近对全球生物多样性状况的一项重大审查估计，超过100万种物种，包括14%的植物和动物多样性，面临灭绝的威胁。)”可知，该团队认为因为人们对非洲和南美洲植物状况的了解比其他大陆的要少，所以灭绝的植物物种总数被低估了。由此推知，植物种类的现状是令人担忧的。故选A。 答案　A 4．In which section of the newspaper can we find the text? A．Sports.　　　　　　 B．Nature. C．Entertainment. D．Figures. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“When scientists talk about recent extinctions, birds and mammals(哺乳动物)get most of the attention. But the first global analysis of its kind finds it is twice as many plants that have disappeared as birds, mammals, and amphibians(两栖动物)combined．(当科学家谈论最近的物种灭绝时，鸟类和哺乳动物得到了最多的关注。但是对这类植物的首次全球分析发现，消失的植物数量是鸟类、哺乳动物和两栖动物总和的两倍。)”以及全文内容可知，这篇文章和自然相关。由此推知，我们可以在报纸的自然版上找到这篇文章。故选B。 答案　B B (锦州高二期末)Can you imagine a world where more than half of our common plant species and a third of our known animals disappear from sight? That's the prediction suggested by new research on the impact of climate change. An international team of researchers looked at the impact of rising temperatures on nearly 50，000 species of plants and animals.They came to the conclusion that these are to decline due to changes in their habitat.They looked at temperature and rainfall records for the habitats in which these species now live, and mapped the areas that would remain suitable for them under different weather conditions. The scientists projected that if no significant efforts were made to limit greenhouse gas emissions, by the year 2100 global temperatures would be 4℃ above pre­industrial levels.In this scenario, some 34% of animal species and 57% of plants would lose more than half of their current habitat ranges.The impact on species will be felt more heavily in some parts of the world such as the Amazon region. Our society would be affected too, according to Dr.Rachel Warren, from the University of Hast Anglia in Britain. She says, “There'll be a knock­on effect for humans because these species are important for things like water and air purification, flood control and nutrients cycling, and eco­tourism.” In spite of the conclusions to this paper, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, it is not all doom and gloom.Dr.Warren says, “Swift action to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gases can prevent the biodiversity loss by reducing the amount of global warming to 2℃ rather than 4 degrees.” The researcher believes that this would buy time for plants and animals to adapt to the change. If nothing is changed and the predictions of this study are confirmed, the world might look very different in a few generations. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项有关气候变化的新研究，研究人员预测到，如果不迅速采取行动减少温室气体的排放，大量物种可能死于气候变化。 5．What made animals and plants decrease? A．Changeable weather condition. B．The change of nature. C．High temperature and less rainfall. D．The transition in their habitats. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“An international team of researchers looked at the impact of rising temperatures on nearly 50，000 species of plants and animals.They came to the conclusion that these are to decline due to changes in their habitat.(一个国际研究小组研究了气温上升对近5万种动植物的影响。他们得出的结论是，由于栖息地的变化，它们的数量将会减少。)”可知，造成动植物减少的原因是它们的栖息地发生了变化。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does the underlined word “scenario” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Assumption. B．Theory. C．Expectation. D．Truth. 解析　词义猜测题。上文“The scientists projected that if no significant efforts were made to limit greenhouse gas emissions, by the year 2100 global temperatures would be 4℃ above pre­industrial levels.(科学家们预测，如果不采取重大措施限制温室气体排放，到2100年，全球气温将比工业化前的水平高出4摄氏度。)”提出科学家们的猜想。结合画线词所在句“In this scenario, some 34% of animal species and 57% of plants would lose more than half of their current habitat ranges.(在这种scenario下，约34%的动物物种和57%的植物将失去其现有栖息地的一半以上。)”可知，this scenario指的就是前文科学家的猜想，提出在这种设想的情况下会产生的可能性。由此推知，画线词scenario意为“设想”。故选A。 答案　A 7．What will happen if we take measures to reduce greenhouse gases immediately? A．The temperature will not increase. B．Current habitat will not be affected． C．Animals and plants have more time to fit. D．The biodiversity loss can be totally prevented． 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Dr.Warren says, ‘Swift action to reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gases can prevent the biodiversity loss by reducing the amount of global warming to 2℃ rather than 4 degrees.’ The researcher believes that this would buy time for plants and animals to adapt to the change.(沃伦博士说：“迅速采取行动减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体，可以通过将全球变暖幅度降低到2摄氏度而不是4摄氏度来防止生物多样性的丧失。”研究人员认为，这将为植物和动物争取时间来适应变化。)”可知，如果我们立即采取措施减少温室气体，动物和植物将有更多的时间来适应环境的变化。故选C。 答案　C 8．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Impact of Climate Change B．Plants and Animals Are in Danger C．Global Warming Is Threatening Us D．Massive Species May Die from Climate Change 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段“Can you imagine a world where more than half of our common plant species and a third of our known animals disappear from sight? That's the prediction suggested by new research on the impact of climate change.(你能想象一个超过一半的常见植物物种和三分之一的已知动物从我们的视线中消失的世界吗？这是一项关于气候变化影响的新研究提出的预测。)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述一项有关气候变化的新研究，研究人员预测到，如果不迅速采取行动减少温室气体的排放，大量物种可能死于气候变化。由此可知，D项“Massive Species May Die from Climate Change(大量物种可能死于气候变化)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (宁波北仑中学高二期中)A Plastic Ocean is a film to make you think.Think, and then act.We need to take action on our dependence on plastic．We've been producing plastic in huge quantities.Drinking bottles, shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic． 1 What happens to all the rest? This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers. The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale.But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean. 2 In total, they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film. In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life. 3 We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean.The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious. 4 In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem. They present short­term and long­term solutions.These include avoiding plastic containers and recycle as much as you can.The filmmakers also stress the need for governments to work more on recycling programmes. We make a shocking amount of plastic．Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous, but it isn't too late to change. 5 A．This causes them to travel around the world to look at other affected areas. B．Once you've seen the film, you'll realize it is time to do our part. C．It has raised public concern all over the world． D．We live in a world full of plastic, and only a small amount is recycled． E．But the film doesn't only present the negative side. F．In conclusion, we only have one earth to live on. G．These are contrasted with dumps of plastic rubbish. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了塑料垃圾堆积成海。我们应当提高环保意识，改变现状。 1．解析　根据上文“We've been producing plastic in huge quantities.Drinking bottles, shopping bags and even clothes are made with plastic．(我们一直在大量生产塑料。饮料瓶、购物袋甚至衣服都是用塑料做的。)”可知我们在制造大量的塑料，生活在一个充满塑料的世界；结合下文“What happens to all the rest？This is the question the film A Plastic Ocean answers.(剩下的呢？这就是电影《塑料海洋》回答的问题。)”可知，设空处应承上启下，讲我们生活在充满塑料的世界，以及塑料的去处。D项“我们生活在一个充满塑料的世界，只有一小部分被回收。”符合语境。故选D。 答案　D 2．解析　根据上文“The film begins as a journey to film the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale.But during the journey the filmmakers make the shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean.(影片开始于拍摄地球上最大的动物蓝鲸的旅程。但在旅途中，摄制组震惊地发现印度洋上漂浮着一层巨大而厚重的塑料。)”以及下文“In total, they visited 20 locations around the world during the four years to make the film.(在拍摄这部电影的四年时间里，他们总共造访了世界各地的20个地点。)”可推断，在印度洋上发现大量的塑料垃圾促使他们去更多被影响的地方，A项“这使得他们到世界各地去观察其他受影响的地区。”符合语境，选项中的“this”指代上文提到的“the shocking discovery of a huge, thick layer of plastic floating in the Indian Ocean”。故选A。 答案　A 3．解析　根据上文“In the film there are beautiful shots of the seas and marine life.(影片中有海洋和海洋生物的美丽镜头。)”以及下文“We see how marine species are being killed by all the plastic we are dumping in the ocean.The message about our use of plastic is painfully obvious.(我们看到海洋物种是如何被我们倾倒在海洋中的塑料所杀死的。关于我们使用塑料的信息是显而易见的。)”可知，前后内容“美好的景色与倒进海里的垃圾”形成对比。G项“这些与倾倒的塑料垃圾形成对比。”符合语境，选项中的“these”指代上文提到的美丽镜头。故选G。 答案　G 4．解析　根据上一段提到这部电影展现出了大量的垃圾倒进海里的消极一面，结合下文“ In the second half, the filmmakers look at what we can do to deal with the problem.(在影片的后半段，电影制作人将着眼于如何解决这个问题。)”可知这部电影不仅仅是展示了消极的方面，还展示了如何解决问题。E项“但这部电影不仅呈现了消极的一面。”符合语境。故选E。 答案　E 5．解析　根据前文“We make a shocking amount of plastic．Over 300 million tons of plastic are produced every year, and at least 8 million of those are dumped into the oceans.The results are disastrous, but it isn't too late to change.(我们制造的塑料数量惊人。每年有超过3亿吨的塑料被生产出来，其中至少有800万吨被倒入了海洋。结果是灾难性的，但现在改变还为时未晚。)”可知我们制造了太多的塑料垃圾，结果将会是灾难性的，但改变为时未晚。由此推知，在看过这部电影后，我们会意识到是时候发挥自己的作用了。B项“一旦你看过这部电影，你就会意识到是时候做我们的工作了。”符合语境。故选B。 答案　B 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$