Unit 5 Period 1 Reading and Thinking & Learing About Language-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册（人教版）

UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND Culture Background Analysis Organic Food:Why? Europe is now the biggest market for organ- ic food in the world,expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the at- traction of organic food for some people? The re- ally important thing is that organic food sounds more “natural” . Eating organic food is a way of defining oneself to be natural,good,caring,dif- ferent from the junk-food-eating masses. Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic farming is, however, ineffi- cient in its use of labour and land;there are se- vere limits to how much food can be produced. Also,the environmental benefits of not using ar- tificial fertilisers are tiny compared with the a- mount of carbon dioxide emitted by transporting food. Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than conventional farming. Yet studies into or- ganic farming worldwide continue to reject this claim. An extensive review by the UK Food Standards Agency found that there was no statis- tically significant difference between organic and conventional crops. Even where results indi- cated there was evidence of a difference,the re- viewers found no sign that these differences would have any noticeable effect on health. The simplistic claim that organic food is more nutritious than conventional food was always likely to be misleading. Food is a natural product,and the health value of different foods will vary for a number of reasons, including freshness,the way the food is cooked,the type of soil it is grown in, the amount of sunlight and rain crops have received,and so on. Likewise, the flavour of a carrot has less to do with whether it was fertilised with manure or something out of a plastic sack than with the va- riety of the carrot and how long ago it was dug up. The notion that organic food is safer than “normal” food is also contradicted by the fact that many of our most common foods are full of natural toxins. As one research expert says, “People think that the more natural something 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 70 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 is,the better it is for them. That is simply not the case. In fact,it is the opposite that is true: the closer a plant is to its natural state,the more likely it is that it will poison you. Naturally, many plants do not want to be eaten,so we have spent 10,000 years developing agriculture and breeding out harmful traits from crops. ” 根据上文判断正(T)误(F) (　 　 ) 1. Techniques of organic farming help improve soil quality. ( 　 　 )2. The environment benefits a lot from not using man-made fertilisers. ( 　 　 ) 3. There is no denying that organic crops are safer than conventional ones. ( 　 　 )4. The weather conditions during the growth of crops affect their nutrition- al content. ( 　 　 )5. The closer a plant is to its natural state,the less suitable it is to be eat- en. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 71 Period 1　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. devote 【归纳拓展】 devote vt. 献身;专心于 devote􀆺to 把……奉献于……;把……用于 devote oneself to 献身于……;致力于…… devoted adj. 挚爱的;忠诚的;全心全意的 be devoted to(doing)sth. 专心于(做)某事;奉 献于(做)某事 devotion n. 关爱;关照;奉献;忠诚 【情境助记】 (1)She 　 　 　 　 　 　 herself 　 　 　 　 　 　 her career. 她全力倾注于自己的事业。 (2)They 　 　 　 　 　 　 their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。 (3)His 　 　 　 　 　 　 to his wife and family is touching. 他对妻子和家人的关爱感人至深。 2. shortage 【归纳拓展】 shortage n. 缺乏;缺少;不足 a shortage of 缺乏…… shorten v. 使变短;变短 short adj. 短暂的,简短的;矮的;短缺的 be / run short of 短缺 be short for 是……的简称 【情境助记】 (1)There is 　 　 　 　 　 　 water. 水严重短缺。 (2) There􀆳s 　 　 　 　 　 　 things to do in the town. 城里不愁找不到活儿干。 (3)He father􀆳s illness left the family 　 　 　 　 　 　 money. 他父亲的病使得全家缺钱。 (4)Call me Jo—it􀆳s 　 　 　 　 　 　 Joanna. 叫我乔好了———这是乔安娜的简称。 3. boost 【归纳拓展】 boost vt. 使增长;使兴旺 n. 增长;提高;激励 boost profits 提高利润 boost one􀆳s confidence 增强某人的信心 【情境助记】 (1)We need a big win to 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 我们需要一个大的胜利来增强我们的自 信心。 (2) They are putting up new hotels in order to 　 　 　 　 　 　 in the area. 他们正在盖新旅馆以促进该地区的旅 游业。 (3) Winning the competition was a wonderful 　 　 　 　 　 　 for her morale. 赢得了那场比赛使她士气大振。 4. tackle 【归纳拓展】 tackle vt. 应付,处理,解决(难题或局面) 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 72 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 n. (足球等)抢断球,阻截铲球;(橄榄球或美 式足球)擒抱摔倒,阻截;用具;体育器材;(尤 指)渔具 tackle sb. (about sth. )与某人交涉;向某人提 起(问题或困难情况) 【情境助记】 (1)The government is determined to 　 　 　 　 inflation. 政府决心解决通货膨胀问题。 (2)I 　 　 　 　 　 him 　 　 　 　 　 the money he owed me. 我就他欠我钱的事与他进行了交涉。 (3)He 　 　 　 　 just outside the penalty area. 他就在禁区外让对方把球抢断。 5. convince 【归纳拓展】 convince vt. 使确信;使相信;使信服 convince sb. (of sth. )使某人信服某事 convince sb. ( that)􀆺使某人确信…… convince sb. to do sth. 说服,劝说(某人做某事) convinced adj. 确信的;坚定不移的 be convinced of sth. / that􀆺坚信;深信;确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的;有说服力的 【情境助记】 (1)You will need to 　 　 　 　 　 them 　 　 　 　 　 your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他们相信你对这份工作的热忱。 (2)I􀆳ve been trying to 　 　 　 　 　 him 　 　 　 　 　 see a doctor. 我一直劝他去看病。 (3)Scientists say there is no 　 　 　 　 　 　 ev- idence that power lines have anything to do with cancer. 科学家称没有有力证据证明电线能致癌。 (4)I am 　 　 　 　 　 of her innocence. 我们坚信她是清白无辜的。 6. characteristic 【归纳拓展】 characteristic n. 特征;特点;品质 adj. 典型的;独特的 be characteristic of 具有……的特征 character n. 品质,性格;特点,特征;(具有某 种特征的)人;字符 characteristically adv. 典型地 【情境助记】 (1)Genes determine the 　 　 　 　 　 　 of ev- ery living thing. 基因决定了每个生物的特征。 (2)It 　 　 　 　 　 　 him to be late. 他的特点就是迟到。 (3)He replied in 　 　 　 　 　 　 firm style. 他以典型的坚定风格作答。 7. attain 【归纳拓展】 attain vt. (通常经过努力) 获得,得到;达到 (某年龄、水平、状况) attainable adj. 可达到的;可获得的 attainment n. 成就;造诣;达到;获得 【情境助记】 (1)Most of our students 　 　 　 　 　 five ‘A’ grades in their exams. 我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 73 (2) It is unrealistic to believe perfection is an 　 　 　 　 　 　 goal. 相信完美可以企及是不现实的。 (3) The 　 　 　 　 　 of ambitions was still a dream. 他要实现的抱负仍然是一个梦想。 8. assumption 【归纳拓展】 assumption n. 假定;假设; ( 责任的) 承担; (权利的)获得 assumption of power / control 权利 / 控制的取得 on the assumption that 假定 assume(that)假定;假设;认为 assume sth. 承担(责任);就(职);取得(权利) assume sb. / sth. to be 假定 / 假设某人 / 某事为 It is assumed that􀆺人们认为…… assumed adj. 假定的;假设的 assumed name 化名 assuming conj. 假定 assuming(that)􀆺假设……为真;假如 【情境助记】 (1)　 　 　 　 　 that he is still alive,how old would he be now? 假设他还活着,现在有多大年纪了? (2)It was impossible to make assumptions 　 　 　 　 　 people􀆳s reactions. 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 (3) We are working 　 　 　 　 the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席并正 就此作出安排。 (4) It is generally 　 　 　 　 that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为,紧张是工作过重所致。 9. overcome 【归纳拓展】 overcome vt. (overcame,overcome)克服;解决; 战胜 be overcome by 被……困扰 be overcome by fear / despair / depression 被恐 惧 / 失望 / 抑郁困扰 【情境助记】 (1)She 　 　 　 　 　 　 to win the gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛赢得了金牌。 (2)Her parents 　 　 　 　 　 　 with grief at the funeral. 在葬礼上她的父母悲痛欲绝。 10. expand 【归纳拓展】 expand vt. & vi 扩大;增加 vt.扩展;发展(业务) expand on / upon sth. 详述;充分叙述;详细 阐明 expansion n. 扩张;扩展;扩大;膨胀 expansive adj. 广阔的;辽阔的;浩瀚的 【情境助记】 (1)The book is an 　 　 　 　 　 of a series of lectures given last year. 本书是去年举行的系列讲座的扩充。 (2) Could you 　 　 　 　 　 on that point, please? 请你把那一点详细说明一下好吗? (3)She opened her arms wide in an 　 　 　 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 74 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 gesture of welcome. 她展开双臂以示欢迎。 11. estimate 【归纳拓展】 estimate vt. 估计;估价;估算 n. 估计;估算 estimation n. 估计;判断;评价 estimated adj. 估计的;预计的;估算的 It is estimated that 据估计 【情境助记】 (1)There are an 　 　 　 　 　 　 90,000 gang- sters in the country. 这个国家估计有 9 万名歹徒。 (2)　 　 　 　 　 　 that the project will last four years. 据估计,这项工程将持续四年。 (3)Since he left his wife he􀆳s certainly 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 他离弃妻子之后我对他的看法便不如从 前了。 12. consumption 【归纳拓展】 consumption n. 消耗;消耗量;消费 consume vt. 消耗;吃,喝;使充满 be consumed with 使充满(强烈的感情) consumer n. 消费者;顾客 【情境助记】 (1) Before he died he 　 　 　 　 　 　 a large quantity of alcohol. 他死亡前喝了大量的酒。 (2)Carolyn 　 　 　 　 　 　 guilt. 卡罗琳深感内疚。 13. comprise 【归纳拓展】 comprise vt. 包括;包含;由……组成 (consist of)不用于进行时,也可以用于 be comprised of; 是某事物的组成部分;组成;构成(make up) 近义词组辨析 consist of 由……组成,是及物动词短语,但是 没有被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。 be made up of 由……组成 make up 组成,构成 constitute 组成,构成 be composed of 由……组成、构成 【情境助记】 (1)The group 　 　 　 　 　 　 ten people. 这个小组由 10 个人组成。 (2)Ten people 　 　 　 　 　 　 the group. 10 个人组成了这个组。 (3)The collection 　 　 　 　 　 327 paintings. 那一组收藏有 327 幅画。 (4)Older people 　 　 　 　 　 　 a large propor- tion of those living in poverty. 在那些生活贫困的人中,老年人占有很大 的比例。 14. vision 【归纳拓展】 vision n. [U]视力;视野 [C] 想象;幻象 have good / perfect / poor / blurred / normal vision 视力好 / 极好 / 差 / 模糊 / 正常 have visions of 想象;幻象 a vision(of sth. )俊男;天仙;有……气质的人 envision vt. 展望;想象 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 75 visionary adj. 有眼力的;有创见的;有远见卓 识的 n. 有眼力的人;有远见卓识的人 【情境助记】 (1)They 　 　 　 　 　 an equal society,free of poverty and disease. 他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等 社会。 (2)They didn􀆳t 　 　 　 　 　 any problem with the new building. 他们没想到这栋楼会有什么问题。 (3)I had visions 　 　 　 　 　 us getting hope- lessly lost. 我想象我们完全迷失了方向。 (4)She was 　 　 　 　 　 vision in white lace. 她穿着白色蕾丝的衣服美极了。 15. deep down 【归纳拓展】 deep down 在内心深处;在心底;实际上;事 实上 run / go deep 强烈;深厚;深入内心 deeply adv. 很,非常;及其; (与某些动词连 用)深刻地,强烈地,深沉地 deeply rooted customs / ideas 根深蒂固的习俗 / 思想 breathe / sigh / exhale deeply 深呼吸;深深地叹 息;长长地呼气 depth. n. 向下的距离;深(度);纵深 deepen(sth. ) into sth. (使情感、感觉等) 加 强,变强烈 【情境助记】 (1)Their friendship soon 　 　 　 　 　 into love. 他们的友谊很快发展成为爱情。 (2) He seems confident but 　 　 　 　 　 　 down he is quite insecure. 他好像很有信心,实际上却没什么把握。 (3) Dignity and pride run 　 　 　 　 　 　 in this community. 尊严和骄傲已深深扎根于这个群体 之中。 (4)Water was found at a 　 　 　 　 　 　 of 30 metres. 在 30 米深处找到了水。 16. far from 【归纳拓展】 far from sth. / doing sth. 几乎相反;远非 far from it 完全相反;绝非;远非如此 【情境助记】 (1)—You are not angry then? —　 　 　 　 　 　 . I􀆳ve never laughed so much in my life. ———那么你不生气? ———非但没有生气,我一生中还没有这样 笑过呢。 (2)It is 　 　 　 　 　 　 clear( = it is not clear) what he intends to do. 他打算怎样做一点都不清楚。 (3) However,in terms of nutrition,fast food is 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 然而在营养方面,快餐食品远远不能令 人满意。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 76 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 Ⅱ. 重点句型解读 1. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percentof domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan􀆳s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China􀆳s farmers to produce around 200 million tons of rice per year. 据估算,现在中国国内消费的大米有 60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻,他的杂交水 稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约 两亿吨大米。 【归纳拓展】 (1)本句中 it 作形式主语,而将 that 从句置于 句尾。 it 作形式主语时,连接代词、连接副词 或 whether / if 引导的主语从句作真正的主语。 (2)常见句式: It +be+过去分词+从句 It +be+形容词+从句 It +be+名词(短语) +从句 It +be+不及物动词(短语) +从句 It is believed that􀆺人们相信…… It is known to all that􀆺众所周知…… (3)generated 是过去分词作后置定语,与 crops 是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动或完成。 【情境助记】 (1)It is ordered that all the soldiers should be sent to the front. 命令传出所有士兵都上前线。 (2)Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 清华大学建于 1911 年,是许多杰出人物 的摇篮。 (3)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a me- tre 5 to 10 minutes a day of running re- duced the risk of heart disease. 该评论的两位作者还在 2014 年发表了一 项研究,该研究表明,每天跑步仅仅 15 分 钟就可以降低患心脏病的风险。 2. Given that Yuan􀆳s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. Howev- er,this is far from the case. 考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有, 人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。 然而,事实远非如此。 【归纳拓展】 (1)given prep. 考虑到;鉴于 given that conj. 考虑到;鉴于 (2)有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的 选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。 常见的还有: generally speaking ( to be general ) 一 般 来说 frankly / honestly speaking 坦白地 / 老实说 judging from / by􀆺根据……来判断 considering 􀆺 / taking 􀆺 into consideration / account 考虑到…… to tell you the truth 说实话 seeing􀆺考虑到 compared to / with􀆺 与……相比 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 77 【情境助记】 (1)Given his age(Considering how old he is), he􀆳s remarkably active. 考虑到他的年龄,他已是相当活跃的了。 (2) It was surprising the government was re-e- lected,given that they had raised taxes so much. 令人惊奇的是,政府把税收提高这么多 仍再次当选了。 Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a prob- lem 　 　 　 　 　 　 (call)caffeinism. 2. No one has come up with a 　 　 　 　 　 (con- vince)explanation of why dinosaurs died out. 3. In places such as Shanghai,people eat sweet dumplings, a kind of small dumpling ball 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( produce ) with sticky rice flour. 4. I hope to go to college next year,always 　 　 　 　 　 　 (assume)I pass my exams. 5. Computers, far from 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( de- stroy)jobs,can create employment. 6. His problems are 　 　 　 　 　 　 (deep)root- ed in his childhood experiences. 7. Two of the authors of the review also made a study 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( publish) in 2014 that showed a metre 5 to 10 minutes a day of run- ning reduced the risk of heart disease. 8. That weekend in Plattsburgh, he convinced her 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( go ) ahead and marry Bud. 9. He was advised to reduce his alcohol 　 　 　 　 　 　 (consume). 10. The professor devoted all his life to 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( research)the treatment of malaria. 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. 我坚信他已经从错误中吸取了教训。 I 　 　 　 　 　 　 that he has learnt from his mistakes. 2. 不能克服自己的害羞,他站在那什么也说 不出来。 Unable to 　 　 　 　 　 　 , he stood there without saying anything. 3. 尽管害怕,但是我的内心深处却感到了真 正的满足。 Despite the fear,I could feel 　 　 　 　 　 　 a real satisfaction. 4. 他决定把余生贡献给科学研究。 He decided to 　 　 　 　 　 　 scientific re- search. 5. 我深呼吸,仰望着那破云而出的道道阳光。 I 　 　 　 　 　 　 and watch the sun􀆳s ray streak through breaking clouds. 6. 让我最感动的是电影中妈妈对儿子深深的爱。 　 　 　 　 　 　 in the movie was the mother􀆳s deep love for her son. 7. 碰巧他们都喜欢流行音乐。 　 　 　 　 　 　 that they all like pop music. 8. 我们必须百尺竿头,更进一步,才能实现 目标。 Still greater efforts are needed before we 　 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 78 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND　 　 　 　 　 　 . 9. 考试前的一晚,我被恐惧与绝望困扰着。 I 　 　 　 　 　 　 fear and despair. 10. 作为我们学校选出的三名志愿者之一, 我感到很兴奋。 As one of the three volunteers ,I felt excited. 三、语篇填空 The debates among scientists about 1. quality or quantity should take priority are frequently heard. But Yuan Longping firmly believed high yield does not 2. (neces- sary) mean a low quality. In the past,Chinese people looked on high output 3. their only goal. So they used fertilizers and farm 4. ( chemical) without limit. This surely lead to quality 5. (degrade). At pres- ent, China has established nine indicators 6. (evaluate) the quality of rice,some of 7. are positively correlated with the output,while 8. are not. Due to 9. ( improve) in quality,six indicators of the rice have met the First-grade level,and the other three the Second-grade. Some people,after trying this rice, said, “ It tastes 10. (good)than the rice from Thailand. ” 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 79 (1) in other words 　 (2) have a word with Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. occupation　 2. distinguished　 3. adjustment　 4. anxiety 　 5. reliable 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. will feel ashamed 2. Don􀆳t bother to turn to me for help 3. can be employed to express our feelings 4. not all of us do well in 5. adjust yourself to 三、语篇填空 1. is used　 2. easily　 3. is　 4. meanings　 5. but　 6. If　 7. a　 8. with　 9. it　 10. Following Period 4　Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: We took him to the vet,who said the dog appears to be in good health,despite his having been abandoned. He figured out the dog is about two or three years of age,from the condition of his teeth. Then the vet gave him all the required shots and ap- plied some medicine to the scars and new wounds. About a month later,the dog changed into a strong and lovely one. He is both sweet and gentle. Paragraph 2: Now we all love the dog very much. He once helped save me from trouble. One day my husband went to work in a hurry,for- getting to turn off the gas. I was sleeping soundly when I heard the dog barking like crazy. I was woken up,realizing something unusual must have happened in our house. It turned out that the house was filled with gas,which made me in danger. I owed it to the dog that I avoided a disaster. Since then,the pit bull has be- come a member of our family. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 UNIT 5　WORKING THE LAND Culture Background Analysis 1—5　 TFFTT Period 1　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. 【情境助记】 (1) devoted;to　 (2) are devoted to　 (3) devotion 2. (1) an acute shortage of 　 ( 2) no shortage of 　 ( 3) short of　 (4) short for 3. ( 1 ) boost our confidence 　 ( 2 ) boost tourism 　 (3) boost 4. (1) tackle　 (2) tackled;about　 (3) was tackled 5. (1) convince;of　 (2) convince;to　 (3) convincing　 (4) convinced 6. ( 1 ) characteristics 　 ( 2 ) is characteristic of 　 (3) characteristically 7. (1) attained　 (2) attainable　 (3) attainment 8. (1) Assuming　 (2) about　 (3) on　 (4) assumed 9. (1) overcame injury　 (2) were overcome 10. (1) expansion　 (2) expand　 (3) expansive 11. (1) estimated　 (2) It is estimated　 (3) gone down in my estimation 12. (1) had consumed　 (2) was consumed with 13. (1) consists of / comprises / is made up of / is composed of 　 ( 2 ) make up / constitute / comprise 　 ( 3 ) comprises 　 (4) comprise 14. (1) envision　 (2) envision　 (3) of　 (4) a 15. (1) deepened　 (2) deep　 (3) deep　 (4) depth 16. (1) Far from it　 (2) far from　 (3) far from satisfac- tory Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. called　 2. convincing 　 3. produced　 4. assuming　 5. destroying　 6. deeply　 7. published　 8. to go　 9. consumption 　 10. researching 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. am convinced　 2. overcome his shyness　 3. deep down inside　 4. devote the rest of his life to　 5. I breathe deeply　 6. What moved me most　 7. It happens　 8. attain our goals　 9. was overcome by　 10. selected from our school 三、语篇填空 1. whether　 考查连词。 whether􀆺or 是……还是。 2. necessarily　 考查副词。 necessarily 修饰动词 mean。 3. as　 考查介词。 as 作为。 4. chemicals　 考查名词单复数。 5. degrading 　 考查动名词。 lead to 后应接动名词作 宾语。 6. to evaluate　 考查不定式。 不定式作目的状语。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 6 参考答案与解析　 7. which 　 考查关系代词。 which 引导非限制性定语 从句。 8. others　 考查代词。 9. improvement　 考查名词。 Due to 后应接名词作宾语。 10. better　 考查形容词比较级。 Period 2　Using Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. 【情境助记】 (1) nutritious　 (2) nutritional 2. (1) in turn　 (2) in turn　 (3) take turns　 (4) in re- turn for　 (5) in return 3. (1) digest　 (2) to digest 4. (1) is essential for / to 　 ( 2) It is essential to keep　 (3) It is essential that 5. (1) prohibits　 (2) from　 (3) prohibitive 6. (1) to fire　 (2) alternatively 7. (1) instances　 (2) for instance Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Judging　 2. Organically 　 3. extension 　 4. to sell 　 5. entirely　 6. compared　 7. spoken　 8. digestion　 9. nutritious 　 10. essentials 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. It is essential　 2. has no alternative but to　 3. leisure activity　 4. choose enjoyable and nutritious food　 5. hoping to be spotted by the helicopter　 6. It is obvious　 7. In return for 　 8. found it hard to 　 9. intense gaze 　 10. with the light burning 三、语篇填空 1. rules　 考查名词单复数。 2. are invited　 考查动词的时态和语态。 本文介绍的是 客观情况,且根据主句为一般现在时可知,从句也应用一般 现在时;you 与 invite 之间为被动关系,即“你被邀请”,应用 被动语态。 3. it　 考查代词。 设空处在句中作形式主语,真正的主 语是不定式短语 to bring a small gift。 故填 it。 4. made　 考查非谓语动词。 if 引导的是一个状语从 句,且从句中已有谓语动词 have,因此,make 应用非谓语动 词形式;item 和 make 之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词作 定语。 故填 made。 5. of　 考查介词。 be of importance 意为“重要的”,相当 于 be important。 6. unless　 考查连词。 根据句意可知,设空处引导条件 状语从句,表示“除非”,故填 unless。 7. closed　 考查词性转换。 此处为 with 的复合结构,根 据句意,设空处表示“闭着的”这种状态,所以用过去分词转 化的形容词作宾语补足语。 故填 closed。 8. to reach　 考查不定式。 不定式 to reach 表目的。 9. immediately 　 考查词性转换。 设空处修饰动词 leave,作状语,应用副词形式。 故填 immediately。 10. a　 考查冠词。 设空处表泛指,指“一张便条”,应用 不定冠词。 故填 a。 Period 4　Writing 读后续写 【参考范文】 Paragraph 1: “ I am angry,not with you but with myself. You see,I re- alise that I have failed as a father if after all these years you feel that you have to lie to me. I have failed because I have brought up a son who cannot even tell the truth to his own father. I􀆳m go- ing to walk home now and think about where I have gone wrong all these years. ”“But Dad,it􀆳s 18 miles to home. It􀆳s dark. You can􀆳t walk home. ” Paragraph 2: My protests and my apologies were useless. I had let my fa- ther down,and I was about to learn one of the most painful les- sons of my life. Dad began walking along the dusty roads. I quickly jumped in the car and followed behind,hoping he would weaken. I begged all the way,telling him how sorry I was,but he simply ignored me,continuing on silently,thoughtfully and pain- fully. For 18 miles I drove behind him,averaging about five mi- les per hour. Seeing my father in so much physical and emotion- al pain was the most distressing and painful experience that I have ever faced. However,it was also the most successful les- son. I have never lied to him since. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 7