Unit 4 Period 1 Reading and Thinking & Learing About Language-【新课程能力培养】2024-2025学年新教材高中英语选择性必修第一册学习手册

UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE　 UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE Culture Background Analysis When we communicate with others, we do not only express ourselves through words,but al- so through our tones of voice,facial expressions and body language. In fact,many scholars be- lieve that far more information is communicated non-verbally(非口头地). Body language is just an important part of non-verbal communication. Learning another language is more than just learning its words and grammar;it also in- volves learning another culture. We learn much of our body language before we learn to speak from the time we are children. Body language varies from culture to culture,so it􀆳s important for us to pay attention. Sometimes,cultural differences in appropri- ate body language can cause discomfort or mis- understanding too. For example,there are defi- nite cultural differences in how much distance should be kept between two speakers. If you are used to keeping distance with people, you will feel very uncomfortable when people get closer to you while talking at a party. We call this the “personal comfort zone”. Another common example of misunder- standing is the use of a smile. In some Asian cultures, a smile can show embarrassment or a- pology. However, smiling at a teacher who is unhappy with you is probably not a good idea in most English-speaking cultures! So it􀆳s worth learning the cultural differ- ences in body language. Understanding any cul- tural or regional attitudes can help you improve your communicative skills. 根据上文判断正(T)误(F) (　 　 ) 1. When we communicate with others, we only express ourselves through words. ( 　 　 ) 2. Learning another language is just learning its words and grammar. (　 　 )3. Body language differs from culture to culture. ( 　 　 )4. It is of great importance for us to un- derstand the differences of body lan- guages in different cultures. ( 　 　 ) 5. According to the passage,a smile is used to show embarrassment or apol- ogy in some African countries. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 53 Period 1　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. vary v. 变化;改变;使有变化 【归纳拓展】 various adj. 多样的;各种各样的 variety n. 多种,种类;变化;多样化 a variety of / varieties of 各种各样的;不同种 类的 vary in sth. 在……方面变化;在……方面有 差异 vary with sth. 随着……变化 vary from sth. to sth. / vary between􀆺and􀆺从 ……到……不等 【情境助记】 (1)The student􀆳s work 　 　 　 　 　 　 in quali- ty. 学生作业的质量参差不齐。 (2)Prices 　 　 　 　 　 　 the season. 价格随着季节变化。 (3)She took the job for 　 　 　 　 　 　 reasons. 她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。 (4)This tool can be used in a 　 　 　 　 　 　 of ways. 这一工具有多用途。 2. appropriate adj. 正当的;适当的 【归纳拓展】 appropriately adv. 适当地 be appropriate to / for 对……是适当的 【情境助记】 (1)Jeans are not 　 　 　 　 　 　 for a formal party. 在正式聚会上穿牛仔裤是不合适的。 (2)He acted 　 　 　 　 　 　 in such a danger- ous situation. 在这样危险的情况下, 他的行为是合 适的。 3. approve v. 批准;赞成 【归纳拓展】 approve sth. 批准某事 approve of 支持;赞同 approve of sb. doing sth. 同意某人做某事 approval n. 赞成,认可;同意,批准 without approval 未经许可 with one􀆳s approval 经过某人同意 【情境助记】 (1) Her father will never 　 　 　 　 　 　 her marriage to you. 她的父亲不会同意她和你结婚。 (2)The city council 　 　 　 　 　 　 the build- ing plan. 市议会批准了这项建筑计划。 4. witness v. 目击;见证 n. 目击者;证人 【归纳拓展】 be (a) witness to sth. 目击,看见某事发生 witness to sth. / doing sth. 在法庭上作证 【情境助记】 (1)My clothes are a 　 　 　 　 　 　 to my pov- erty. 我穿的衣服证明我是贫穷的。 (2) She was shocked by the violent scenes she 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 54 UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE　 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 她被亲眼目睹的暴力场面惊呆了。 5. employ v. 雇佣;利用 【归纳拓展】 employer n. 雇主,老板 employee n. 雇员 employment n. 工作,职业;使用,利用 out of employment 失业 employ sb. to do sth. 雇佣某人做…… employ sb. as􀆺雇佣某人做……;聘请某人 担任…… be employed in doing sth. 从事于;忙于做某事 【情境助记】 (1)He is 　 　 　 　 　 　 in a bank. 他在一家银行任职。 (2) The manager 　 　 　 　 　 　 making a fu- ture plan for his company. 经理忙于为公司制订一个将来计划。 6. differ vi. 使……相异;使……不同 【归纳拓展】 differ from􀆺和……不同 differ in􀆺在……方面不同 different adj. 不同的;个别的 differently adv. 不同地;差异 difference n. 差异;不同 【情境助记】 (1)Our tastes 　 　 　 　 　 　 each other. 我们品味不一样。 (2)The two boxes 　 　 　 　 　 　 size but not in colour. 两个盒子大小不一样,颜色却相同。 7. favour v. 喜爱;偏袒 n. 喜爱;恩惠 【归纳拓展】 do a favour for sb. / do sb. a favour 帮某人一个 忙 in favour of 支持;赞成 in sb. 􀆳s favour 对……有利 【情境助记】 (1)Most of them were 　 　 　 　 　 　 my opin- ion while David was against it. 大部 分 人 支 持 我 的 观 点, 但 是 David 反对。 (2) Chance 　 　 　 　 　 　 only the prepared mind. 机会总是留给有准备的人。 8. by contrast 对比起来, 相比之下 　 　 　 　 　 　 , Mary is much diligent than Tom. 相比之下,玛丽比汤姆勤奋得多。 9. by comparison 与……比较起来 【归纳拓展】 compare􀆺with 把……和……作比较 compare􀆺to 把……比喻为 compared with / to 与……相比(过去分词短语 放句首作状语) 【情境助记】 (1)This one costs more but is cheaper 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 这个东西价格贵一点,但是比较起来还是 便宜。 (2)Let us 　 　 　 　 　 　 your translation 　 　 　 　 　 　 the model translation on the blackboard. 将你的译文与黑板上的模范译文加以 比较。 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 55 (3)Sometimes teachers 　 　 　 　 　 　 candles. 有时老师被比作蜡烛。 (4) 　 　 　 　 　 　 cars, bikes are more envi- ronmental. 和轿车相比,自行车更环保。 10. get through 通过;到达;做完;接通电话; 度过,熬过(困难时期等) 【情境助记】 (1)I think you can 　 　 　 　 　 　 the first two chapters. 我想你能完成前两章。 (2)It is hard to see how people 　 　 　 　 　 　 the winter. 很难想象人们将怎样熬过这个冬天。 (3)I can􀆳t get through 　 　 　 　 　 　 this num- ber. 我打不通这个号码。 11. break down 出故障,坏掉;失败;(健康) 垮掉 【归纳拓展】 break away from 脱离 / 挣脱…… break in 插话,插入 break into 破门而入 break up 粉碎;解散 break through 冲破,突破 break off 折断,中断 break out 突然爆发,发生 【情境助记】 (1)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 他不得不时常停下来擦额头的汗,因为空 调坏了。 (2)Nobody knew when the fire 　 　 　 　 　 　 , but they knew it was put out the next morn- ing. 没人知道这场大火什么时候发生的,但是 他们知道第二天它被扑灭了。 (3)He 　 　 　 　 　 　 his engagement just be- fore the wedding. 他在婚礼前解除了婚约。 (4) Two friends have an argument that 　 　 　 　 　 　 their friendship forever. 一对朋友发生了争执,永远结束了他们 之间的友谊。 Ⅱ. 重点句型解读 1. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 语言很重要,但是人们站立,握住手臂和手 移动的方式也给我们提供了他们的情感 信息。 【句法分析】 the way 作“方式”讲时,其后面的定语从句的 引导词(在从句中作状语)有三种情况: ①in which ②that ③省略引导词 (1)I don􀆳t like the way you spoke to her. 我不喜欢你和她说话的方式。 (2) It􀆳s not what you say;it􀆳s the way that you say it. 问题不在于你说什么,而在于怎么说。 2. For example, making eye contact—loo- king into someone􀆳s eyes—in some coun- 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 56 UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE　 tries is a way to display interest. 例如,在一些国家,眼神的交流———直视某 人的眼睛是表达出自己感兴趣的方式。 【句法分析】 动词的-ing 形式在句中作主语,谓语动词用 单数。 采用动名词作主语的句式: it is no good / use / fun / useless doing。 (1)Reading makes a full man. 读书使人充实。 (2)In many countries, shaking one􀆳s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. 在一些国家,摇头意思是“不”,点头意思 是“是”。 (3)It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。 Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Opportunity 　 　 　 　 　 　 those with a curi- ous mind. (favour) 2. For lots of people, the natural 　 　 　 　 　 　 ( react) is to get angry when they are cheated by others. 3. His plan was 　 　 　 　 　 　 ,and the 　 　 　 　 　 　 won him many 　 　 　 　 　 　 glances. (approve) 4. From their appearance,we cannot tell the 　 　 　 　 　 　 between the twins,but the ways they walk are 　 　 　 　 　 　 . And they also 　 　 　 　 　 　 in their voices. (differ) 5. Just like spoken language,body language 　 　 　 　 　 　 (vary) from culture to culture. 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. 经过热烈的讨论,老师最终同意我们制作 视频来记录我们在校的经历。 After a heated discussion,the teacher finally at school. (ap- prove) 2. 我们的城市见证了四个不同的季节,充足 的阳光和雨量充沛,但在冬天,你可能会觉 得有点冷。 Our city , plenty of sunshine and good rainfall, but in winter you may feel a little cold. 3. 各国对餐桌礼仪的观点大相径庭。 from country to country. 4. 非常抱歉,周五下午不能和你一起去书店 了。 我刚发现那天下午我有一个重要的会 议要参加。 I􀆳m terribly sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 5. 我给你写信想要告诉你一些关于我暑假的 计划,希望你能帮助我。 I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I al- so want you to 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 . 三、语篇填空 People usually communicate with others by spoken words. 1. , body language is widely used in our daily life. Have you ever used body language to communicate with others? I think the answer is 2. ( definite) sure. You must have smiled to your friend when 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 57 you meet him again after a long time. Smile is body language. And it is obvious that through human being􀆳s history, people 3. ( use)body language to communicate with others frequently. Body language is one of the most powerful means of communication,often even more pow- erful 4. spoken language. People a- round the world show all kinds of feelings,wi- shes and attitudes 5. they might never speak aloud. With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some 6. (similar) in body language. We can often be wrong about each other,so it is an 7. ( amaze ) thing that we understand each other as well as we do. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in 8. same way with touching or distance between people. These ac- tions are not good or bad,but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however,that cultural customs for body language 9. ( be) very general—nor all mem- bers of a culture behave alike. 10. general,studying international customs can cer- tainly help avoid difficulties in today􀆳s world of cultural crossroads. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 58 参考答案与解析　 sneered. Taking their places on either side, they pulled back their legs to deliver powerful kicks. But the moment they hit the hard ice block of the base,sneers turned into shock,then agony and tears. They howled and cursed,gritting their teeth and stom- ping their feet. Paragraph 2: Seeing their pained look,we couldn􀆳t help laughing. They were too funny as they hopped away holding their injured feet. We just couldn􀆳t contain our happiness and excitement. With a hearty laugh, we came out of hiding and sprang into the yard from inside the house. “An eye for an eye! Justice done!” We yelled behind them. And that was the end of our problems with the snow bullies. Ever since then,our snowman was kept guard- ed and intact until it happily melted into spring water and finally wove into our sweetest childhood memories. 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 UNIT 4　BODY LANGUAGE Culture Background Analysis 1—5　 FFTTF Period 1　Reading and Thinking & Learning About Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. 【情境助记】 (1) varies　 (2) vary with　 (3) various　 (4) variety 2. 【情境助记】 (1) appropriate　 (2) appropriately 3. 【情境助记】 (1) approve of 　 (2) approved 4. 【情境助记】 (1) witness　 (2) had witnessed 5. 【情境助记】 (1) employed 　 (2) was employed in 6. 【情境助记】 (1) differ from 　 (2) differ in 7. 【情境助记】 (1) in favour of 　 (2) favours 8. 【情境助记】 By contrast 9. 【情境助记】 (1) by comparison 　 (2) compare;with　 (3) are com- pared to　 (4) Compared to / with 10. 【情境助记】 (1) get through 　 (2) will get through 　 (3) to 11. 【情境助记】 (1) broke down　 (2) broke out　 (3) broke off 　 (4) breaks up Ⅲ. 小试牛刀 一、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. favours 　 2. reaction 　 3. approved; approval; approving 　 4. differences;different;differ　 5. varies 二、按要求完成下列句子 1. approved of us making a video to record our experiences 2. witnesses four different seasons 3. Opinions on table manners differ greatly 4. have an important meeting to attend that afternoon 5. do me a favour 三、语篇填空 1. However　 2. definitely　 3. used　 4. than　 5. that　 6. similarities　 7. amazing　 8. the　 9. are　 10. In Period 2　Using Language Ⅰ. 重点知识讲解 1. 【情境助记】 (1) occupied;occupied　 (2) occupies　 (3) is occupied 2. 【情境助记】 (1) stare at　 (2) glanced at　 (3) glaring at 3. 【情境助记】 (1) distinguish􀆺from 　 (2) distinguished for 4. 【情境助记】 (1) anxiety　 (2) anxious about　 (3) anxious for 5. 【情境助记】 (1) embarrassed　 (2) embarrasses 6. 【情境助记】 (1) of 　 (2) shameful 　 (3) to ask 7. 【情境助记】 (1) bothering 　 (2) getting　 (3) with 8. 【情境助记】 (1) adjusts,to 　 (2) is adjusted　 (3) to adjust to 9. 【情境助记】 (1) to forget　 (2) There　 (3) to / towards 10. 【情境助记】 (1) call me up　 (2) was called off 11. 【情境助记】 (1) react to　 (2) reaction 12. 【情境助记】 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 􀪋 5