Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Accessing Your Progress讲义-2023-2024学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

知识点： 什么是伴随状语？ ✅伴随状语，它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。伴随状语与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的。 ✅我们可以根据逻辑主语来把伴随状语分类： 1.逻辑主语和主句主语一致。 动词与逻辑主语为主动关系时，用现在分词动词与逻辑主语为被动关系时，用过去分词。 He went into the room, followed by his dog. 他走进了房间，后面跟着他的狗。folow和逻辑主语he的关系是被动，因此用过去分词。 The dog went into the room, following his master. 狗跟着他的主人走进了房间。follow和逻辑主语the dog的关系是主动，因此用现在分词 2. 逻辑主语和主句主语不一致。 什么是逻辑主语？ 逻辑主语是指与动词在逻辑上存在着主谓关系，即语义上的施动者，代表着动作、行为的发出者的名词或相当于名词的成分。逻辑主语不同于语法主语。语法主语是在一个句子中，从语法结构上来看作主语的部分；而逻辑主语则是从逻辑关系上来看作主语的部分。当两者是主动关系时，语法主语即是逻辑主语；而当两者是被动关系时，语法主语则成为谓语动词的逻辑宾语 单词解释 1. Clinic: A clinic is a small medical center where people go to see a doctor for treatment or advice, especially when they are sick or injured. 2. Complain: To complain means to express dissatisfaction or say that something is not right. Here, the brother is unhappy that girls are learning a lot and thinks they should just focus on finding a husband. 3. Majority: Majority means most of the people in a group. In this sentence, the majority of girls are expected to follow the traditional path of getting married, but she chooses to study medicine instead. 4. Staff: Staff refers to the people who work at a place, like a hospital or a school. In this case, the new staff are the new employees or workers in the hospital department. 5. Response: Response means the reaction or reply from people. In this case, it refers to how most people reacted to what happened or was said. 6. Harm: Harm means injury or damage. In this sentence, it refers to something bad or dangerous happening to their neighbors, and the speaker is asking why no one is trying to prevent it. 7. Physician: A physician is a doctor who is trained to treat people who are sick. In this sentence, she became the first woman to work as a doctor in the OB-GYN department, which deals with childbirth and women’s health. 动词ed和ing解释 The -ing form is used when the subject is actively doing something (active voice). The -ed form (past participle) is used when something is being done to the subject (passive voice). This distinction can help us understand whether the subject of the sentence is performing the action or receiving it and help us grasp the concept clearly. 1. Jack stood in front of the class, completely forgetting/forgotten every word that he had prepared for his speech. Analysis: “Forgetting” is the correct choice because it shows Jack is in the middle of the action. The -ing form represents that Jack is actively forgetting the words while standing in front of the class. 2. Seeing/Seen the tennis star leaving the court, the girl quickly picked up her camera and ran over to him. Answer: Seeing Analysis: “Seeing” is correct because it indicates the girl herself is watching the tennis star. The -ing form shows an ongoing action that she is performing. If we use “seen,” it would imply that someone else saw the tennis star or that the tennis star had been seen, which isn’t what the sentence is describing. 3.They were very proud to see their son awarded/awarding the university scholarship. Analysis: “Awarded” is the correct form because it shows the son received the scholarship. The -ed form here is passive, meaning he was given the award. If we used “awarding,” it would mean the son was giving the scholarship to someone else, which isn’t the intended meaning. 4.When asking/asked about their work schedules, many people preferred more flexible work hours. Analysis: “Asked” is correct because it shows that the people were in the passive voice: they were asked by someone else. The -ed form indicates that the action was done to them (they were asked). 5. John watched the woman talking/talked to the air, thinking/thought that she might be crazy. Analysis: ‘Talking” is correct because the woman is actively talking to the air, and the -ing form shows that she is doing the action (active voice). “Thinking” is also correct because John is actively thinking about the situation (he is doing the thinking). 6. Impressed/Impressing with her fluent English, the manager offered Julie a job interview. Analysis: “Impressed” is the right answer because it indicates the manager was affected by Julie’s English. The -ed form is passive, meaning the manager experienced the feeling of being impressed. “Impressing” would imply Julie was actively doing something to impress the manager, but the focus here is on the manager’s reaction. 总结 ✅So when you see a verb ending in -ing, think about whether the subject is doing something in the moment. ✅If the verb ends in -ed, ask yourself if the subject is receiving the action or feeling something as a result. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$