外刊阅读理解测试4-2025届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

A UK-wide "war on obesity" Almost one in three people in England are obese. Three decades ago, it was only about one in seven. Data from Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales follows similar patterns. Expanding waistlines can shorten lives. Obesity is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer in the UK – behind smoking – and an important factor in heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Covid hits harder because obesity has become too common. Boris Johnsons government promised action to tackle this worsening public health situation – action that would reduce pressure on the NHS. The independent food strategy produced for ministers last year by the businessman Henry Dimbleby had a remit that went beyond the issues surrounding obesity, poverty and junk food. It included recommendations aimed at protecting nature as well as public health – particularly children's health via the provision of many more free school meals. Mr Dimbleby's report contained good ideas on how to address the excessive consumption of the highly processed, high-salt, high-sugar products that cause obesity. While the suggestion of a sugar and salt tax was rejected last year, a ban on junk food advertising before 9pm and limits on unhealthy promotions were agreed. The government believes that healthy eating is a matter of individual responsibility. However, the epidemiologist Sir Michael Marmot points out that this is to ignore the social dimension. Why have obesity rates gone up? And why increased inequality in childhood obesity? he asks. The relationship between excess weight and poverty may once have seemed counterintuitive, but is now widely recognised. People in poorer areas are likely to be more overweight than those in richer ones. Perhaps that is no surprise given that fast-food joints are more prevalent in deprived areas. Degree-holders are likely to be slimmer than people with no qualifications. Solving obesity means solving inequalities. Unfortunately, such disparities won't be addressed until a new health bill surfaces. This is a missed opportunity that risks making the obesity crisis worse. 1 What was the obesity rate in England three decades ago? A. Almost one in three. B. One in six. C. One in seven. D. One in ten. 2 What is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer in the UK? A. Heart disease. B. Type 2 diabetes. C. Obesity. D. Unhealthy diet. 3 What did Henry Dimbleby's independent food strategy include? A. Only measures to limit junk food advertising. B. Recommendations on protecting nature and public health. C. Just a sugar and salt tax. D. Only providing free school meals. 4 What does the epidemiologist Sir Michael Marmot think about the government's view on healthy eating? A. It is comprehensive. B. It ignores the social dimension. C. It is the most effective approach. D. It focuses too much on junk food. 5 Why are people in poorer areas more likely to be overweight? A. They have less access to healthy food. B. They don't like exercise. C. Fast-food joints are more prevalent there. D. They have no awareness of health. Alcohol-free Beer For the 10,000 years or so it has been around, beer has been relied upon both to refresh and intoxicate. Today's brewers think it could thrive by focusing exclusively on the refreshing. Alcohol-free beer is the booze industry's latest great hope as sales of the full-strength stuff have stagnated. If Heineken and other brewing giants have their way, tipplers will be knocking back pints from breakfast on. Beers with no (or little) alcohol have been sold for decades. But even their pedlars admitted they tasted flat. They were aimed at those who craved a proper beer but couldn't indulge: the pregnant, religious or designated drivers. Multinational brewers saw them as "distressed purchases" and sold them under separate brands far removed from flagship marques. No longer. Even before the pandemic shut the world's bars, beer-drinking was on the slide, in part owing to health-conscious millennials bingeing less often. Booze barons concerned about losing sales to soft drinks invested in ways of making alcohol-free beer taste better. This has started to pay off. Though nobody sober would confuse an alcohol-free brew with the real thing, it is now a credible draught. The product is good enough for mega-brands, from Japan's Asahi to America's Budweiser (part of AB InBev, the world's biggest brewer), to offer a "0.0" variant. Part of the brewers' interest stems from boozeless beer's frothy margins. Making the stuff is actually more expensive than making a straight-up Stella. The process usually involves taking a finished alcoholic beer and stripping away the booze (brands guard their methods closely). The expense is, however, more than compensated for by the savings on alcohol excise duties that are no longer owed. It helps that consumers appear to be willing to pay roughly the same price whether a beer contains alcohol or not. Beer that is entirely alcohol-free continues to be niche. "At the moment, alcohol-free beer is still something you drink when you can't drink," says Trevor Stirling of Bernstein, a broker. Only 2.4% of beer sold globally this year will be non-alcoholic, according to Euromonitor, a research firm. Still, that is up from 1.5% a decade ago, in part because traditional beer has slipped. Much of the growth in 0.0 sales has come from places that consume lots of beer already, notably Europe. The aim for brewers is therefore to reposition their virtuous offerings not as beer at all, but as a premium soft drink for grown-ups. That would give them a toe-hold in a business that is, by volume, nearly four times as large as beer. Indeed, many brewers believe that their booze-free products can refresh the parts of the market regular beers cannot. Bram Westenbrink of Heineken says only a fifth of its 0.0 drinkers would otherwise have plumped for a normal beer. The Dutch giant has pitched its alcohol-free brand as a suitable tipple for the office, gym and car. (It is also targeting more traditional beer-drinkers by sponsoring the European football championship now under way). The beer giants also think their investments in deboozing give them an edge over upstart rivals. Craft brewers, which have thrived in recent years, work in small batches for which stripping away alcohol is uneconomical. Their hoppy flavours rely on plentiful alcohol content to satisfy drinkers, unlike the blander lagers that dominate supermarket shelves. AB InBev is aiming for at least 20% of its sales to come from no- and low-alcohol beers. Governments and socially minded investors like to see beermakers offer alternatives to alcohol. Far from damaging a brand, having a 0.0 product is now a signal of a mature marque. Brewers have long tried to shift perceptions of beer as a laddish 1980s drink, fit only for football fans looking to get bladdered. Craft beers were one way to do that, but often turbocharged hangovers because of their high alcohol content. Now the industry is going the other way. How refreshing. 1 What is the latest hope of the booze industry? A. High-alcohol beer. B. Alcohol-free beer. C. Soft drinks. D. Craft beers. 2 Why were alcohol-free beers considered "distressed purchases" in the past? A. They tasted good. B. They were for everyone. C. They tasted flat and were for specific groups. D. They were cheaper than regular beer. 3 What is one reason for brewers' interest in alcohol-free beer? A. Low production cost. B. High demand from millennials. C. Frothy margins. D. Easy production process. 4 What is the percentage of non-alcoholic beer sold globally this year according to Euromonitor? A. 1.5%. B. 2.4%. C. 20%. D. 80%. 5 What is Heineken's strategy for its alcohol-free brand? A. Target only traditional beer-drinkers. B. Sponsor only sports events. C. Pitch it as a suitable tipple for various occasions. D. Sell it at a lower price. Can Skipping Dinner Help You Lose Weight? If your phone needs a software upgrade, you would likely run the installations when it's fully charged. Otherwise, your phone and its software would take longer to sync. A new study finds human energy systems operate in a similar fashion: Our metabolisms likely function best in the morning when our bodies are fresh and fully charged. The research, based on a seven-year dietary analysis of 50,000 adults, found that body weight, measured by body mass index, corresponds with when we eat and how often we eat. Specifically, people who eat larger breakfasts and adopt an 18-hour overnight fast, say from 1 pm to 7 am, have the lowest body weights. Those who ate more than three meals, or three meals plus snacks, had higher BMIs. Those who ate later in the day, after 6 pm, compared to having the largest meal at breakfast or lunch, had higher body weights. The Loma Linda University researchers hypothesize that 18- to 19-hour overnight dietary fasts reboot our metabolisms to help our bodies burn calories efficiently. Lead author Dr Hana Kahleova, director of clinical research at the nonprofit Physicians Committee, says this process ensures our energy intake correlates with energy output, instead of energy reserves — or enlarged fat cells. Contrary to popular belief, these extended overnight fasts seem to help boost metabolic function. Kahleova also finds meals consumed in the evening, compared to those eaten in the morning, result in a hyperglycemic response, or elevated blood sugar, which happens when insulin can't process glucose into energy. Like a clog in a machine, extra glucose slows our bodies' metabolic process down. Depending on your goals and health status, you may consider rearranging your meals so you consume more calories in the morning when insulin function is most efficient. So, let's say you consume 1,500 to 1,800 calories a day. Instead of splitting 500 to 600 calories evenly at each meal, you could experiment with eating 600 to 700 calories for breakfast, 600 to 700 calories for lunch and a light 300- to 400-calorie dinner. If you're looking to lose 10 pounds or reverse the early stages of Type 2 diabetes, the 18- to 19-hour overnight fast might work well for you. This could mean eating a larger breakfast, a medium-sized lunch and no dinner at all. 1 What is the new study based on? A. A two-year dietary analysis of 30,000 adults. B. A seven-year dietary analysis of 50,000 adults. C. A five-year dietary analysis of 40,000 adults. D. A ten-year dietary analysis of 60,000 adults. 2 What kind of eating pattern is associated with the lowest body weight? A. Eating more than three meals a day. B. Having the largest meal at dinner. C. Eating a large breakfast and fasting overnight. D. Having snacks throughout the day. 3 What happens when we eat in the evening? A. Our metabolisms speed up. B. We have a hypoglycemic response. C. We have an elevated blood sugar level. D. Our bodies burn calories more efficiently. 4 How can we rearrange our meals for better results? A. Eat more calories at dinner. B. Split calories evenly among all meals. C. Consume more calories in the morning. D. Skip breakfast and have a big lunch. 5 Who might benefit from the 18- to 19-hour overnight fast? A. People who want to gain weight. B. People with normal blood sugar levels. C. People looking to lose weight or reverse early Type 2 diabetes. D. People who exercise a lot. Why Does Your Nose Run When You Cry? Press play on a sad movie and you might find your face turning into a sopping wet mess. Its not just the tears (and any makeup said tears have displaced)—it's also all the snot. While the evolutionary reasoning behind human tears remains unclear, how those tears happen is less murky. Emotional arousal causes your brain to send messages to your tear ducts instructing them to produce tears. But those messages don't go to your nose. So why has it seemingly kicked mucus production into high gear? Actually, it hasn't. When you cry, some tears exit your eyes simply by rolling down the length of your face. Others, however, drain through your tear ducts and into your nasal cavity. There, they combine with mucus, generating a surplus of fluid that spills from your nose. You're not making more mucus, its just the tears draining and mixing with the mucus [thats already there], says Dr. Erich Voigt, M.D., director of NYU Langone Medical Centers department of otolaryngology. The same isn't true of certain other circumstances that cause a runny nose. When you eat something spicy, for example, your mucous membranes do make more mucus—it's their way of trying to flush out the spicy chemicals before they can interfere with your respiratory system. Your mucous membranes ramp up output in the cold, too, in order to warm up and moisten that dry, chilly air before it reaches your lungs. One powerful blow into a tissue may seem like the best way to clear out all that excess mucus—but too much force can cause other issues. 1 What might happen when you watch a sad movie? A. Your face turns red. B. Your nose stops running. C. Your face becomes wet with tears and snot. D. Your eyes stop producing tears. 2 What causes human tears when we are emotionally aroused? A. Messages from our nose. B. Messages from our tear ducts. C. Messages from our brain. D. Messages from our mucous membranes. 3 What happens when we cry? A. All tears drain through the nose. B. Some tears drain through the tear ducts into the nasal cavity. C. The nose stops producing mucus. D. The nose produces more mucus than usual. 4 Why does the nose produce more mucus when we eat spicy food? A. To flush out spicy chemicals. B. To warm up the air. C. To moisten the air. D. To mix with tears. 5 What can happen if you blow your nose too hard? A. It clears out all the mucus. B. It makes the nose run more. C. It causes other issues. D. It warms up the air. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ A UK-wide "war on obesity" 答案： C。解析：文章开头提到“Three decades ago, it was only about one in seven.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Obesity is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer in the UK – behind smoking”。 B。解析：文中提到“It included recommendations aimed at protecting nature as well as public health”。 B。解析：文中提到“However, the epidemiologist Sir Michael Marmot points out that this is to ignore the social dimension.”。 C。解析：文中提到“People in poorer areas are likely to be more overweight than those in richer ones. Perhaps that is no surprise given that fast-food joints are more prevalent in deprived areas.”。 Alcohol-free Beer 答案： B。解析：文中提到“Alcohol-free beer is the booze industry's latest great hope as sales of the full-strength stuff have stagnated.”。 C。解析：文中提到“But even their pedlars admitted they tasted flat. They were aimed at those who craved a proper beer but couldn't indulge: the pregnant, religious or designated drivers. Multinational brewers saw them as "distressed purchases".”。 C。解析：文中提到“Part of the brewers' interest stems from boozeless beer's frothy margins.”。 B。解析：文中提到“Only 2.4% of beer sold globally this year will be non-alcoholic, according to Euromonitor, a research firm.”。 C。解析：文中提到“The Dutch giant has pitched its alcohol-free brand as a suitable tipple for the office, gym and car. (It is also targeting more traditional beer-drinkers by sponsoring the European football championship now under way).”。 Can Skipping Dinner Help You Lose Weight? 答案： B。解析：文中提到“The research, based on a seven-year dietary analysis of 50,000 adults.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Specifically, people who eat larger breakfasts and adopt an 18-hour overnight fast, say from 1 pm to 7 am, have the lowest body weights.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Kahleova also finds meals consumed in the evening, compared to those eaten in the morning, result in a hyperglycemic response, or elevated blood sugar.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Depending on your goals and health status, you may consider rearranging your meals so you consume more calories in the morning when insulin function is most efficient.”。 C。解析：文中提到“If you're looking to lose 10 pounds or reverse the early stages of Type 2 diabetes, the 18- to 19-hour overnight fast might work well for you.”。 Why Does Your Nose Run When You Cry? 答案： C。解析：文中提到“Press play on a sad movie and you might find your face turning into a sopping wet mess. It's not just the tears (and any makeup said tears have displaced)—it's also all the snot.”。 C。解析：文中提到“Emotional arousal causes your brain to send messages to your tear ducts instructing them to produce tears.”。 B。解析：文中提到“Others, however, drain through your tear ducts and into your nasal cavity.”。 A。解析：文中提到“When you eat something spicy, for example, your mucous membranes do make more mucus—it's their way of trying to flush out the spicy chemicals before they can interfere with your respiratory system.”。 C。解析：文中提到“One powerful blow into a tissue may seem like the best way to clear out all that excess mucus—but too much force can cause other issues.”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$