Unit 5 Period 2 Using Language-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册（人教版）

Period 2　Using Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. nutrition 【归纳拓展】 nutrition n. 营养;滋养 nutritional adj. 营养(物)的 nutritious adj. 有营养的;营养丰富的 【情境助记】 (1)Junk foods are anything but ,so students should avoid them. 垃圾食品根本没有营养,因此学生要避免 吃垃圾食品。 (2)Both provide intensive coaching,training fa- cilities and 　 　 　 　 　 　 advice. 两者都提供强化训练,培训设施和营养 建议。 2. in turn 【归纳拓展】 in turn 依次;轮流;逐个相应地;转而 take turns(in sth. / to do sth. )(BrE also take it in turns)依次;轮流 in return for 􀆺 作为(对……的) 回报;作为 回应 【情境助记】 (1)The children called out their names 　 　 　 　 　 . 孩子们逐一自报姓名。 (2) Increased production will, 　 　 　 　 　 , lead to increased profits. 增加生产会继而增加利润。 (3)The male and female birds 　 　 　 　 　 in sitting on the eggs. 雄鸟和雌鸟轮流伏窝。 (4) Can I buy you lunch 　 　 　 　 　 your help? 感谢你的帮忙,我请你吃午饭好吗? (5)I asked her opinion,but she just asked me a question　 　 　 　 　 . 我征求她的意见, 她却只是反问了我 一句。 3. digest 【归纳拓展】 digest v. 消化;领会 　 n. 摘要;概要;文摘; 汇编 digest sth. 领悟;理解 a monthly news digest 每月新闻摘要 digestible adj. 易消化的;口感好的;易理解的 可领会的(opp. —indigestible ) digestion n. 消化;消化能力 have a good / poor digestion 消化能力强 / 弱 【情境助记】 (1)Humans cannot 　 　 　 　 　 plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。 (2)He paused,waiting for her 　 　 　 　 　 the information. 他停了一会儿,等她慢慢领会这一信息。 4. essential 【归纳拓展】 essential adj. 完全有必要的;极其重要的 be essential to / for sth. 对……是必要的 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 80 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 It is essential for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做 ……有必要的 It is essential that 做……是有必要的 【情境助记】 (1)Experience 　 　 　 　 　 　 this job. 对于这个工作,经验是非常重要的。 (2)　 　 　 　 　 　 the two groups separate. 将这两组隔开是完全有必要的。 (3)　 　 　 　 　 　 you have some experience. 你必须得有些经验。 5. prohibit 【归纳拓展】 prohibit v. (尤指法令)禁止 prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事 (prevent sb. from doing sth. ) prohibit(sb. )doing sth. 禁止做某事 prohibition n. (尤指通过法律的)禁止,阻止 prohibition(against / on sth. )禁令;禁律 prohibitive adj. 高昂得令人难以承受;禁止 的;极可能获胜的 【情境助记】 (1)The policy 　 　 　 　 　 smoking on school grounds. 该政策禁止在校内吸烟。 (2)Soviet citizens were prohibited 　 　 　 　 　 travelling abroad. 苏联时代国民被禁止出国旅行。 (3)Miami began the day a 　 　 　 　 　 Super Bowl favourite. 迈阿密队今天从一开始就表现出是美国 橄榄球超级碗大赛的夺冠热门。 6. alternative 【归纳拓展】 alternative adj. 供选择的;其他的 n. 可能的选择 alternatively adv. (引出第二种选择或可能的 建议)要不,或者 have no alternative but to do sth. 别无选择只 好做某事 alternative energy 替代能源 【情境助记】 (1) We had no alternative but 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( fire)Gibson. 我们别无他法,只有辞退吉布森。 (2) The agency will make travel arrangements for you. 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( alternative),you can organize your own transport. 旅行社将为你安排旅行,或者你可以自 行安排交通工具。 7. instance 【归纳拓展】 instance n. 例子;实例;事例 for instance 例如;比如 for example 例如;比如 【情境助记】 (1) In most 　 　 　 　 　 　 , there will be no need for further treatment. 多数情况下,不必继续治疗。 (2)What would you do,　 　 　 　 　 　 ,if you found a member of staff stealing? 比如说,如果你发现有职员偷东西,你会 怎么办? Ⅱ. 重点句型解读 1. With more and more farm machines be- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 81 ing used in the fields,the consumption of fuel has been increasing. 随着田地里使用越来越多的农业机械,原 油的消耗逐渐增加。 【归纳拓展】 本句中 With more and more farm machines be- ing used 为 with 复合结构作状语,表示状态或 者背景说明,with 复合结构,可以位于句首或 句尾,常在句中表示伴随、方式、原因、条件等 状语。 构成形式:with / without +名词 / 代词+ 宾语补足语(现在分词、过去分词、动词不定 式、形容词、副词、介词短语)。 此结构中,宾 语通常由名词或代词充当,但是代词一定要 用宾格。 【情境助记】 (1)The girl hid her box without anyone know- ing where it was. 女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在 哪里。 (2)The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 这么多的名胜可以参观,小孩很激动。 (3)I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 (4)I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在我的房间里坐了几分钟,眼睛盯着天 花板。 2. Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. 种植不同作物的原因是他们可以把重要 的矿物质放回土壤中,使土地能为下一次 种植而做好准备。 【归纳拓展】 (1)本复合句子的主语是由 Why 引导的从 句,在句中叫作主语从句;because 引导的从 句在句中充当表语;making 是分词形式在句 中作结果状语,表示自然发展的结果;而不定 式表示出乎意料的结果,常与 only 连用。 (2)because 和 why 引导的表语从句常用以下 句型: This / That is why􀆺这 / 那是……的原因,why 后接某事产生的结果。 This / That is because􀆺这 / 那是因为……,be- cause 从句后接某事发生的原因。 但是,主句主语是 reason 时,表语从句一般由 that 引导,而不用 because 或 why。 The reason why􀆺is that􀆺 某事发生的原因是 ……why 引导的定语从句修饰 reason。 【情境助记】 (1) The reason for yesterday􀆳s accident is that the driver was drunk. 昨天事故的原因是因为司机酒驾。 (2) He went to the station in a hurry,catching the last train. 他匆忙去了车站,赶上了末班车。 (3) He went to the station in a hurry,only to find the last train gone. 他匆忙去了车站,却发现末班车已经开 走了。 (4) More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. 中国又建了更多高速公路,这使人们从 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 82 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。 3. What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical faming serves the high demand for food around the world. 阻止他们这样做的是事实上使用化学耕 作(比有机耕作)更能满足全世界对食品 大量的需求。 【归纳拓展】 (1)本句中主语是由 what 引导的从句充当 的。 that 引导同位语从句,作 the fact 的同 位语。 (2)what 可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语 从句以及同位语从句,what 在从句中充当主 语、宾语或者表语,通常表示“ ……东西或事 情”,“ ……的人或样子”,“ ……的数量或数 目”,“……的时间”和“……的地方”。 (3)同位语从句在句中作同位语,一般跟在名 词后,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。 这类 名词包括: fact, idea, news, message, infor- mation, promise, belief, condition, doubt, fear, hope, order, request, chance, truth, word…… 【情境助记】 (1)The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 他们赢得比赛的消息迅速传遍了整个 学校。 (2)My hometown is not what it used to be sev- eral years ago. 我的家乡不再是几年前的样子了。 Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. 　 　 　 　 　 ( judge) from his accent,he is from Hong Kong. 2. 　 　 　 　 　 　 (organic)grown produce does not differ greatly in appearance from conven- tionally grown crops. 3. We are thinking of having an 　 　 　 　 　 　 (extend) built as we now require an extra bedroom. 4. We have no alternative but 　 　 　 　 　 　 (sell)our house to pay a debt. 5. The audience was almost 　 　 　 　 　 　 (entire)teenagers. 6. Film has a much shorter history, especially when 　 　 　 　 　 ( compare) to such art forms as music and painting. 7. Without a word more 　 　 　 　 　 　 (speak),she left the meeting room. 8. No liquids are served with meals because they interfere with　 　 　 　 　 　 (digest) . 9. Nectarine(油桃) is a 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( nutri- tion)fruit and is welcomed by consumers. 10. The apartment contained the basic 　 　 　 　 　 　 (essential) for bachelor life. 二、 按要求完成下列句子 1. 现实地设定我们的目标是很有必要的。 　 　 　 　 　 　 for us to set our goal realisti- cally. 2. 没人求助,他除了独自解决危机别无选择。 With no one to turn to,he 　 　 　 　 　 　 tackle the crisis on his own. 3. 停下来花些时间好好地睡觉,好好地放松 闲散下,听听音乐或者进行一些放松活动。 Take time out to sleep properly,laze around, listen to music or have some form of 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 83 　 　 　 . 4. 选择好吃的,有营养的食品总是很重要的。 It is important to 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 5. Jane 用力挥动她的黄衬衫,想要被直升机 看到。 Jane waved her yellow blouse hard,　 　 　 　 　 　 . 6. 显然,学生们应为他们的未来而做好准备。 　 　 　 　 　 　 that students should be well prepared for their future. 7. 作为对你的善意的报答, 我想请你吃 顿饭。 　 　 　 　 　 　 your kindness,I would like to invite you to dinner. 8. 我妈妈非常传统,发现很难接受我喜欢的 现代的生活方式。 My mother was conventional and 　 　 　 　 　 　 accept the modern lifestyle that I en- joyed. 9. 在卢克母亲热切的注视下,我感到很不 自在。 I felt so self-conscious under Luke􀆳s mother􀆳s 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 10. 她睡着,灯还亮着。 She fell asleep . 三、语篇填空 Nowadays, more and more people have chances to travel, study, work or even live a- broad. It is necessary for you to keep in mind these general 1. ( rule) for polite be- havior. If you 2. (invite)to an American friend􀆳s home for dinner, first of all,arrive ap- proximately on time( but not early) . Americans expect promptness(准时). When you􀆳re invited to someone􀆳s home for a meal,3. is polite to bring a small gift. Flowers or candies are always appropriate. If you have an attractive item 4. ( make) in your native coun- try,your host or hostess would certainly enjoy receiving that as a gift. Wearing proper clothes and a beautiful smile is simply not enough. Table manners are also 5. great importance. Do not open your mouth to talk,6. you have swal- lowed your food. Also, chew food with your mouth 7. ( close) . When you want to get the food that is at a distance,do not stretch your hands 8. (reach) for it. Instead, ask for the food to be passed to you. Don􀆳t leave 9. ( immediate) after dinner,but don􀆳t overstay your welcome,either. When your friends seem to be getting tired and running out of conversation,take their behavior as a signal to leave. The next day,call or write 10. thank-you note to say how much you enjoyed the evening. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 84 参考答案与解析　 7. which 　 考查关系代词。 which 引导非限制性定语 从句。 8. others　 考查代词。 9. improvement　 考查名词。 Due to 后应接名词作宾语。 10. better　 考查形容词比较级。 Period 2　Using Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. 【情境助记】 (1) nutritious　 (2) nutritional 2. (1) in turn　 (2) in turn　 (3) take turns　 (4) in re- turn for　 (5) in return 3. (1) digest　 (2) to digest 4. (1) is essential for / to 　 ( 2) It is essential to keep　 (3) It is essential that 5. (1) prohibits　 (2) from　 (3) prohibitive 6. (1) to fire　 (2) alternatively 7. (1) instances　 (2) for instance Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Judging　 2. Organically 　 3. extension 　 4. to sell 　 5. entirely　 6. compared　 7. spoken　 8. digestion　 9. nutritious 　 10. essentials 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. It is essential　 2. has no alternative but to　 3. leisure activity　 4. choose enjoyable and nutritious food　 5. hoping to be spotted by the helicopter　 6. It is obvious　 7. In return for 　 8. found it hard to 　 9. intense gaze 　 10. with the light burning 三、语篇填空 1. rules　 考查名词单复数。 2. are invited　 考查动词的时态和语态。 本文介绍的是 客观情况,且根据主句为一般现在时可知,从句也应用一般 现在时;you 与 invite 之间为被动关系,即“你被邀请”,应用 被动语态。 3. it　 考查代词。 设空处在句中作形式主语,真正的主 语是不定式短语 to bring a small gift。 故填 it。 4. made　 考查非谓语动词。 if 引导的是一个状语从 句,且从句中已有谓语动词 have,因此,make 应用非谓语动 词形式;item 和 make 之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作 定语。 故填 made。 5. of　 考查介词。 be of importance 意为“重要的”,相当 于 be important。 6. unless　 考查连词。 根据句意可知,设空处引导条件 状语从句,表示“除非”,故填 unless。 7. closed　 考查词性转换。 此处为 with 的复合结构,根 据句意,设空处表示“闭着的”这种状态,所以用过去分词转 化的形容词作宾语补足语。 故填 closed。 8. to reach　 考查不定式。 不定式 to reach 表目的。 9. immediately 　 考查词性转换。 设空处修饰动词 leave,作状语,应用副词形式。 故填 immediately。 10. a　 考查冠词。 设空处表泛指,指“一张便条”,应用 不定冠词。 故填 a。 Period 4　Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: “ I am angry,not with you but with myself. You see,I re- alise that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me. I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his own father. I􀆳m go- ing to walk home now and think about where I have gone wrong all these years. ”“But Dad,it􀆳s 18 miles to home. It􀆳s dark. You can􀆳t walk home. ” Paragraph 2: My protests and my apologies were useless. I had let my fa- ther down,and I was about to learn one of the most painful les- sons of my life. Dad began walking along the dusty roads. I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind,hoping he would weaken. I begged all the way,telling him how sorry I was,but he simply ignored me,continuing on silently,thoughtfully and pain- fully. For 18 miles I drove behind him,averaging about five mi- les per hour. Seeing my father in so much physical and emotion- al pain was the most distressing and painful experience that I have ever faced. However,it was also the most successful les- son. I have never lied to him since. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 7