Unit 5 Period 4 Writing-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册（人教版）

UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 Period 4　Writing 如何写议论文 议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的文 体,它通过摆事实、讲道理等方法对客观事物 进行评述或议论,以阐明作者的观点或者说 服别人。 议论文要有论点、论证和论据。 要 求逻辑严密,结构清晰,语言简练。 议论文的 写作要尽量避免使用口语,多使用书面语,可 以适当使用格言、谚语。 写作要以议论为主, 辅之以叙述、说明和描写等手法。 高考议论文的常见形式 一、正反观点型:即从正反两个方面对具 有争议的观点进行分析,然后再明确表达出 自己的见解和观点。 二、陈述观点型:即就某一问题正面阐述 自己的观点,说明自己的理由。 议论文的结构: 在结构上通常以三段式的形式展开 议论。 Para. 1 引言( Introduction):阐明现象, 提出主题。 Para. 2 正文( Body):围绕主题,摆出事 实,具体论证。 Para. 3 结论(Conclusion):总结概括,再 次阐明自己的观点。 开头常用句式: It is widely accepted that􀆺 普遍认为…… According to a recent survey􀆺 根据最近 的一项调查…… Recently we have had a heated discussion over􀆺最近我们对……进行了激烈讨论。 Currently there is a widespread concern o- ver􀆺现在,人们普遍关注的是…… 陈述观点的句式: Views on the issue vary from person to per- son. 对该问题的看法因人而异。 Some people claim that􀆺while the others argue that􀆺 有人认为……而另外一些人则认为…… In my opinion / view, / As for me, / Person- ally, / From my point of view, I stand on the side of􀆺 就个人而言,我支持…… As far as I􀆳m concerned,I am in favour of the former opinion to some extent. 就我而言,在一定程度上我赞同前者的 观点。 From my part,I completely agree with the former / latter. 至于我,我完全同意前 / 后者的观点。 结论性的句式: To sum up, we find that 􀆺 总之, 我们 认为…… In short / brief / conclusion / a word 􀆺 简 言之…… From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that􀆺 从以上所讨论的来看,我们可以有把握 地得出结论…… 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 87 Taking into account all the factors,we may safely come to the conclusion that􀆺 考虑到各个因素,我们可以有把握地得 出结论…… Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at / reach the conclusion that􀆺 根据所提供的所有证据来判断,我们可 以有把握地得出结论…… 常用过渡词: 表顺序:first( ly),second( ly),third( ly), last( ly);to begin with;above all;first of all 表补充关系:besides, in addition,moreo- ver,what􀆳s more,furthermore 表转折、让步关系:but,however,neverthe- less,yet, in spite of,despite, though,although, even though,even if 表对比关系: on the one hand, 􀆺 on the other hand;for one thing,􀆺for another􀆺 表原因关系: because, as, since, because of,now that,thanks to,due to,owing to,as a re- sult of 表结果关系:therefore,thus,as a result,so (that),consequently 表解释: That is ( to say) 􀆺, namely, in other words 表列举:for example,for instance,such as, a case in point 表总结:generally speaking, in a word, in brief,in short, in conclusion, on the whole, to sum up,all in all 目前,越来越多的中学生为了提高成绩会 请家教,对于这一现象,存在两种不同观点: 有些人认为有必要 有些人认为没有必要 1. 更有针对性地学习; 1. 容 易 养 成 依 赖 习惯; 2. 可以学到更多的知识; 2. 课外作业占用大量 时间; 3. 可以选择更好的老师。 3. 学 习 成 绩 不 升 反降。 With the development of science and socie- ty,more and more students are keen to take on private tutors. Views vary from person to person. Some people think taking on a private tutor is good for students in some ways. The tutor can answer the students􀆳 questions individually and carefully and give them detailed advice. Be- sides,some private tutors assign their students more exercises to do and the students will learn extra knowledge from their tutors. What􀆳s more, it is known to us all that a good and experienced teacher can help his students to review their les- sons in a very good way so that they can have a better understanding of the knowledge learned in class,which is helpful to them in their exami- nations. But every coin has two sides. Some people look upon it with disapproval. To begin with, they hold the opinion that the students rely too much on their tutors and they even take little notice of what their own teachers say in class. Furthermore,the private tutor assigns them to do a lot of extra exercises,thus occupying too much of their spare time. Worse still,their studies be- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 88 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 come worse than before. So it is hard to say whether taking on a pri- vate tutor is good or not. It all depends on the individual. But in my opinion, if you want to take on a private tutor,you should choose one carefully since he or she will have a great im- pact on your studies. 高级词汇 和短语 keen,take on,individually,experienced, have a better understanding of, helpful, look upon,with disapproval,thus,have a great impact on 恰当 关联词 besides,what􀆳s more, to begin with, fur- thermore,worse still 高级句式 1. . . . ,it is known to us all that􀆺 2. …,which is helpful to them in their examinations. 3. But every coin has two sides. 4. . . . ,thus occupying too much of their spare time. 这篇议论文论据充分、合理、有逻辑性; 语言精练,准确。 高级词汇、精彩短语以及高 级句式的使用使文章语言的运用更加丰富多 彩;恰当的连词让行文更加连贯、清晰。 The topic of 　 　 　 　 　 　 (主题) is be- coming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people believe that 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( 观点 A). They hold the view for the reason that 　 　 　 　 　 　 (支持 A 的理由一). What is more,　 　 　 　 　 　 (理由二). Moreover,　 　 　 　 　 　 (理 由三). While others think that 　 　 　 　 　 　 (观 点 B) is a better choice in the following three reasons. To begin with,　 　 　 　 　 　 (支持 B 的理由一). Furthermore (Besides),　 　 　 　 　 　 (理由二). In addition (Finally),　 　 　 　 　 　 (理由三). From my point of view / As a matter of fact / In my view / Personally speaking,I agree to the thought that 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( 我的观点). Therefore,the former / the latter is surely a wise choice for me. 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落 开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 续写的词数应为 150 左右。 I grew up in the south of Spain in a little community called Estepona. I was 16 when one morning,my father told me I could drive him in- to a remote village called Mijas,about 18 miles away,on the condition that I took the car in to be serviced at a nearby garage. Having just learned to drive and hardly ever having the op- portunity to use the car, I readily accepted. I drove Dad into Mijas and promised to pick him up at 4 p. m. ,then drove to a nearby garage and dropped off the car. Because I had a few hours to spare,I decided to catch a couple of movies at a theatre near the garage. However,I became so interested in the films that I completely lost track of time. When the last movie had fin- ished, I looked down at my watch. It was six o􀆳clock. I was two hours late! 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 89 I knew Dad would be angry if he found out I􀆳d been watching movies. He􀆳d never let me drive again. I decided to tell him that the car needed some repairs and that they had taken longer than had been expected. I drove up to the place where we had planned to meet and saw Dad waiting patiently on the corner. I apol- ogised for being late and told him that I􀆳d come as quickly as I could, but the car had needed some major repairs. I􀆳ll never forget the look he gave me. “I􀆳m disappointed that you feel you have to lie to me,Jackson. ” “ What do you mean? I􀆳m telling the truth. ” Dad looked at me again. “ When you did not show up,I called the garage to ask if there were any problems, and they told me that you had not yet picked up the car. So you see, I know there were no problems with the car. ” A rush of guilt ran through me as I weakly con- fessed to my trip to the theatre and the real rea- son for my tardiness. Dad listened intently as a sadness passed through him. Paragraph 1: “ I am angry,not with you but with myself. 　 　 　 　 　 Paragraph 2: My protests and my apologies were useless. 　 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 90 参考答案与解析　 7. which 　 考查关系代词。 which 引导非限制性定语 从句。 8. others　 考查代词。 9. improvement　 考查名词。 Due to 后应接名词作宾语。 10. better　 考查形容词比较级。 Period 2　Using Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. 【情境助记】 (1) nutritious　 (2) nutritional 2. (1) in turn　 (2) in turn　 (3) take turns　 (4) in re- turn for　 (5) in return 3. (1) digest　 (2) to digest 4. (1) is essential for / to 　 ( 2) It is essential to keep　 (3) It is essential that 5. (1) prohibits　 (2) from　 (3) prohibitive 6. (1) to fire　 (2) alternatively 7. (1) instances　 (2) for instance Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Judging　 2. Organically 　 3. extension 　 4. to sell 　 5. entirely　 6. compared　 7. spoken　 8. digestion　 9. nutritious 　 10. essentials 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. It is essential　 2. has no alternative but to　 3. leisure activity　 4. choose enjoyable and nutritious food　 5. hoping to be spotted by the helicopter　 6. It is obvious　 7. In return for 　 8. found it hard to 　 9. intense gaze 　 10. with the light burning 三、语篇填空 1. rules　 考查名词单复数。 2. are invited　 考查动词的时态和语态。 本文介绍的是 客观情况,且根据主句为一般现在时可知,从句也应用一般 现在时;you 与 invite 之间为被动关系,即“你被邀请”,应用 被动语态。 3. it　 考查代词。 设空处在句中作形式主语,真正的主 语是不定式短语 to bring a small gift。 故填 it。 4. made　 考查非谓语动词。 if 引导的是一个状语从 句,且从句中已有谓语动词 have,因此,make 应用非谓语动 词形式;item 和 make 之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作 定语。 故填 made。 5. of　 考查介词。 be of importance 意为“重要的”,相当 于 be important。 6. unless　 考查连词。 根据句意可知,设空处引导条件 状语从句,表示“除非”,故填 unless。 7. closed　 考查词性转换。 此处为 with 的复合结构,根 据句意,设空处表示“闭着的”这种状态,所以用过去分词转 化的形容词作宾语补足语。 故填 closed。 8. to reach　 考查不定式。 不定式 to reach 表目的。 9. immediately 　 考查词性转换。 设空处修饰动词 leave,作状语,应用副词形式。 故填 immediately。 10. a　 考查冠词。 设空处表泛指,指“一张便条”,应用 不定冠词。 故填 a。 Period 4　Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: “ I am angry,not with you but with myself. You see,I re- alise that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me. I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his own father. I􀆳m go- ing to walk home now and think about where I have gone wrong all these years. ”“But Dad,it􀆳s 18 miles to home. It􀆳s dark. You can􀆳t walk home. ” Paragraph 2: My protests and my apologies were useless. I had let my fa- ther down,and I was about to learn one of the most painful les- sons of my life. Dad began walking along the dusty roads. I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind,hoping he would weaken. I begged all the way,telling him how sorry I was,but he simply ignored me,continuing on silently,thoughtfully and pain- fully. For 18 miles I drove behind him,averaging about five mi- les per hour. Seeing my father in so much physical and emotion- al pain was the most distressing and painful experience that I have ever faced. However,it was also the most successful les- son. I have never lied to him since. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 7